Chiphunzitso
Saddam Hussein Abb Abb Alb Alt Patimu wa Moyo Wake adalemba zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri ku Iraq, koma adalowa nkhani yolimba kwambiri ku Iraq, Purezider of Iraq State (1979-2003), atakwaniritsa gawo lalikulu kwambiri la Kukula kwa dziko la Nafewa pakati pamagawo a Middle East.
Amadziwika ndi kusintha kwapadera, kuchita zankhondo ndi Iran, pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lake lankhondo pankhondo ya zida zamankhwala. Mu 2003, pofika pachiwopsezo cha atsogoleri adziko lapansi pamaso pa mgwirizano (USA, Great Britain) ku Iraq, Husse adagonjetsedwa, ndipo kenako ndikupha koopsa kunalangidwa.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Chosangalatsa ndi tanthauzo la dzinalo - Saddam, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "kutsutsa" kuchokera ku Chiarabu. Umu ndi momwe zingathekere kumveketsa ngwazi za biograography iyi. Kuchokera pakuwona kumvetsetsa ku Europe ya dzina, purezidenti wakale wa Iraq sanali. Mawu oti Hussein ndi dzina la abambo ake, omwe sanakhale ndi chuma ndi mphamvu panthawi ya moyo wake, ndipo anali wopanda chiyembekezo.
Saddam adabadwa pa Epulo 28, 1937 mumzinda wa Tamrit, kapena m'malo mwake, m'mudzi wapafupi wa Al-Auya. Atatsala pang'ono kuwonekera, bambo Agwedezeka anamwalira, anasowa kapena mmodzi wa anthu osiyanasiyana - anaponya banja lake. Palinso lingaliro loti wandale adabadwa kunja kwa banja, koma awa ndi mphekesera zokha.
Asanabadwe m'tsogolo mwa wolamulira wamtsogolo, Amayi a Sadadam asanakhale ndi mwana wina yemwe adamwalira ndi khansa ali ndi zaka 12 munthawi yomwe mayiyo anali pamalo osangalatsa. Tsoka zoyipa zinabweretsa kukhumudwa kwambiri. Amayi sanafune ngakhale kuyang'ana mwana wakhanda wakhanda. Mnyamata wina kwa zaka zingapo adatulutsa amalume ake payekha pa nyumba ya mayiyo, koma atayika m'ndende, monganso kuwukira kwa anti-ku Britain, Hussein amayenera kubwerera kwa amayi ake.
Malinga ndi miyambo ya anthu achiarabu, ngati mwamuna womwalirayo ali ndi m'bale, wamasiyeyo amakhala mkazi wake. Ndipo panali kwa mayi wa Sadedamu, amene anatenga m'bale wake wa m'bale wa Hussein - Ibrahim Al-Hassan. Tembenuzani abambo opeza komanso owoneka bwino, adadzudzula mwankhanza komanso mawu ankhanza: kumenya, kukakamiza kulimbikira. Ukwatiwu uli ndi ana ena asanu (anyamata awiri ndi atsikana awiri).
Ubwana wa Hussein adayamba umphawi wadzaoneni, munthawi ya njala. Amadziwika kuti bambo ondichedwa amakakamiza Yunz kuti aba ng'ombe kuti zigulitsenso kugulitsa. Kunyoza pang'ono kwa mnyamatayo kuyika zojambula zoyenera mu mawonekedwe ake, koma Chidadam sichinatseke gulu. Anali ndi abwenzi ambiri, abwenzi pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana azaka za anthu.
Hurin Hussein adamva ludzu la chidziwitso, adapempha kholo lopeza kuti amupatse kusukulu, koma adapumula, koma osafuna kugawana ndi antchito ena owonjezera. Kenako mnyamatayo anaganiza zothawira mumzinda ndi amalume ake - wachisilamu wodzipereka, wokonda dziko komanso wokonda dziko la Hitler, pofika nthawi imeneyo adachoka kumalo omangidwa. Anali amalume omwe anathandiza Mbadwiyo kukhala yomwe anali mu zaka zotukuka.
Ku Taitti Sampdam adapita kusukulu. Maphunziro sanali ophweka kwa iye, chifukwa ali ndi zaka 10 Hussein sanadziwe kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Kuti mupeze miseche yolimba mtima ndi anzawo ndi aphunzitsi, kuphwanya malangizo a wolamulira wamtsogolo sanathe sukulu.
Pa 15, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi nkhawa kwambiri - kumwalira kwa kavalo, komwe kunali mnzake wokhulupirika. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mwana wavulala m'manja. Pakatha miyezi ingapo amayenera kuchitira ahuso. Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa wachikulire wachisoni wachisoniwu kunamveka kuti kenako analira komaliza m'moyo wake.
Amalume Hayalt atasamukira ku Baghdad, mwana wa mchimweneyo anaganiza zomutsata ndikulowa mu sukulu ya asitikali (1953), koma osalephera. Chaka chamawa, Alsin alowa Sukulu ya Al-Karh, komwe pamapeto pake maphunziro achiwiriwo amapezeka.
Zochita
Kuyamba kwa ntchito yandale ya Saddam Hussein kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuphunzira kwake. Wachichepere wachichepere adamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji "Hark", ndipo pambuyo pake adalandira dipuloma yailamulo ku Yunivesite ya Cairo.
Mu 1952, kusintha kwa Aiguputo kunayamba, mtsogoleri wa omwe adatenga gamphal nasser. Mwamuna uyu anali wa Hussein Kiri, chitsanzo cha kutsanzira. Zochita zosintha zinatsogolera kumutu wa kayendedwe ka malo a Purezidenti wa ku Egypt.
Mu 1956, wolamulira wamtsogolo wamtsogolo wamtsogolo adalowa m'magulu ankhondo akutsutsana ndi Mfumu Faisal II, koma pomwepo sanachite bwino. Chaka chotsatira, Hussein adalandira membala wa gulu la Baas, ndipo kale mu 1958, pofika mu 1958, m'kufika kwa 1958, mfumuyi idalandidwabe.
Ali ndi zaka 21, Saddam adamangidwa ngati wokayikiridwa pakupha m'modzi mwa akuluakulu otchuka a chigawo. Ndi lingaliro loti amalume a amalume ake anapatsa m'bale wakeyo ntchitoyo ndikupha wotsutsayo, yemwe iye "woyenera" woyenera. Potengera, apolisi a komweko sanapeze umboni umodzi, kotero pambuyo pa miyezi 6 isusein adamasulidwa ndipo m'tsogolo adatenga nawo mbali mu ntchito yapadera motsutsana ndi General Kasem.
Kuwerenga ku yunivesite ya Cairo (1961-1963), Chisadam cha Catician kukhala ndale chogwira, atatchuka m'mabwalo. Mu 1963, chipani cha Baas chidapambana boma la Caasem, Hussein adabwerera ku Iraq ndipo adalandira membala wa membala wa Peint Coreau. Malinga ndi wachichepere wachichepere, nthumwi zazikulu za phwando la Baan zinachita nawo ntchitozo, ndipo Hussein sanazengereze kulankhula pa misonkhano yachizungu. Posakhalitsa, a Baasts adachotsedwa mu mphamvu, ndipo Saddam adapanga mapangidwe ake.
Mu 1964, utsogoleri watsopano wapani anawonekera (anthu 5), ndipo Hussein adalowa ndodo yake. Atsogoleriwo anaganiza zola Baghdad, koma kuyesako kunayamba kugwa. Limodzi mwa omwe amayambitsa, Sadakhom, adamangidwa, koma mu 1966 andale adathawa, ndipo atakhala miyezi ingapo adadzakhala wachiwiri kwa chipani cha Baas. Mawonekedwe a ntchito zake adaphatikizapo ntchito zokhudzana ndi kufufuza kwa chinsinsi chapadera.
Mu 1968, ku Iraq komwe kunayamba, ndipo mu 1970, Hussein adasanduka Wachiwiri kwa dzikolo. Popeza anali ndi mphamvu yayikulu, anachititsa kuti zinthu zingapo zisinthe gawo lapadera. Khalidwe lolimba la Hussein, lopangidwa ndiubwana, lidawonetsedwa mwanjira ya ntchito yake.
Onse amene adatsutsa mphamvu zapano amangidwa mwankhanza: Pamwambapa akaidi adanyozedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, asidi, atapachika, amachita khungu, komanso amakakamiza abale awo. Masiku ano, maluso awa ku Iraq, mwamwayi, iwo amaletsedwa, ngakhale ena a iwo adangokhalabe olamulira akuluakulu.
Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a munthu wachiwiri wa dzikolo, Hussein adalipira mafunso ngati awa:
- Kulimbikitsa mfundo zakunja.
- Kuwerenga kwa amayi ndi anthu onse.
- Kukula kwaukadaulo, kumasintha kwamakono.
- Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
- Kupanga mabungwe osiyanasiyana maphunziro, zipatala, mabizinesi aukadaulo, ndi zina zambiri.
Sankhana adakhala munthu wotchuka komanso wolonjeza mdzikomo, atalandira ulemu pakati pa anthu osavuta komanso kukhala ndi mavuto azachuma ku Iraq.
Purezidenti wa Iraq
Mu 1976, Hussein anathetsa chipani chake chonse, ndipo adapanga gulu lankhondo lamphamvu lomwe lili ndi malingaliro a "kumanja". Posakhalitsa nyumba zonse zofunika kwambiri za boma la boma, kuphatikiza mautumiki ndi magulu ankhondo, zidanenedwa kwa andale okhwima.
Mu 1979, Purezidenti wa Iraq adasiya, ndipo udindo wake adatenga wolandirayo - Saddam Hussein. Kuchokera m'masiku oyamba a ulamuliro wake, adayamba kupanga mapulani apamwamba a boma, akufuna kumuwona pamaso pa atsogoleri aku padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe (mafuta) a dziko la Iraq, zidatheka kuti lisankhe mapangano ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kukula kwatsopano.
Koma Sakhidam anali wankhondo mwawo, iye amafuna kuti akhale ndi ndi kusintha. Nkhondo zokhala ndi Iran, zoyambitsidwa ndi Hussein, pambuyo pake zidapangitsa kuti chuma cha Iraq kukakana.
Kuyambira 1991 (nthawi yankhondo-post), dzikolo lidasintha kale lowononga ndi njala. Mizindayo idalibe chakudya, madzi, "ulamuliro" matenda osiyanasiyana m'matumbo. Ambiri iraqis adasiya nyumba zawo kukafunafuna moyo wabwino kunja kwa dzikolo. Pa Hussein, Danilo Un, ndipo Purezidenti adakakamizidwa kuti apange zovuta zamafuta.
Nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Saddam imalumikizidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana kusiyanitsa. Enanso amakhala odzikuza kuti anali wolamulira wa anthu Anzake, ena, m'malo mwake, amatsutsa Purezidenti chifukwa cha nkhanza, ndipo wachitatu ndi kunyumba.
Kuopsa Kwa US
Mu 2003, United States United mu mgwirizano ndi atsogoleri adziko kuti agwetse mphamvu ya Saddam Hussein ku Iraq. Asitikali ankhondo adapangidwa bungwe, lomwe lidatenga zaka zingapo (2003-2011).
Zifukwa zowukira za Asitikali aku America kupita ku gawo la Iraq limatha kutchedwa zotsatirazi:
- Kulumikizana kwa Iraq ndi zigawenga zapadziko lonse lapansi.
- Kuwonongedwa kwa zida zamankhwala (fakitale kunagwira ntchito ku Iraq).
- Kuwongolera pamafuta akomwe.
Purezidenti wa Iraq adakakamizidwa kuti azitha kuthamanga ndikubisala maola atatu aliwonse m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma mu 2004 adapezeka ku Tomtown of Takit ndikumangidwa. M'magawo a Khoti ku Baghdad m'dera lomwe magulu ankhondo a United States anali, a Asurin adaperekedwa ndi milandu yambiri: Njira za Armichelovic za boma, ziwawa zankhondo, ndikupha a Shiites, etc.
Moyo Wanu
Saddam Hussein anali atakwatirana kanayi. Zosankha zake choyamba ndi mtsikanayo dzina lake Sadhid, amene anayenera kukhala wolamulira ndi msuwani. Anabereka Ansembe Ansembe aakazi: ana amuna awiri (adus ndi kuluma) ndi ana aakazi atatu (Ragad, Halu ndi bala). Mgwirizanowu unakonzedwa ndi makolo a okwatirana pomwe Hussein anali ndi zaka zisanu zokha. Chikondwerero cha ana onse ndi mdzukulu wa mdzukulu wa Purezidenti wakale wa Iraq anali m'opsema (kuphedwa).
Ukwati wachiwiri wa olengeza unachitika mu 1988. Kuchitapo kanthu ndipo kunagwira munthu kunakondana ndi mkazi wa mkulu wa woyang'anira ndege. Anatifotokozeranso mwamuna wa wokondedwa wake kuletsa mkazi wake mwamtendere. Zidachitika.
Mu 1990, Hussein adakwatirana kachitatu. Nyumba yake inali mayi wina dzina lake Nidal Al-Hamdani, koma sanathe kusunga umunthu wobisalira m'banja.
Mu 2002, "tate wa anthu" amavalanso. Panthawiyi, mwana wamkazi wazaka 27 wa mtumiki - IMAN HUSAH anakhala chikondi chake. Munthawi imeneyi, madandaulo amayamba ndi United States, choncho, amalemba kuti wokondedwa wake sanali. Mwambowo unachitikira mgulu la chete.
Za chikondi cha Chikondi cha Wolamulira wa Iraqi amapita nthano. Amati atsikana omwe anakana kutsatira Purezidenti mwa kugwirizana, unagwiriridwa ndi kuphedwa. M'mbiri ya moyo wamunthu wa munthu wotsutsana, mayi wina dzina lake Mancia Kingo adadziwika. Ananenanso kuti ukwati wawo wapabanja utakhala kwa zaka 17, koma Hussein anafunsa kuti azigwirizana pachinsinsi. Palinso azimayi ena omwe adalengeza kuti ali ndi ana ochokera ku Saddam, koma tsopano ndizovuta kutsimikizira.
Magulu a Hussein nthawi zonse amamuwona ngati mkazi wovomerezeka yekha wokha, ngakhale kuti amakonda kuchita zosangalatsa komanso "maukwati olingalira" za mnzake.
Imfa
Mu 2006, a Eliam waku Iraq adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Pa Disembala 30, adatengedwa kuti aphedwe. Asanatsuke a Hussein asanaphedwe, adasokonezedwa ndi zipongwe zosiyanasiyana ndikumalavulira alonda a Shiitov. Saddam anayesa kutsutsa, akukhulupirira kuti akufuna kupulumutsa dzikolo, koma mphindi zomaliza anali ndi PRII ndipo adayamba kupemphera.
Husses sanavutike nthawi yayitali, imfa yake inali nthawi yomweyo. Cholinga chowopsacho chidatha kuwombera pa kanemayo kuchokera pafoni yekha kuchokera pa alonda (pali zithunzi), kotero kuphedwa kwa mbiri yabwino kwambiri kunawona dziko lonse lapansi. Ofalitsa nkhaniyo adatembenuzidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Iraq kukhala wonyoza, wozunza wokhazikika, poyang'ana zoyipa, yemwe amayenera kumenya nkhondo.
Atamwalira, mphekesera zimawoneka kuti palibe kuphedwa, ndipo Saddam ali moyo. Ananenanso kuti Hussein adamwaliranso mu 1999, ndipo mmalo kwa iye mdzikolo, mapepala amapasa, omwe sakanakhoza kubweretsa dziko kuti achotse nkhondoyi ndikugonjetsa nkhondoyi. Pamutu uno buku la Latif Yahai, yemwe kale Irai Kombat, wotsogolera Lee Takamari mu 2011, adasenda kanema wotchedwa "Mdyerekezi pawiri".