Chiphunzitso
Oliver Cromwell - mkulu wa Chingerezi ndi mayiyo wa XVI-XVII zaka zambiri. Anakhala mutu wa kusinthira ku Britain, kunatsogolera kusuntha kwa omwe adadziyimira ku puritan, ndipo m'zaka zambiri ntchito ya nkhondo, ndipo mtumiki wa AMBUYE, ku Ireland ndi Scotland.
Oliver Crolamull adayamba pa Epulo 25, 1599 mumzinda wa Huntingdon. Makolo ake anali osauka osauka a Chingerezi - Elizabeth Mtsogoleri ndi Robert Cromkwell. Wotsirizayo anali mwana wamwamuna m'banjamo, akubwera kuchokera ku Tomasi CroMull (mfumu yapafupi kwambiri ya Henry VIII, ndipo wothandizira wake wamkulu pokonza kusintha). Mu ulamuliro wa mfumuyi, makolo a a Oliver Cromish adapita patsogolo pa dziko chifukwa cha kulandidwa kwa mayiko a tchalitchi ndi maonic.
Maphunziro oyambirira a Oliver's A Oliver adalandiridwa kusukulu ya parishi ya ku Paristary ya kwawo. Mu 1616 mpaka 1617, adaphunzira ku Sydney Sussex College of Cambridge. Kolejiyi idadziwika ndi mzimu woyeretsa. Cromm-jr. Anayamba kuphunzitsa pamalamulo, koma posakhalitsa anaganiza zosiya maphunziro ake ndipo anakwatirana ndi mwana wamkazi wa m'deralo.
Imfa ya abambo idakhumudwa ndi a Oliver: Iye amayenera kusiya maphunziro kuti athandize amayi ndi alongo. Munthawi imeneyi, adatsogolera famuyo, monga momwe amagwirira ntchito: kuphika mowa, tchizi okonzekera tchizi, kugulitsa mkate ndi ubweya.
Ndale
Mu 1628, cromwell adayesa kuyambitsa njira zandale. Anathanso kuthana ndi Nyumba yamalamulo kuchokera ku kwawo kwa Huntingdon. Kulankhula koyamba kwa Oliver kwa mkulu wamphamvu kwambiri kwa England kuchitika mu February 1629. Iwo anali odzipereka kuti ateteze alaliki a Oyeretsa. Koma mu Marichi chaka chomwecho, mfumu Karl ndidachotsa Nyumba yamalamulo, ndipo Carlera Cromill adatha, analibe nthawi yoyambira.
Kwa zaka khumi ndi limodzi lomaliza, CROMWll mobwerezabwereza kunapangitsa moyo wa mwininyumba wamba. Mu 1636 mpaka 1638, adatenga nawo gawo poteteza ufulu wa anthu wamba. M'zaka zochepa, a Oliver Rompoll adawonekeranso pazandale zadziko lake: mu Epulo komanso mu Novembala 1640 adasankhidwa kukhala nyumba yamalamulo yaying'ono komanso yayitali, motsatana. Cromwell adakhala wachiwiri ku Cambridge. M'mawu ake, iye, makamaka, ankaletsa zofuna za ulemu watsopano komanso Bourgeoiiiie.
Kusintha kwa Chingerezi
Mu Ogasiti 1642, Revorition Yaku Britain idayamba (nkhondo yapachingerezi) nkhondo yachingerezi). Mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zinali munjira imeneyi zinali Mfumu Charles I ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo. Oliver Cromoll adalimbana kumbali ya gulu lankhondo la Nyumba yamalamulo, pomwe adatanthauzira m'gulu la woyang'anira.
Adasankha kuti alembetse asirikali osati kukakamira - m'malo mwake, adafuna kupeza odzipereka oyendetsa mahatchini, omwe chilungamo ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi mfumu idzakhala yolinganiza. Oliver a Oliver anapeza nkhani zoterezi "ngakhale anali ndi chidwi ndi anyamata aja omwe amakhala ku East England.
Iwo anali oyeretsa a Yary ndipo adachita mosamalitsa madongosolo achinyengo. Gulu la Cromwell, lopangidwa ndi anthu amenewa, anali odalirika ndi Zheleznobokim chifukwa cholangidwa.
Ndi gulu lake lankhondo, mkuluyo anali kumenya nkhondo yambiri, pang'onopang'ono akuyamba kuchulukira. Mu 1644, adapatsidwa mutu wabodza. Kufunika kwambiri kwa luso la wamkulu wake anali pankhondo ya Ortene More, komwe kunachitika pa Julayi 2, 1644, ndipo kunkhondo ya neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neuzby, komwe kunali kunkhondo neine 14, 1645. Nkhondozi zinayamba kuchita mwatsatanetsatane m'mbiri ya Chingerezi, ndipo popanda mtundu waku A Oliver Cromwall, atha kusiya.
Mbiri ya England itatha kupambana kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo m'chigawo choyamba cha boma idapita njira yosinthira ku Constitutionation yochokera ku Mtheradi. Ulamuliro wa mfumu, ndikudziwa momwe njira yadzikoli ikuphukira, idapita kale. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi maluso a bungwe komanso mphamvu yosadziwika ya a Oliver Cromwall, ali ndi chidaliro kuti akumenyera zabwino, makamaka zidapangitsa kuti palamulo mukakumana ndi mayi.
Mukamaliza kuwononga anthu ku Britain, CromMull adafuna kusintha kwa gulu lankhondo la boma. Mu 1645, adathandizira kuti apangetu gulu lankhondo latsopano kutengera ma zheleznoboki. Cromwell adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidachitika zaka zingapo zankhondo kuti apange gulu lankhondo logwira mtima.
Nkhondo yapawewi
Molunjika munkhondo yapachiweniweni yaku Britain, a Oliver Cyrokwell akuimira mphamvu ya demokalase. Koma nyumba yamalamulo itatha idagonjetsa gulu lankhondo la mfumu, wamkuluyo adaganiza zosamukira kudera landale moyenera ndikukana ma demokalase ogwiritsa ntchito demokalase. Chifukwa cha izi, adakumana ndi oweta, omwe sanali okhutitsidwa ndi zotsatira za Chingerezi ndikuwapempha kupitiliza kwa nkhondo.
Mu 1647, a Oliver Croom Home adadziwika kuti adzagwedezeka pakati pa magulu andale itatu: Mfumu, Asitikali, oyimira a Presbyteriasism ku Nyumba Yamalamulo, Ndani Anali Ovota Ambiri. Muzochitika zoterezi kuchokera ku mtsogoleri wankhondo molimbika komanso mouziridwa, kwa zinasandulika kukhala chosemedwa komanso mfundo zodekha, kutengera gulu lankhondo komanso lankhanza lokhalapo mwankhanza m'chinsinsi chobisalira ndi mfumu.
Mu 1647, gulu lankhondo linalanda mfumuyo. A Oliver Cromwell adayesetsa kuthetsa vutoli ndi mfumuyo yokhudza mikhalidwe yomwe amishonale ikhoza kusungidwa. Lemeslera, akufunabe kusintha kwakukulu, kunabwera. Kapenanso wandale wophatikiza magulu omenyana, kuteteza nkhondo yachiwiri yapachiwiri, yomwe idayamba mu 1648, adalephera.
Pakusintha kumeneku, a Oliver Cromowell adatsutsa achifumu ndi kulimbikitsa gulu lake lankhondo, adagwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndi azenera. Mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala 1648, adamenya nkhondo ndi akatswiri achifumu ku Scotland ndi kumpoto kwa England. Kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, mafakizeke ake adagwirizana ndi Edinburgh, komwe chipangano chopambana chidasainidwa. Miyezi yotsatira, wamkuluyo, atafika ku Londodo limodzi ndi gulu lake lankhondo, anakwaniritsa nyumba ya commons othandiza.
Mu 1649, Cromwerly anavomera kwa mfumu, kuwonongedwa kwa ufumu ndi kulengeza ku England ndi Republic. "Silika" odziyimira pawokha idakhala "silika", yemwe adatsogolera Oliver Cromwall. Anadzionetsa wolamulira wokhwima: mopanda mantha chilichonse chokhudza ziweto, adayambitsa ndege yankhondo, pomwe msirikali sanasamale za nkhanzazo, adapitilirabe zachifumu zaku Ireland.
Zaka Zaka Zatha
Pamene moyo wa Oliver Cromoll adangodutsa dzuwa, ulamuliro wake udalandira zinthu zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo ndikuteteza anthu, adayamba kudana ndi zomwe akumvera kukhazikitsa demokalase, ku zofuna zawo. Mu 1650, adakhala mbuye-wamkulu wa a Republic, ndiye kuti, mtsogoleri wa gulu lonse lake lankhondo, lomwe limafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mwankhanza.
Mu 1653, wamkuluyo adalandira lamulo latsopano, lomwe limatchedwa "chida". Chikalatachi chinamupatsa iye udindo wa "Ambuye mtetezi" ku England, Ireland ndi Scotland. Zomwe zili mkati mwa dzikolo zidamuvuta: M'dzikoli, mavuto azachuma adapatsidwa, mavuto azachipatala samayang'aniridwa. Nthawi yomweyo, a Cromwell anali wopambana, akugwira jamaica, kusaina mgwirizano wamalonda ndi Sweden ndikumaliza mtendere ndi Holland m'mawu abwino ku England.
Ngakhale pa nthawi ya moyo wa Oliver Cromwall, omwe sanathe kuthetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu zake sizinakayikizedwe, lamulo lalikulu la mkuluyo limangobwezeretsanso kubwezeretsa kwa ufumuwo. Pambuyo pa imfa yake mu 1658, mwana wake Richard adalowa m'malo mwa AMBUYE Mtetezi, mtetezi wotayira.
Moyo Wanu
Mkazi yekhayo a Koromu anali Elizabeti anaphulika, pomwe anakwatirana, ndipo anasiya maphunziro ake ku yunivesite.
Ana asanu ndi atatu adabadwa muukwatiwu: Ana Robert, Oliver, Henry ndi Richard, komanso ana aakazi a Francis, Maria, Elizabeti ndi Bridget.
Imfa
Oliver Cromwell adamwalira pa Seputembara 3, 1658, chifukwa cha imfa lidayamba kuthwa ndi malungo. Maliro a mtsogoleri wa State adapita zokongola komanso zotumphukira, koma atangochitika kumene zipolowezo zidayamba mdzikolo, mwana wake wamwamuna Richard adalephera.
Mu 1659, akazembewo, akuitana pampando wachifumu wa Charles II (Karl I, mwana wa Karl I Thupi limapanga maora angapo pa miyala, pomwe mutu wake udayikidwa pamtengo pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu ya Westminster.
Zosangalatsa
- Pali nthano yomwe ili ndiubwana A Oliver Crompull atakumana ndi anzanga a Karl, amene adayamba kukhala mfumu ya England. Pamasewera, anyamatawo adabwera, ndipo adathyoka adaswa mphuno yake.
- Mu 1970, nduna yakale kwambiri "CROMWW" idachotsedwa, exomitor potsogolera Harris - adayamika kuchokera kwa otsutsa am'masewera.
- Kumayambiriro kwa ubwana, oliver anali ndi abale awiri, koma anamwalira kuyambira ukhanda. Zotsatira zake, mnyamatayo adazunguliridwa ndi alongo asanu ndi umodziwo, omwe amakhala nawo maubale abwino.
- Kufikira zaka 41, a Cromwall sanamve chidwi cha zochitika zapadera. Pokhapokha atasandutsa ma zheleznoboki pa ndalama zake, chikondi ichi chandale chikuchitika mkati mwathu komanso chikhumbo chotsiriza mbiri ya dziko Lake.
- Seputembara 3 idakhala tsiku losangalatsa m'tsogolo la Oliver Cromwell. Inali patsikuli pomwe adagonjetsa asitikali aku Scotland, asitikali a Charles Ndagwira ntchito, Nyumba yake yoyamba idayamba kugwira ntchito, ndipo pambuyo pake patsikuli adayamba kuchita chikondwerero. Oliver Cramoll adamwaliranso pa Seputembara 3.