Chiphunzitso
Martin Luther King ndiye chithunzi chachikulu kwambiri cha America, wopambana ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu. Wokamba nkhani wakhama adakhala wopitilira muyeso wa dziko la dziko lapansi, ndipo malingaliro ake ofanana adakhala maziko a gulu lolingana lamakono. Mwamuna uyu wakhala chithunzi cha dziko lonse chophatikiza tsankho ku United States, ndipo malingaliro ake ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amagwirizana.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Zaka za zana la 20 ku Europe. Ngakhale kuti ukapolo unathetsedwa pa Disembala 1865 chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni, malingaliro ake ndi mitundu ya anthu omwe analipo asanakwane, chifukwa dziko lopanda nyumba silinasinthe anthu opanga khungu.
Chidacho chinasweka m'maufulu ndipo chimaganizira anthu achiwiri. Sakanakhoza kupeza ntchito yabwinobwino ndipo adalandidwa ufulu wosankha. Ku America, nkhondo yapachiweniweni itatha, malamulo osazindikira a John Crowe, malingana ndi momwe ocheperako sakanakhoza kuyimirira par ndi mzungu. Anthu akhala akutchulidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka magazi a Negro.
Pakadali pano, Martin Luther King adabadwa pa Januware 15, 1929, Martin Luther King adabadwira mumzinda wa Atlanta, komwe ku Georgia, komwe kuli kum'mwera ku America. Kummwera, ambiri mwa anthu a Negro omwe ali pakatikati amayang'ana.
Martin Luther Abambo a mfumu Martin Luther King anali mpingo wa Baptist, ndipo amayi Albert Williams A Kingnam Ankagwira ntchito yophunzitsa. Mutu wa banjali unayitanidwa ndi Michael, koma anasintha dzina lake ndi dzina la Mwana ali ndi zaka 6.
Martin Jr. Anali mwana wachiwiri m'banjamo, ndipo kuti asanene kuti Mafumu anakhala bwino: banja lankhondo lamtsogolo lomwe linali lolingana lomwe linali la gulu lomwe lili pamwamba pa anthu ambiri ndipo amakhala bwino.
A King adaleredwa m'cipembedzo chokhwima komanso zipembedzo, kuti olakwika makolo nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito chilango. Koma Martin wamkulu ndipo Albert Williams adayesa kuteteza Mwana wake wamwamuna kuti azidana ndi tsankho la kusankhana mitundu.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 6, mnzake amene amasewera naye pabwalo, mwadzidzidzi ananena kuti amayi sakanalola kucheza ndi Martin, chifukwa chakuda. Pambuyo pa Albert, Williams adayesa kutonthoza mnyamatayo ndikunena kuti Martin sanali woipa kuposa ena.
Mfumuyo ikakwanitsa zaka 10, adayimbanso mwayala ya mpingo wa Baptisti. Panthawiyo, Atlanta anali wamkulu wafilimuyo "wapita ndi mphepo", ndipo kwayala idatenga nawo gawo.
Chikhalidwe cham'tsogolo chamtsogolo sichinapangidwe pachaka, Martin Luther King ndi Hones ndi Honesi adaphunzira ku sukulu ya Negro. Mnyamatayo sanayenere kumaliza maphunziro 9 ndi 12, popeza sanaphunzire maphunziro a sukulu ndikulowa ku Yunivesite ya Morhauz kunja kwa zaka 15. Mu 1944, Martin amakhala wopambana pampikisano wa okambalala, omwe adachitika ku Georgia pakati pa achichepere.
Pamalo atsopano ophunzirira, mfumu yolowa mu "dziko ladziko la dziko lapansi lazolomo" ndipo amaphunzira kuti motsutsana ndi tsankho amachita ngati zoyera zakuda komanso zoyera.
Mu 1948, Martin amathetsa yunivesite ndipo amalandira digiri ya bachelor ya Sociogy. Monga wophunzira, mayi wina wa Martin Luther amathandiza abambo ake ku Tchalitchi cha Ebeser. Kuntchito kwa King, munthu wapadziko lonse lapansi anali alendo okonda kwambiri: Mu 1947, mnyamatayo adavomereza wothandizira San mu mpingo.
Andale akhala akuphunzira kuphunzira nawo seminale ya Crooli mu mzinda wa Chester, komwe kulembedwa ku Pennsylvania. Kumeneko, chisinthidwe chamtsogolo chimalandira digiri ya Dr.alogy mu 1951, koma akupitiliza maphunziro ake kusukulu ya Boston yomaliza maphunziro a Boston ndipo mu 1955 amalandira digiri ya Ph.D ..
Mulimo
Martin Luther King adapita kumapazi a abambo ndi agogo, ndipo mu 1954 wandale wakhala m'busa mu mpingo wa Baptist. Nthawi yonse ya moyo, munthu anali kusuntha malingaliro a ufulu ndi kufanana kwa anthu. Mfumu inali ndi maluso apamwamba a Orator, omwe adatumiza ku njira yabwino.
Martin anali wotanganidwa ndi atkophal, koma mu 1955 adakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu la kusintha kwa Montgomery.
Martin Luther King adalowera kukanyansidwa ndi mizere ya basi ku Montgomery. Malinga ndi mgwirizano wosagwirizana, okwera utoto analibe ufulu wokhala m'mizere inayi yoyamba ya basi, yomwe idafunidwa ndi nzika zoyera. Komanso madalaivala ena amangokhala osavomerezeka ndipo amatonzedwa kwa aku America aku Africa. Park ya Officer Flack Rosa adakana kusiya njira "yopatsa mwayi, pomwe adamangidwa ndi apolisi a komweko. Ndipo iyi si nkhani yoyamba mwa kukonzekera pagulu, ku United States kunali komangidwa pafupipafupi kwa anthu osalakwa amdima. Woyendetsa basi sanawopseze chilichonse, ngakhale atawombera munthu waku Africa America.
Martin Luther King, yosagwirizana ndi vuto laboma ili, adakonza zojambula zopanda chiwawa, pomwe wamdima. Chionetsero chatha kuposa chaka chimodzi, masiku 382. Wachikuda anakana kusuntha pa zoyendera pagulu ndikupita kumapazi ndikupempha ufulu ndi kufanana. Nthawi zina magalimoto aku America aku Africa adayendetsa, koma mwamphamvu sanagwiritse ntchito zoyendera pagulu. Pafupifupi anthu 6,000 adatenga nawo gawo.
Kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali, mu 1957 boma la US lidaganiza kuti kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ku Alabama kumatsutsana ndi ma Constitution ndi martin pachikuto.
Sikuti anthu onse omwe amathandizidwa ndi Mfumu, panthawi ya zionetsero idayesedwa mobwerezabwereza, komanso kuyesera kuwombera nyumbayo. Martin Luther King adakhala mtundu wa anthu opangira utoto, komanso chizindikiro cha kulimbana kwa ufulu ndi ufulu. Popangidwa ndi Mfumu, njira yotsutsa mwankhanza Martin Luther adalandira mphotho yamtendere ya Nobel.
Komanso a King adasonkhanitsa ziwonetsero za mawonekedwe aliwonse osakanikirana. Chifukwa chake, mu 1962, a Martin alowa mdera la Alabaamian kuti akhale ndi ufulu wa anthu. " Mfumu idalimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa za ophunzira aku yunivesite omwe adapita kukakumana ndi mavuto. Ngakhale kuti ndi Martin Luther King, Martin Luther King anali ndi chilengedwe, apolisi adaletsa ziwonetserozo, mwachitsanzo, opanga ophunzira adatsika agalu. A Martin Mfumuyo adamangidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Mu 1962, yunivesite ya Mississippi imatengera wophunzira wakuda James Meredith, yemwe adakhala woyamba dzina loti alowa bungwe la maphunziro. Ku United States kunali anzanga apadera amtundu, omwe analibe ufulu wophunzirira par ndi zoyera.
Kunapita patsogolo m'gulu la America, koma si aliyense anavomera ndi kulembetsa kwa African America aku Alabama George Roorge Wallace akugwirizana ndi omwe amapita ku yunivesite awiri akuyu.
Martin adatchinga ulemu ndi ulemu wa ufulu wa anthu ndikupitilizabe kulimbana kwa nthawi yayitali tsankho.
Koma kukwezedwa kotchuka kwambiri kunabweretsa kutchuka kwakukulu kwambiri, komwe kunachitika mu 1963 ndi kufalikira kwandale za Martin. Anthu pafupifupi 300 okhala ku America adasonkhana paulendo wopita ku Washington amagawana. Mfumu inalankhula mosamala kwambiri, yomwe imayamba ndi mawu akuti: "Ndili ndi loto." Martin adachotsa kuyanjanitsa kwa fuko ndikunena kuti zilibe kanthu kuti munthu akuchitira mtundu uti, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ali mkati. Atsogoleri a Marsha adakumana ndi Purezidenti wa US Kennedy adakambirana mavuto ofunikira. Mu 1964, lamuloli "pa Ufulu wa" Pa Ufulu wa Ufulu "unasaina, zomwe zimaletsa kuphwanya ufulu wa nzika zosakhala nzika zopanda apo.
Malingaliro ndi malingaliro
Kukula kwa chisamaliro kwa mfumu sikunangokhala ndi vuto la magawano. Andale uyu adachita zofanana komanso ufulu wa nzika zonse za United States of America, sanakhutire ndi kuchuluka kwa kusowa kwa ntchito komanso njala.
Martin ankakonda kuyenda ndipo amalankhula, kuitana anthu kuti amenyenso nawo ufulu wokhala ndi munthu aliyense chibadwire. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi Martin Luther King, nkhondo iliyonse ikuvutika, chifukwa ndizotheka kuvomereza mothandizidwa ndi chilankhulo, osati mothandizidwa ndi zipolowe zambiri. Luther analemba mabuku ambiri omwe adadzakhala maziko ochita bwino paudindo ndi dongosolo.
Moyo Wanu
Pa moyo wake, Martin Luther anali munthu wosangalatsa mokoma mtima, adaonetsa chitsanzo cha munthu wina m'banja, mwamuna wabwino ndi bambo, wokonda ana anayi. Ndili ndi wophunzira wa Cortin wa CORTT Scott Martin adakumana mu 1952, kukhala ku Boston.
Chief Chiang adamukonzera makolo ake, ndipo adavomereza ukwati. M'chilimwe cha 1953, Mfumu ndi Cortot anakwatirana ndi nyumba ya mayiyo. Martin King Seder anayendar.
Pakutha kwa 1954, mafumu am'banja amapita ku State of Alabam kupita ku mzinda wa Montgomery, komwe ntchito yogwira ntchito ya Martin Luther imayamba.
Imfa
Mu February 1968, mumzinda wa Memphis, Tennessee adakonza zomenyera za africa American. Ogwira ntchito sanali osakondwa osalipira ndalama zomwe adapeza, komanso zikhalidwe za mabwana, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi tsankho: zoyera zinali ndi mwayi wina ndipo sizingatheke Sonkhanitsani zinyalala ngakhale mumingulu.
Anthu adadzudzula wankhondo chifukwa cha ufulu wa Martin Luther King, woteteza zigawenga za anthu.
Pa Epulo 3, mfumu inapitanso ku Tennessee, koma andale adayenera kusintha kuthawa, chifukwa ndegeyo idaopseza kuphulika. Mumzindawo, munthu wodziwika bwino m'chipinda cha Motel "lorein".
Tsiku lina, Martin Luther King ali pa khonde la chipindacho, pomwe belokeli amupachirosi a James Turay anali ndi ndale kuchokera m'mphepete. James adawombera kamodzi: Chipolopolo adalowa m'nsawula ya Jarn Martin Luther King. Wandale adamwalira pachipatala cha St. Joseph pa 19:05. Kumaso kwa imfa, Martin adati mawu akuti "Ndinali pamwamba pa phirilo." Omvera Omwe Amakumbukira Zolemba pa Zolankhula:
"Monga chilichonse, ndikufuna kukhala moyo wautali. Mphamvu yaukali ili kwambiri. Koma sindikuganiza za izi tsopano. Ndikungofuna kukwaniritsa zofuna za Ambuye. "James anagwira apolisi: mnyamatayu analemba zizindikiritso mochokera pansi pamtima. Mnyamatayo adakhulupirira kuti chilango chidzasinthidwa. Kubwalo lamilandu, chigawengacho chinapatsidwa zaka 99 zandende. Kenako ray ananena kuti sanadziphe, koma khothi lidaumiriza mlandu chifukwa cholakwa cha womutsutsa.
Komabe, kwa Mfumu King King, pali zochitika zambiri zosakanizika. Mwachitsanzo, sizidadziwika, zomwe sizinadziwike, chomwe kuphedwa chinagwiritsa ntchito sniper, ndipo palibe umboni wowonekera wa Yakobe wowonekera pakuyesayesa kwa Mfumu. Mkazi wa Martin adasasangalala lingaliro la Khothili, chifukwa, m'malingaliro mwake, mwa mwamuna wake, chigawenga sichinapulumuka kundende, komanso chiwembu chandale. Chifukwa chake, cortet yawona nkhani zonena za imfa ya Ray, Mboni yokhayo.
Omwe adapha Martin King, ndipo mfuti ndi chiyani, zomwe sizinathe.
Pokumbukira chithunzi chandale ku America, Lolemba lililonse la Januwale ndiye boma la "Tsiku la Martin Luther". Pomaliza, tchuthicho chakhazikitsidwa mu 2000 kokha mu 2000 yokha.
Komanso mu kukumbukira Martin, mafilimu azolemba akunena za zochitika zake. Manda ali ku National mbiri yakale ya Museum Martin Marn Luther.
Mawu
Martin Luther King amadziwika kuti samangonena za ufulu wa anthu zokha, komanso za chikhalidwe. Kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima, kupirira ndi kudalirika komanso, mwina, gawo laling'ono la machitidwe omwe a ku America a ku America yemwe anali nazo.
- Chikondi ndiye mphamvu yokhayo yotembenuza mdani kuti akhale mnzake.
- Ngati munthu sanapeze chilichonse chomwe ali wokonzeka kufera yekha, satha kukhala ndi moyo
- Ndikadauzidwa kuti mawa chimaliziro cha dziko lapansi chibwera, ndiye lero ndidzala mtengo.
- Kafukufuku wa sayansi adayamba kukula zauzimu. Takwanitsa maroketi ndi anthu osagwirizana.
- Malire muyezo wa mfundo za anthu si momwe amakhalira pa chitonthozo chotonthoza chitonthozo komanso chokwanira, koma momwe amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi yakutsutsana ndi kutsutsana.
- Mantha amafunsa - kodi ndichabwino? Mbali yankhani - kodi ndi anzeru? Zachabe zimafunsa - ndizotchuka? Koma chikumbumtima chimafunsa - nkulondola? Ndipo nthawi imafika pamene muyenera kukhala ndi udindo womwe suli wotetezeka kapena wotchuka, koma pamafunika kutengedwa, chifukwa ndi zolondola.