Chiphunzitso
Fraracco Operarch ndi ndakatulo ya ku Italy ya zaka za zana la 14, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kwa anthu. Poganizira aningirika wa amonke-monk Varlanaam Kalabrichy, adatenga gawo lalikulu ku Italiyan Pratanen ndikukhala ndakatulo za Mibadwo Yapakati.
Francesco Petol adabadwira ku ASZO PA JULY 20, 1304. Bambo ake adakhala piriti, loya wa Florenine yemwe adachotsedwa ku Florence nthawi yomweyo monga Dang'ala, kuti athandizire paphwando "loyera". Parennzo anali ndi dzina loti petrakko - mwina chifukwa cha izi zidapangidwa ndi ndakatulo. Banja la parenzo linasamukira ku mzinda wina tuscany kupita ku lina, ndipo Francesca adapeza zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, atakhazikika ku France avign. Pambuyo pake, amayi a Petrarca adasamukira kumzinda wapafupi wa Cartra.
Ku Avignon, mnyamatayo adayamba kupita ku sukulu, adaphunzira chilankhulo cha Latin ndipo adayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi ntchito za mabuku aku Roma. Mu 1319, Francesco adamaliza sukulu, pambuyo pake bambowo adalangiza kuti aphunzire bwino. Ngakhale kuti thandizo la Frances silinakhale pafupi ndi Francesco, mnyamatayo anachita chifuniro cha Atate, kulembetsa ku Montpellier, ndipo posakhalitsa - ndi yunivesite ya Bologna. Mu 1326, bambo a Perrarki adamwalira, ndipo mnyamatayu adazindikira kuti olemba nkhani yapamwamba amasangalala kwambiri ndi machitidwe alamulo.
Cholowa Chokhacho chomwe Francesco adalandira pambuyo pa imfa ya abambo ake ndi zolemba pamanja za veril. Pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma, mbali zina chifukwa chofunitsitsa maphunziro auzimu, atamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya Petrarca adaganiza zokhala ndi unsembe. Atafika pakhothi la padutsa ku Kinggnon nakhala pafupi ndi nthumwi za banja lovomerezeka la mzati (Jakomo Column - mnzake kuyambira nthawi yophunzira kuyunivesite).
Mu 1327, Francenko adayamba kuona Laura De lake Deara de, chikondi chomwe chinamupangitsa kuti amulembetse ndakatulo yomwe imawerengedwa ndi maluso omwe ali pamwamba pa zowawa za ku Italy.
Chilengedwa
Petrrorta inali kutchuka kwakukulu kwa setrarca, wolembedwa ku Chitaliyana. Gawo lochulukirapo limaperekedwa kwa owongolera atsopano (ngakhale dzina lake lonse akadali chinsinsi, ndipo Laura de watsopano ndi amene ali mgulu loyenera kwambiri pankhani yaintaneti). Wolemba ndakatulo yemwe yekhayo amapereka wokondedwa yemwe dzina lake ndi Laura, yemwe adawona koyamba pa Epulo 6, 1327 kutchalitchi cha Santa Chiara, ndipo kuti pa April 6, 1348, mkazi uyu adamwalira. Laura Francesco adatsutsa chikondi ichi kwa zaka khumi.
Kusonkhanitsa kwa Kanchon ndi Sonnes Operekedwa kwa Laurea kumatchedwa "II Canzoniere" kapena "rome yochepa". Zosonkhanitsa zimakhala ndi magawo awiri. Ngakhale ntchito zambiri zomwe zidalowetsedwa zimalongosola chikondi cha ma perralks pamtengo, mu "Chancellier" Panali malo angapo a zomwe zachitika: zachipembedzo ndi ndale. Ngakhale chiyambi cha zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri, zoperekazi zidasindikizidwa nthawi zopitilira mazana awiri. Ndemanga za zokambirana zomwe zili mu "Zampando" adalemba ndakatulo ndi asayansi ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana, pozindikira kufunikira komwe kulibe mabuku a ku Francescon ndi padziko lonse.
Ndizachilendo kuti serarch mwiniyo sanamve bwino kwambiri ndi ndakatulo yake ya ku Italy. Ngakhale kuti ndi ndakatulo yomwe idateteza anthu, ndipo poyamba peterqueque adadziyerekeza yekha ndikudziwika kuti ndi zokongola komanso zamimba zomwe zimamuthandiza kuchepetsa moyo. Koma kukhazikika kwawo ndi kuwongolera kwawo kudagwera kukoma kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo zotsatira zake, ntchito izi zinakhudza anthu a m'nthawi ya angoras ndi olemba mibadwo yotsatira.
Ndakatulo yolankhula Chitaliyana ndi dzina la anthu akuti "fakasolo" limazindikira kuti limadziwikanso kwambiri. Mmenemo, wolemba mothandizidwa ndi wotchukayo akusimba za chigonjetso: Chikondi chimagonjetsa munthu, Chidwi - Chikondi - Imfa, Imfa, ndipo, Usiku Umapambana Nthawi.
Sonoly Sounnets, Mtalyn, Madrigals Francesco adakhumudwitsa ndakatulo, komanso nyimbo. Opanga XIV (pomwe rebarberting amatenga), kenako nduna ya XIX inaika mavesi awa ngati maziko a ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Ferenc Teat adalemba "Petrolks" ya piano motsogozedwa ndi ndakatulo yodzipereka yodzipereka.
Mabuku pa Chilatini
Kugwira ntchito yayikulu ya Francesco, omwe adalembedwa m'chinenerochi akuphatikiza mabuku otsatirawa:
- Autobigraphy "EPistola Ad Pipros" m'makalata a mibadwo yamtsogolo. Mu chilengedwe ichi, Peterka akunena mbiri ya moyo wake kuchokera kunja (nkhani za zochitika zazikuluzikulu za moyo wake).
- Autobigraphy "De Yake Andi", yomwe imamasuliridwa ngati "kunyoza dziko lapansi." Wolemba ntchito iyi adalemba mu mtundu wa zokambirana ndi chisangalalo. Chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha wolemba ndakatulo sichikunena zambiri zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe akunja za moyo wake, kuchuluka kwake kwamkati, kulimbana pakati pa zikhumbo za munthu komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa, ndi zina zambiri. Kukambirana ndi Augustine kumayamika kwachilendo pakati pa anthu okonda anthu komanso achisangalalo, momwe anthu amapambana.
- Kuyendera (zolankhula zobwezera zobwezeredwa) pokhudzana ndi oyimira zikhalidwe, andale, achipembedzo. Peterrach anali m'modzi ndipo ziwerengero zoyambirira zolenga zoyambirira zimatha kuyang'ana mawuwo, ziphunzitso komanso kukhudzidwa kwamakono ku malingaliro ovuta. Chifukwa chake, wofufuzawo wotsutsana ndi dokotala, yemwe adawona kuti sayansi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa luso ndi ndakatulo. Komanso, Francesco adauza zigawenga zingapo zaku French (nthumwi za atsogoleri achikatolika okwera kwambiri), otsatira a Areverpofical Chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino cha nthano za XIII), asayansi aku Roma zaka zapitazo, ndi zina zambiri.
- "Makalata Opanda ma adilesi" - amagwira ntchito momwe wolemba amatsutsa molimba mtima za chikhalidwe cha Roma XOV. Petrairka, pa moyo wake, anali achikatolika chozama, koma sanasamale sansa apamwamba auzimu, omwe machitidwe awo amaganiza kuti osavomerezeka, ndipo sanachite manyazi kuwadzudzula momasuka. "Makalata Opanda ma adilesi" amayankhidwa kwa zilembo zopangidwa, ndiye kuti anthu enieni. Malingaliro olemba amalemba mu mtundu wa Francesco motere adabwereka ku Cichero ndi Seneki.
- "Africa" ndi ndakatulo ya epic yodzipereka ku Scypion Feats. Mulinso mapemphero ndi mapemphero owopa.
Moyo Wanu
Kukonda moyo wonse kwa anthu wamba kunali Laura, umunthu womwe sunakhazikitsidwe. Pambuyo pa msonkhano ndi mtsikana uyu, wolemba ndakatulo kwa zaka zitatu adakhala ku Avignon, ndikuyembekeza kuti andiyang'anire mwachisawawa mu mpingo. Mu 1330, wolemba ndakatuloyo anasamukira ku Nt'lobe, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri anagula malo a nyimbo kuti akhale pafupi ndi Laura. Atalandira San San, Perrarch sanakhale ndi ufulu kukwatiwa, koma sanachite zolumikizana ndi akazi ena. Nkhaniyi imanena kuti Perrarch inali ndi mwana wina wowonjezerapo.
Laura wokha, zikuwoneka kuti, anali mkazi wokwatiwa, wokhulupirika kwa mkazi wake ndi amake a ana khumi ndi chimodzi. Nthawi yotsiriza wolemba ndakatulo adawona wokondedwa pa Seputemba 27, 1347, ndipo mu 1348 mkazi adamwalira.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa sizikudziwika, koma olemba mbiri amakhulupirira kuti zitha kukhala mliri, chifukwa ndi gawo liti la kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Laura amatha kufa chifukwa chotopa chifukwa cha mtundu wa pafupipafupi, komanso chifuwa chachikulu. Sizikudziwika ngati zigawo zomwe ananena pankhani ya malingaliro, ndipo Aaura amadziwa za kukhalako kwake.
Olemba ndakatulo adawona kuti ngati Laura adakhala mkazi wovomerezeka, sakanatha kulemba zokongola zambiri za ulemu wake. Mwachitsanzo, Byron, Karamzin, komanso ndakatulo ya Soviet igor Guberman adalankhula izi. Malingaliro awo, ndiye kutali kwa wokondedwayo, kulephera kukhala ndi iye kuloledwa setrarca kuti alembe ntchito zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mabuku onse padziko lonse lapansi.
Imfa
Moyo wa Matarch, adayesedwa ndi anthu, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, adalandira zoitanira ku kuwongolera kwa laurel wa waterles, Paris ndi Roma (pafupifupi nthawi imodzi). Wolemba ndakatulo anasankha Roma, komwe Ventan anali wreath ya Laurel pa capitol mu Isitara 1341. Mpaka 1353, adakhala mu malo ake ku Chigwa, nthawi zonse amamusiya kuti ayende kapena kulalikila.
Kuchoka kwanthawi yayitali kumayambiriro kwa ma 1350, Francesco adaganiza zokhazikika ku Milan, ngakhale adapatsidwa ntchito ku dipatimenti ya Florence. Kukhazikitsa kubwalo la ma visconti, adayamba kuphedwa kwa macheza.
Pambuyo pake, wolemba ndakatulo anafuna kubwerera ku ndege yake yakale, koma maubale olimbikitsidwa ndi mabanja ovomerezeka aku Italy adamuletsa kuti achite. Zotsatira zake, adasamukira ku Venice ndikukhazikika pafupi ndi banja la mwana wake wapathengo.
Koma apa Petrarka sanakhale kwa nthawi yayitali: adayenda m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ku Italiya, ndipo m'miyezi yaposachedwa anali m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Arkava. Kumeneko ndakatuloyo idamwalira usiku kuyambira Julayi 18 mpaka pa Julayi 19, 1374, pomwe adasiya zaka 70 kungokhala tsiku limodzi lokha. Nkhaniyi ikunena kuti Francesco idapita kudziko lapansi patebulo, atakhala pa ntchito ya Kaisara yokhala ndi cholembera. Anaikidwa m'manda akomweko.
M'bali
- Buku la Nyimbo
- Akhali
- Za kunyoza dziko lapansi
- Buku la Amuna Otchuka
- Kalata kwa mbadwa
- Zilembo zopanda adilesi
- Nyimbo za BONOCL
- Masalimo