Chiphunzitso
Woyipa kwambiri ndi wakupha, amene adazunza ndi njala yowopsa ndikumuuza za nthawi yovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, kwa zaka 7 ulamuliro wa Boris Auronov, Russia alimbitsa chisonkhezero cha iye yekhayo, koma mikangano yamkati idakwiyitsa mpando wachifumu wa ukadaulo wa nthuza.
Boris adabadwa mu 1552 ku Banja la Holtord, lomwe limakhala pafupi ndi mzinda wa Vyaz'zma. Wodulidwa wa Sumunov wafika ku Tatiarin Chet-kuruze, yemwe anali atawona ku Russia panthawi yaulamuliro wa Ivan Kalita. A Boriis, omwe anali makolo a Kostroma, omwe pakapita nthawi amakhala akunja kwa Homezer.
Monga wolemekezeka, mnyamatayo anali wophunzira, koma sanadzidziwe yekha ndilemba loyera. Kuphunzira mabuku ampingo kudawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunikira, chifukwa chake mipata yomwe ili m'derali sinaloledwa. Anthu a m'masiku otchedwa mfumu mtsogolo ndi ophunzirira pang'ono komanso oyipa. Kulemba ndi kulemba m'manja ndi calligraphic sikunachitike.
Kufikira ku Royal Retunue
Mu 1565, Ivan Grozny akumenyera nkhondo zosemphana ndi izi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi limagawana Russia kupita kudziko ndi Oprichnin. Wotsirizayo amapanga lingaliro lake, mautumiki ndi ankhondo. Umwini wa Godinon anali kumbali ya madera akumizinda, ndi Dmitry Ivanovich (mabalulu akunja a Booris) adasainidwa panthaka yankhondo. Chifukwa cha mabwana a Optocobal, onjezerani boma. Mfumuyo inayamikira kukhala ndi Dmitry ya Dmitry ndikubweretsa pabwalo, ndikupereka udindo.
Makolo a kumwalira, Irina ndi Boris Allaron, amalume amasamalira ana. Olumikizira mosalekeza sanakondwerere maphunziro a ana athunthu, kotero kuti Dmitry anali ndi ana amasiye ku Kremlin, atagwirizana ndi ma Autocrat. Ana adakula mokwanira ndi olowa m'malo achifumu. Ivan Guzny ankakonda kukambirana ndi a Sumunov ndipo ngakhale anawalamulira malingaliro ake mwanzeru.
Mnyamatayo anakopa mphamvu ndi khothi zapamwamba, koma kuzunzidwa kumazizwa, komwe kumalipo oponderezedwawo. Ali ku State State, modziwikiratu anawona kuphedwa ndi kuzunzidwa kwa anthu. Mnyamatayo adangosemphana mwachangu kuti sadzapulumuka pabwalo lamagazi, ngati sanaphunzire kuwongolera chisoni ndi malingaliro. Atakakamizidwa kuti azunzidwe m'manja mwa mfuti ndi "kusangalatsa" pamodzi ndi zoopsa komanso za Ochrichniki.
Ali ndi zaka 18 adatenga malo a zofunda pagulu. Adaphedwa m'mbuyomu, kuyika pamlingo. Tsopano pa ngongole ya ntchitoyo, mnyamatayo amakhala maso ndi makutu a mfumu, aturuki a Kremlin Church ndi olondera. Mitu ndi Cardigrigrips - tsopano gawo la abaris, omwe amakakamizidwa kulimbana nawo ndewu.
Mgwirizano wanzeru wanzeru adakopeka ndi mafupa kwa Swaratov, yemwe amaopa moyo ndipo adayang'anira okhulupirika. Maiyita anapatsa mkazi wa Mulungumi yachichepere mwana wamkazi wa Maria, komanso wachabwino Shui - wamkulu.
Mu 1571, khothi laling'ono limayamwa mwana wa wachibale wowopsa - Evdokia Saburov. Pamenepo mpongozi wake sanafune wogulitsa amene ananenetsa kuti mtsikanayo posakhulupirira ndi kuwunjika ku nyumba ya amonke. Boris adamva kuti gulu lolakalaka lidazunzidwa ndi kukongola kwachichepere ndikuchimwa pambuyo poti alephera. Godlunguvov adagawana malingaliro ake ndi mnzake, omwe nthawi yomweyo adafotokozera za mfumu.
Ntchito yakale ya Baptist idasunthika. Tsopano okwiyawo adzawalamulira mphindi iliyonse. Kuchokera kuzunzidwe, bambo adapulumutsa mlongo wokondedwa wopusa Irina, yemwe adakopa Fedor (mwana wa Tsarsy) kuti athetse vutoli ndi chikhululukiro. Mtsikanayo anali wotchuka chifukwa cha malingaliro, kuwerenga ndi kuwerenga ndi kukongola. Wokongola Irina wakonda Fyodor kuyambira ndili mwana, koma sanasamale chibwenzi cholankhula chakale.
Kukongola kukondedwa kuwerenga, mosangalala adaphunzira kulemba ndi kuwerenga komanso kuwonetsa kuti amalirikiza masamu. Pangozi yoopsa itapachikidwa mchimwene wake, Irina anathamangira ku m'bale wake wachifumu ndi zochuluka, ndipo anatsimikizira Atate wake kuti apulumutse banja la Mulungu. Pothokoza mtsikanayo amayenera kukwatiwa ndi Feder yowopsa, Boris, mutu wa Goyyarin.
Muulamuliro wa Fedora
Mu 1581, mfumu potentha kwambiri amapha mwana wake wamwamuna Ivan. Feder Ioannovich amakhala wopempha pampando wachifumu. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, Grozny adamwalira imfa yoyipa, kutsuka magazi Ake omwe. Anthuwo anasemphana kuti galimoto inagwidwa ndi magazi okhetsedwa osalakwa. Wolamulira watsopanoyo amakhala wolowayonse.
Fededo adatopa kugwira apulo womangidwapo, ndikuwonetsa mphamvu ndikupatsa chisonyezo cha Amulungu. Zochitika izi, malinga ndi makhomiridwa, zalembedwa kale. Buku la Regent County limapangidwa mwachangu ku Kremlin, lomwe linaphatikizapo Yuriev, Belishky, Mstislavsky, Shuisy ndi Umuronov. Mabwanawo anazindikira kuti mfumuyi singathe kuyang'anira dziko, ndipo kuvutika kwankhanza kumayambira pabwalo.
Chitsenderero cha Mulungu ndi njira yopindulitsa, yotsutsa misampha yokhudza kuphedwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kupezerera nkhanizo. Chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri chidatumizidwa ku ukapolo. Pambuyo pake, kulimbana kwakukulu ndi mabanja a boyr, zomwe sizingagawane ndi "zotulukamo." Boya la BoyAr adachita mphamvu, ndipo Boris zimadabwitsa komanso kuchenjera.
Pofika kwa otsutsa, Mfumu yamtsogolo inaganiza zothetsa mlandu womaliza wa mpandowachifumu. Zowopsa sizinakhale mbadwa imodzi - Tsarevich Dmitry, adatchulanso amayi ake ku UGLIWA. Mwanayo anamwalira mu 1591, wokhumudwa pa mpeni pakaukira khunyu. Commission yapaderayi sinapeze zinthu zaupandu wa Tsarevich. Shurin Tsar sanali kunenedwa kuti ndi kuphana Dmitry Dmitry, popeza umboni wachindunji wa Mlandu udapezeka, umboni wokha.
Nthawi iyi ya biograozy idafotokoza modabwitsa Pkushkin modabwitsa pamavuto a "Booris Audinov" mzere wa ndakatulo:
"Ndipo chilichonse nkoutso, ndipo mutuwo ukupindika.Ndipo anyamatawa amafa m'maso ...
Ndipo ndine wokondwa kuthamanga, koma palibe palipo ... zoopsa!
Inde, chikumbumtima chake ndi chodetsa. "
Mu 1869, wolemba mussorgsky, yemwe anakhudzidwa ndi ndakatuloyi, analemba dzina lomweli, lomwe linasonyeza mwatsatanetsatane ubale wapakati pa anthu ndi wolamulira.
Kusintha
Rarkety chidwi chidwi ndi wandale zaka 13 za malamulo a dzikolo, kubisala kumbuyo kwa dzina la Fhodor John. Munthawi imeneyi, mizindayi, mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri, akachisi amaikidwa ku Russia. Omangamanga ndi mapulani aluso akwanitsa ndalama kuchokera pachuma. Moscow idapanga madzi oyamba omwe amatchedwa Kremlin. Mu 1596, khoma la malo osuta, omwe amateteza malire aku Western, adzamangidwa mu 1596 mwa lamulo.
Fyodor Saveveev Boris adapatsa khoma lakunja, mzinda woyera. Alendo omwe adapita ku Moscow adalemba m'mavinizi kuti ndizosatheka kutengera mzinda tsopano. A Crantian Khan Kaza-Girey amangotsimikizira malingaliro azomwezo, chifukwa zimawopa kuwunikira makhoma a mpandamita. Kwa kazembe wachifumu uyu, mutu wa "Tsarevi Wantchito", womwe umawerengedwa kuti ndi dzina lolemekezeka.
Chifukwa cha Mulungu mu 1595, pangano ndi Swedes lidasainidwa, lomwe lidamaliza nkhondo ya ku Russia, lomwe lidatenga zaka 3. Mothandizidwa ndi utsogoleri wachinsinsi, mfundo za Rusi zinasamukira ku Korela, Ivangerod, yam, kopsie. Nthawi yomweyo, kholo linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe linalola Tchalitchi cha Orthodox kuti lisamuka ku Ndondomeko ya Byzantine.
Khazikitsani mawuwo kuti mufufuze zathanthwe. Tsopano mahatchiwo anafunika zaka 5, ndipo ufulu walengezedwa. Ndinamasula eni misonkho kuchokera misonkho, omwe ankakonda pashnya pandekha, osagwira ntchito ganyu.
Kulamulira
Januware 1598 amadziwika ndi imfa ya omaliza kuchokera ku Rrikovich - FEDERR. Boma lakanthawi limasankhidwa kukhala wamasiye wa mfumu - Irina. Palibe olowa m'malo achifumu a mpandowachifumuwo, motero msewu wopita ku Ufumu wa Godion ndi mfulu. Makina a zemsky adasankha wolamulirayo. Udindo wofunikira unaseweredwa chifukwa chakuti mfumu yomwalirayo idawonedwa ngati munthu wodziwika, ndipo ma boris okha ndi omwe adalamulira boma.
Atamaliza Mpandowachifumu, munthu amamvetsetsa kuti chipewa cha nyumba ya ku Onomachac ndi katundu wolemera. Ngati zaka zitatu zoyambirira za Ulamuliro zimabwera ku utoto wa Russia, ndiye zochitika pambuyo pake zimachepetsedwa kuti zisakwaniritsidwe. Mu 1599, amayesera kuti abwerere ku Westrochecheate ndi West, pozindikira kuti anthu aku Russia akulowa kumbuyo kwa maphunziro ndi mankhwala. Oyang'anira achifumu a Lamulo lachifumu akupeza khothi kunja kwa ambuye ndi madokotala, iliyonse yomwe Boris imalankhula zokha.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, mfumuyo idaganiza zotsegula malo apamwamba ku Moscow, pomwe aphunzitsi akunja amagwira ntchito. Kupanga ntchitoyi, kupatula achinyamata ku France, England, ku Austria, kuti omwe aphunzira nawo kuphunzitsa.
Mu 1601, njala yayikulu idagubuduza kudzera ku Russia, monga zinyenyeswazi ndi chisanu oyambilira. Choyimira chachifumu chomwe chidayamba kupempha misonkho. Boris adatenga miyeso kuti apulumutse njala, kugawa ndalama ku chuma ndi tirigu. Mitengo ya mkate idakwera nthawi zana, koma majekilocrations sanalange zotchula. Chuma ndi nkhokwe zake zinalibe kanthu mwachangu.
Anzake adadyetsedwa ndi swan, agalu, amphaka. Zochitika za spellible zinawonjezeka. Misewu ya Moscow idadzazidwa ndi mitembo yomwe Sagittarius adaponyedwa mu sayansi (manda wamba). MULUNGOV anapemphera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pempho kuti akhale mwamtendere. Assase a anthu adalimbikitsa apisawu, amphakali aja adawerenga izi ndi kufooka kwa boma.
Anthu 127,000 anafa ndi njala. Zingwe zimayamba kuti Mulungu akutumiza Kara kukafika ku SUS yovomerezeka. Kukhumudwa kwa chidwi kumayamba kukhala phokoso ndi thonje. Mafala a zigawenga pansi pa mpanda wa m'matuwuni adaswa gulu lankhondo. Pambuyo pake, zinthu sizinakhazikike, chifukwa zimawonekera mphekesera zomwe Tsarevich Dmitry ali moyo.
LADMTTY
Boris Allaunov amadziwa kuti udindo wa FASSmemitria ndiwolimba kwambiri kuposa wake, chifukwa anthu amawona mwana wamwamuna wa Ivan Grozny. Anthu odalirika adasonkhanitsa chidziwitso ndikupereka mfumu zowona kuti pansi pa njira yomwe Tsorevich imabisala umunthu wosangalatsa - mindandanda yakale ya grigory FreakYev. Anthu a ku Russia ankakhulupirira kuti wolowa m'malo wowona adabwera, amene adzapulumutse kwa njala ndi kuzizira.
Mitengo ija idawonetsa ndalama zosonkhanitsa gulu lankhondo la Freakyev, omwe anali kukonzekera kupita kumpando wachifumu. Anthu a ku Russia adathandizidwanso ndi anthu aku Russia, ngakhale gulu lankhondo lomwe lidachitika pansi pa zikwangwani za wonyenga. Achifwamba ndi zigawenga sizinapambane, ndipo Gregory-Dmit adathawa kuyika kuyika. Nkhaniyi idakondwera ndi Gonanov, yemwe sanakhazikitse chinyengo cha khothi ndi asitikali.
Moyo Wanu
Maria Soshcaratova adakhala mkazi wake wa mfumu yosankhidwa yoyamba. Zokhudza mtsikanayo alibe zinthu zochepa zomwe zasungidwa. Koma odziwika, akuimira Maria powala. Mwana, zokongola zogonjera zimakhala mnzake wa mwamuna wake. Kwa zaka 10 zokhala limodzi, banja silinabadwe mwana wosakwatiwa, ndipo madotolo okha amangokhala ndi manja awo, akunena za umunthu wawo wachibadwa wa mkazi.
Mnzanu wosimidwa adachotsedwa ku England ndi dokotala yemwe adakwanitsa kukonza thanzi la mtsikanayo. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, ana awiri adawonekera m'banjamo - mwana wa Federo ndi mwana wamkazi wa Ksenia. A Sumunov Koronov nthawi yake yaulere mu banja ndipo adati akupumira kwathunthu pamaso pa okondedwa athu. Tsogolo la mthenga wake weniweni, wolamulira adawona mwa ana Ake Omwe, kotero onse adapereka maphunziro akale.
Mnyamatayo kuyambira ali mwana adakonzera mpando wachifumu ndikuphunzitsa aphunzitsi a ku Europe ndi Moscow. Karamzin ananena kuti Feder ndi "chipatso choyambirira cha maphunziro a ku Europe ku Russia." Mkazembe wachingelezi Jerom sercay yofotokozedwa mu zilembo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ubale wogwirizana zimathandizidwa m'mabanja omwe amapezeka mumsewu, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ku Russia.
Imfa
Boris Allaunov nthawi yayitali adadwala urorothiasis ndi migraines. Pakutha kwa moyo, adasiya kudalira zosungidwa ndi mahatchi, akuwona adani akumapeto kupatula banja. Mwana ankasungidwa ndi iye osabadwa, kusokoneza mtsogolo.
Pa Epulo 13, 1605, mfumuyo inatenga akazembe a Chingerezi pomwe apooplexy adafika. Kuchokera pamphuno ndi makutu a amunawo adathira magazi, ndipo dokotala wakhothi adangokweza manja ake, osatha kuthandiza.
Mabwana ataimirira pabedi la kufa, anafunsa mwana wake. Mowarch anati: "Monga momwe mukonda Mulungu ndi anthu." Pambuyo pake, ndidataya mphatso yakulankhula ndikufa. Wolowa m'malo mwake amasankhidwa kuti, nthawi yomwe imatha mwezi ndi theka. Ataphunzira za imfa ya Wolamulira, ku Moscow ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe adalowa lhadmirriy pansi pazabwino za anthu.
Tsiku lomwelo, mwa dongosolo, Golitsyn, Sagityr adachotsedwa ndi banja la Mulungu, ndikunyamuka ndi aja ndi Ksenia, komwe kunakomoka. Mtsikana womukhululukirira amakhala mdzakazi wa ku Fustidiria, yemwe, atalephera, anakweza kukongola kwake kwa nyumba ya amonke.
Alungunov adawotchedwa mu Arkhangelsk Cathedral, koma pa bomba lomwe bokosi lidatulutsidwa ndikuyika mu Wantrann Moyrete. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, mosavuta Shuisy adalamula kuti abisidwe a banja la Mulungu mu Utatu wa Utatu mu Utatu wa ku Utatu wa Utatu wa Utatu.
Pa zojambula za wolamulira wachisoniwu ndi mwambi, womwe sunathe konse ndi olemba mbiri. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Godinov modabwitsa adasowa mutu wa ma Autocrat. Sizikumvekeredwa kuti ndi gulu liti la zingwe zolekanitsidwa ndi thupi. Zinapezeka chifukwa cha anthropologist Grasimov, yemwe adatsegula kulira kwa komwe kumachitika ndi zotsala kuti zibwezeretse mawonekedwe a womwalirayo.