Chiphunzitso
"Malingana ngati anthu amasangalala ndi magetsi, nthawi zonse amakumbukira dzina la Faraday," anatero Helmgolts.Michael Faraday ndi woyeserera wachingelezi wachingelezi, katswiri wa zamankhwala, Mlengi wa masewera olimbitsa thupi pamunda wamagetsi. Inatsegula electromagnetic inction, yomwe ndi maziko a mafakitale a magetsi am'madzi ndi ntchito zamakono.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Michael Faraday adabadwa pa Seputembara 22, 1791 ku Newton Batts, kutali ndi London. Abambo - James Faraday (1761-1810), kuzenera. Amayi - Margaret (1764-1838). Kuphatikiza pa Michael, Robert ndi alongo Elizabeth ndi Margaret adakula m'banjamo. Anakhala bwino kwambiri, motero Michael sanatsimikizire kuti ali kusukulu ndipo amapita kukagwira ntchito pasiti 13 zaka.
Maphunziro alephera. Kuwerenga mabuku mu sayansi ndi zamankhwala kunakwaniritsidwa ndi chidziwitso chakumabuku a mabuku omwe ali m'bwalo lakale. Mnyamatayo anaganiza zoyesazo. Anamanga gwero latsopano - "leiden Bank". Abambo ndi Mbale adachirikiza Michael poyesa kuyesa.
Mu 1810, mwana wazaka wazaka 19 adayamba membala wa kilabu ya wafilosofioficaice, pomwe nkhani za zakuthambo ndi zakuthambo zimawerengedwa. Michael adatenga nawo gawo pamikangano yasayansi. Mnyamata wachinyamata waluso anakopa chidwi cha asayansi. Wogula wa BUKU LAPANSI WILAM mphatso zomwe zidaperekedwa mphatso - tikiti kuti muyendere zojambulajambula zingapo mu pentistry ndi ma cacium, sodium, boron) .
Wasayansi wamtsogolo, amanyoza nkhani za Gemphri Davy, kupanga zomangamanga ndikutumiza pulofesa, limodzi ndi kalata yopeza ntchito yachifumu ku Instain Institute. Davy adatenga nawo mbali pachikondwerero cha mnyamatayo, ndipo patapita kanthawi, zaka 22 za Farada wazaka 22 adalandira ntchito yabotale mu labotale yamafuta.
Sayansi
Kuchita Udindo wa Wothandizira Labotale, Samada sanaphonye mwayi womvetsera pankhani, pokonza zomwe adachita. Komanso, ndi mdalitso wa pulofesa wina, Mnyamata wina anayesa zoyeserera zake. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi luso la ntchito ya ntchitoyi ndi othandizira labotale adapangitsa kuti ikhale yomwe imathandizira munthu wina mosalekeza.
Mu 1813, Davy adatenga mlembi wa Faraday m'ulendo wazaka ziwiri zaku Europe. Paulendowu, asayansi achichepere adakumana ndi zopukutira za sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi: Andre-Marie Ampera, Joseph LouSe Gay-Loussak, Alessak, Alessak, Alessak, Alessak Valta.
Pobwerera ku London mu 1815, Faraday adalandira wothandizira. Mofananamo, chinthu chomwe mumakonda sichinapitilize - khazikitsani zoyesa zake. Pa moyo wa Faraday, panali zoyeserera 30,000. M'magulu ozungulira asayansi a m'ndende komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika, adalandira mutu wa "mfumu ya kuyesa". Kulongosola kwa chidziwitso cha chilichonse chosowa bwino. Pambuyo pake, mu 1931, zojambulazi zidafalitsidwa.
Magazini yoyamba yosindikiza ya Faraday idasindikizidwa mu 1816. Podzafika mu 1819, ntchito 40 zidasindikizidwa. Macitidwe amadzipereka pa chemistry. Mu 1820, kuchokera kuyesa zingapo ndi entroys, wasayansi wachinyamata adazindikira kuti chitsulo cha chitsulo chowonjezera chowonjezera cha nickel sichimapereka maksation. Koma zotsatira za zoyesazo zidadutsa ndi ma metallists. Pampando wachitsulo chopanda dzimbiri kudakhala ndi dongosolo.
Mu 1820, a Faraday adayamba kukhala wolimbikitsa kwambiri ku Institute. Pofika 1821, adasinthira kwa sayansi kwa sayansi. Ma Samada anachita ngati wasayansi, wolemera kwambiri mu gulu lasayansi lasayansi. Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa pamagetsi amagetsi, omwe amaika chiyambi cha mainjiniya zamagetsi.
Gawo la electromagnetic
Mu 1820, Faraday adatengedwa ndi kuyesa kwa magetsi ndi maginito. Pofika pano, malingaliro a "DC Source" (A. Vot), "Electolysis", "magetsi" adapezeka. Munthawi imeneyi, ma elecertosmatics okhalako, kuyesa kwa bio, Savara, malo omwe akugwira ntchito ndi magetsi kumasindikizidwa. A. Ampere pa electromagramom adasindikizidwa.
Mu 1821, kuwalako kunawona ntchito ya Faraday "pa mayendedwe ena atsopano a elemalemabognetic komanso fano la maginito". Mmenemo, wasayansi adayeseza muvi wamatsenga kuzungulira pamtengo umodzi, ndiye kuti, zimachitika kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala makina. M'malo mwake, adadziwitsa woyamba padziko lapansi, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi masewera abwino.
Chimwemwe cha Kuzindikira kusokoneza madandaulo a William Vallarston, Rhodium, adapanga kukonzanso koyenera ndi ganiometer). Podandaula za Pulofesa David, wasayansi anaimba za Faraday m'malingaliro amphamvu ndi muvi. Nkhaniyi idatenga mozama. Davy adatenga mawonekedwe a Valllaston. Msonkhano chabe wa asayansi awiri ndipo kufotokozera udindo wawo ndi Farada kunatha kuthetsa mikangano. Vollarston adasiya zonena. Ubale wa David ndi Farada adataya kudalirika kwawo koyambirira. Ngakhale woyamba mpaka masiku otsiriza sanatope kubwereza kuti zomwe zidzachitike kwambiri zidawapangitsa.
Mu Januware 1824, Faraday adasankhidwa ndi membala wa Royal Society London. Pulofesa Davy wovota motsutsana.
Mu 1823 adakhala membala wofanana wa Paris Sukulu ya sayansi.
Mu 1825, Michael Faraday adatenga malo a Davina ngati Director ya yansi ya sayansi ya yansi ndi umagwirira ka Royal Institute.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa 1821, wasayansi sanasindikize ntchito. Mu 1831, adakhala pulofesa waullah (asitikali a Academy), mu 1833, pulofesa wa umagwirira wa Royal Institute. Anachititsa mikangano yasayansi, yophunzitsidwa pamisonkhano yasayansi.
Kubwerera mu 1820, Faraday anali ndi chidwi chokumana ndi Hans Erseda: Gulu la magetsi pamagetsi zidapangitsa kuti muvi wamatsenga. Magetsi amathandizira kupezeka kwa maginito. Faraday adanenanso kuti, molingana, maginito angayambitse magetsi. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa chiphunzitsocho kunawonekera mu diary ya wasayansi mu 1822. Zaka khumi zoyesa zidapita kukachita zinsinsi za zinsinsi za mawonekedwe a elekinetineti.
Kupambana kunabwera pa Ogasiti 29, 1831. Chipangizocho, chomwe chimalola Faraday kuti adziwe bwino kwambiri, amakhala ndi mphete yachitsulo ndi mawonekedwe a waya kuchokera pachilonda chamkuwa kukhala theka. Mu theka la mphete, waya wotsekedwa, anali muvi wamatsenga. Mphepo yachiwiri yolumikizidwa ndi batri yamagetsi. Zomwe zatsegulidwa, maginito a maginito amasinthasintha kusinthanso mbali mbali imodzi, ndipo atayatsidwa kwa wina. Faradada idazindikira kuti maginito amatha kusintha maginito kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.
Phenomenon "kupezeka kwa magetsi kumayiko otsekedwa ndi kusintha kwa maginito odutsawo" adatchedwa election electromaagnetic inctiction. Kuzindikira kwa electromagnetic insucttic adatsegula momwe gwero lapano lapano - jenereta yamagetsi.
Kupeza komwe kunalembedwa koyambirira kwa zoyeserera zatsopano za zoyeserera zasayansi zomwe zidapereka kafukufuku wa dziko lapansi "kafukufuku woyeserera pamagetsi". Faradays adakumana ndi gawo limodzi mwazomwe zimachitika zamagetsi zamagetsi, kudzidalira njira, komwe kumapangitsa magetsi kumachitika.
Mu 1832, sayansi ya Copli Medical.
Faraday idakhala wolemba woyamba wosinthira. Ndiwo wa lingaliro la "Diectric nthawi zonse". Mu 1836, poyesa zingapo, adatsimikizira kuti kuwongolera komwe kumachitika pokhapokha pa chipolopolo chokhacho, kusiya zinthu mkati mwake. Mu sayansi ya ntchito, chipangizocho chomwe chimapangidwa pamfundoyi chimatchedwa cell ya Faradadadadadaday.
Zopeza ndi Ntchito
Kutsegula Michael Faraday sikunathere kwa sayansi. Mu 1824, Benzene ndi Isobutlene adatsegula iwo. Wasayansi amabweretsa madzi a chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, kaboni dayokisi, ammonia, a nthylene, nayitrogeni dioxide, adapeza sythelide.
Mu 1835, Faraday chifukwa cha matendawa adakakamizidwa kuti azitha kugwira ntchito ya zaka ziwiri. Choyambitsa matendawa adaliika polumikizana ndi wasayansi poyesa ndi abwenzi a Mercury. Paulendo waufupi nditachira, mu 1840, pulofesayo adamvanso bwino. Kufooka, kudatayika kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi yobwezeretsa idachedwa kwa zaka 4. Mu 1841, pakukakamira madokotala, wasayansi adapita paulendo kudutsa ku Europe.
Banja limakhala pafupifupi umphawi. Malinga ndi umboni wa beraday John Typal, wasayansi adalandira ndalama za ma 22 pachaka. Mu 1841, Prime Minister William Lam, Mbuye Melbourne, pansi pa kukakamiza kwa anthu kuti alembetse ndalama za peraday penshoni.
Mu 1845, wasayansi wamkulu adatha kukopa chidwi cha dziko lapansi ndi zomwe adapeza: Kusintha kwa kusintha kwa ndege ya Kuwala kwa Magnetic ("Faraday Mphamvu" Maginito akunja akuchitapo kanthu).
Boma la England silinafunsidwenso Michael Faraday kuti lithandizire kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi mavuto aukadaulo. Wasayansi adapanga dongosolo la zida zowala, njira zothana ndi zombo, zochitidwa ndi akatswiri oweruza milandu. Popeza anali ndi chilengedwe, munthu amakhala wokoma mtima komanso wachikondi, wamtendere anakana kuchita nawo zida zankhondo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya ku boma la nkhondo.
Mu 1848, Mfumukazi Victoria idawonetsa nyumbayo m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Thames, Hampton. Ngongole ya Britain yala ndi misonkho yozungulira nyumbayo. Wasayansi ndi banja lake anasamukira kwa iye, kusiya nkhaniyi mu 1858.
Moyo Wanu
Michael Faraday anali atakwatirana ndi Sara Barnard (1800-1879). Sarah - mlongo mnzake wa Faraday. Zomwe dzanja ndi mitima ya zaka 20 sizinachitike mwachangu - wasayansi wachinyamata anayenera kugwa. Ukwati wokhala chete unachitika pa Juni 12, 1821. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, Faraday adalemba:"Ndakwatirana - chochitika chomwe kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse chimathandizira chisangalalo changa padziko lapansi komanso mkhalidwe wanga wathanzi."Banja la Faraday, monga banja la mkazi wake, mamembala a Gulu la Chipulotesitanti ". Faraday adachita ntchito ya dikoni wa ku London, sanasankhidwe mobwerezabwereza.
Imfa
Michael Faraday anali kudwala. Pakafupifupi, matendawa atatha, adagwira ntchito. Mu 1862, anaika patsogolo lingaliro lokhudza kuyenda kwa mizere yowoneka bwino mu minda yamagetsi. Tsimikizani Chikhulupirirochi chinali chotha kwa Peter Zeeman mu 1897, chifukwa cha 1902 adalandira mphotho ya Nobel. Faraday Zeeman adatcha wolemba lingaliro.
Michael Faraday adamwalira pa desktop pa Ogasiti 25, 1867 ali ndi zaka 75. Adaikidwa pafupi ndi mkazi wake kudera la malo apamwamba ku London. Wasayansi anafunsa asanamwalire za maliro ofatsa, kotero ndi achibale okha omwe amabwera. Pamtengo waukulu, dzina la asayansi ndi zaka za moyo limasemedwa.
Zosangalatsa
- Wasayansi wa sayansiyo sanaiwale za ana. Nkhani za ana "mbiri ya makandulo" (1961) idalembedwanso mpaka lero.
- Chithunzi cha Faraday chimayikidwa pa bilu ya Britain ya mapaundi 20 a 1991-1999.
- Panali mphekesera zomwe Davy sanayankhe Faraday kuti apemphe ntchito. Nthawi ina, kupenya kwakanthawi kwakanthawi koyesa kwa mankhwala, pulofesa anakumbukira mnyamatayo wachidwi. Atagwira ntchito ngati mlembi wa wasayansi, mnyamatayo adagwedeza Davy ndi malingaliro ake omwe adauza Michael ntchito mu labotale.
- Nditabwerako ku Europe Kubwera Paulendo wa Davie Farada, kudikirira malo a Womuthandizira ku Italtaitutes pamenepo panali mbale yotsuka kumeneko.