Chiphunzitso
Alexandra Mikhailovna Kulreandtai - anthu osinthira anthu achifundo cha boma, kazembe wa USSR ku Scandinavia ndi Mexico.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexandra adabadwa pa Marichi 19, 1872 ku St. Petersburg m'banja la General Ochokera ku Mikhaverr Mikhaevich Dokseovich Dontovich, Makraineans mwa Kuchokera. Alexandra Bame adachita nawo ntchito yankhondo yokhudza Hungary, adadzipatula mu nkhondo ya boma. Mikhail Alekseevich anali ndi gulu lankhondo, analemba kuti agwire ntchito yankhondo, chaka chomwe amatumikirapo ngati kazembe wa chigawo cha Tarnov.
Mayi a Kutembenukira Kwa Mtsogolo Alexander Masilina-Mravinskaya, anali wocheperako kuposa mwamuna wake, koma anali kale ukwati woyamba wamapewa ake. Kuchokera ku mgwirizano wakale, anali ndi mwana wamkazi Eugene Mravinskaya, wotchuka chifukwa cha woimba wa Opera. Agogo ali pa mzere wa amayi, kukhala ndi mizu yanja, adapanga kampani yodula mitengo, yomwe ndi yolemera.
Shura adabadwa pomwe abambo ake anali kale ndi zaka 42, kotero ndi Mikhail Alekseevich, anali ndi maubwenzi ofunda. General adasiya mwana wamkazi chikondi wachikondi, kufufuza, ndale. Kuyang'ana kwa Atate, mtsikanayo anaphunzira kuganiza mopepuka. Makolo amasamalira maphunziro abwino kwambiri kunyumba kwa mwana wake wamkazi. Pofika kumapeto kwa sukulu, Shura anali kufotokoza momasuka ku French, Chingerezi, Chiwerengero, Chifinishi, Chiswidi ndi Chijeremani.
Ali ndi zaka 16, Alexander anamaliza mayeso ofunikira kunja ndipo adalandira dipuloma yolamulira. AMAYI AMASINTHA ZABWINO OTHANDIZA UTHENGA WABWINO KWAMBIRI, ndipo mtsikanayo adachita chidwi ndi utoto. Kuphatikiza pa makalasi a kulenga, mayi wachichepere adapita kumipira, momwe, malinga ndi makolo, adapeza mkwati wabwino. Koma wamkulu wa Alexander sanafune kukwatiwa ndi malowo, ngakhale anali kusangalala ndi oimira apamwamba kwambiri.
Cha m'ma 1990, Alexander adachita chidwi ndi mayendedwe oyenda, mtsikanayo akumvera chisoni malingaliro ndi malingaliro otembenuka kuyambira ali mwana, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Mphunzitsi M. I. Inshuwaransi. Atatha Alexander, pafupifupi zolimbana ndi zofuna za makolowo adakwatirana ndi wachibale wakutali, Vladimir Kolllloktaya ndi kuchoka mnyumbamo, mtsikanayo adadzimva. Mtsikanayo anayamba kutha pa zobisika zomwe mnzake watsopano wa Elena Dmitrievna Stasov, bwenzi loyandikira la ziyembekezo za Krumpkaya ndi Vladimir Ullyayav.
Alexandra koslondtty adapatsidwa mthenga. Mtsikanayo adaikapo moyo ndi dzina, akupita ku makola osaka omwe amaletsedwa ndi mabuku. Kukhulupirirana kwa chisinthiko mwachangu kunagwira mayi wachinyamata, ndipo anasiya ntchito yake yonse. Munthawi yake yaulere, kollindtai adaphunzira lenin ndi Marx.
Mu 1898, Alexander amathetsedwa posamukira kudziko lina, yomwe imasokoneza banja lake. Ku Switzerland, kusinthana kwakukulu kumabwera ku University, mlangizi wake amasaka pulofesa Heinrich gencner, zachiwerewere zachuma. Amalimbikitsa kuti wophunzira waluso apite ku England kuti apite ku England kusukulu ya ku London ya atsogoleri achuma ndi ogwira ntchito a Sydney ndi Beatrice Webibi.
Kubwerera kwa zaka ziwiri ku Russia, Alexander amakhala membala wa gulu la demokalase wa Russia. Malinga ndi gulu la chipani, Revolutary amatumizidwanso kudziko lina, komwe mwambo wina wofunika unachitika kwa Alexandra. Mu 1901, ku Geneva, anakumana ndi nthano yakale ku Russia kukalanda Georgeenov.
Kusintha
Mu 1903, ku II Congress ya Rsdrp, kugawanika pakati pa mamembala atatu kunawonekera, chifukwa cha mapiko awiri omwe adapangidwa: Bolshevinks ndi Vladimir Lenin pamutu ndi a Mensheviks, yemwe Julius Martin adapitako. Phwando la Menshevik limaphatikizapo Sedkhanov ndi Collatai. Koma patatha zaka 11, Alesandro adasintha malingaliro ake ndikuyimirira pansi pa mapiko a Bolshevik.Pa kusintha koyamba kwa chaka cha 1905, komwe kunagonjetsedwa, kalauni anathandizanso azimayi ogwirira ntchito, kufalitsa kabuku ka Chifinisi ndi Social. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kwa matembenuzidwe, kuthawa kuzunzidwa ndi kutanthauza, kusintha kumeneku kunali kukabisa kwina. Kollindtai sakhala pamalo amodzi, amalimbana ndi ma Democtorats Denclat, Sweden, Finland, Freat Britain, France, France, France, France.
Ku Germany, Alexandra amayang'anira kupanga abwenzi ndi atsogoleri a phwando la chikomyunizimu ndi Rosa Luxembourg ndi Karl Liabknecht. Matembenuzidwe amathandiza kusamukira ndi mnzake ku Sweden pamene Germany adalengeza chiyambi cha nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
Pambuyo pakuchotsedwa kwa kusintha kwa chisinthiko kuchokera ku stockholm kumapita ku Denmark. Kuyambira pano, Collitai amaliza ndi Bolsheviks.
Pokhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi luntha la Chijeremani ndikupeza ndalama zopanda malire, bollsheviks amakhala atsogoleri ochita kusintha kwa 1917 ku Russia. Koma boma lakanthawi litatha zochitika za February zithandizire kuti Alexxander ku Espionage m'malo mwa Germany.
Ku Abinesia, ku VI Congress ya chipanichi, Collantai imayamba mwa Komiti yapakati. Wogwira ntchito wolimba mtima adakhala mkazi woyamba m'thupi la olamulira, pamodzi ndi Stalin, Sverday, Shingzhinsky, Chinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin.
Lenin, amenenso amatsatiridwa ndi boma lanthawili, pakadali pano kubisala nyumba zachinsinsi. Pofika nthawi yophukira, Collantai adasiya kale ndendeyo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali kumisonkhano yaphwandopo, pomwe lingaliro lokhalamo lidapangidwa.
Kusintha kwachitika pa Okutobala 25, ndipo kwa masiku awiri thupi lalikulu lamphamvu limapangidwa - Council of State, momwe kollindtai amapatsidwa malo osokoneza bongo a Mer. M'malo mwake, uku ndi udindo wa mtumiki pomwe wosinthiratu adasiya chiyambi cha chisupe cha 1918.
Kazembe wa USSR
Mu 1922, Soviet Union idapangidwa. Mnyamatayo akufunika kulengeza kwadziko lapansi, kuti anthu omwe ali ndi luso lakunja ndipo kulumikizana ndi demokalase ya boma ya ku Europe kudasankhidwa kukhala zilonda. Alexander Kollontai popempha kuti apemphe boma kuti asankhe kazembeyo. "Valkyrie Revolution" imatumizidwa ku Norway, komwe kumafuna kuvomerezedwa ndale kwa USSR, yofanana ndikugulitsa maulendo ogulitsa pakati pa mayiko.
Mu 1926, kollindtai adasankha nthumwi ya Union ku Mexico, koma, osakonza nyengo yotentha, yomwe imasokoneza ntchito ya mtima, Alexander amamasuliranso ku Oslo.
Kuyambira mu 1930 mpaka 1945, pokhala woimira usssr ku Sweden, kollindtai amapanga chigonjetso chigoba. Alexander Mikhailovna, pakukambirana, amathetsa kuyambitsa magulu asitikali aku Sweden ku gawo la kampeni ya ku Finland, ndipo mu 1944, kollindtai adalimbikitsa kukwezedwa kwa ankhondo a Soviet kulowa Gawo la Europe.
Maubwenzi onse azandale omwe ali ndi anthu aku Scandinavia omwe anali m'manja mwa mkazi wolimba mtima, motero Stalin sanamukhudze pakali pandale kuyeretsa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtsogoleri wa mitundu ya anthu anali a chitukuko choseketsa ndi nthabwala, osazindikira kuti ndi mdani wamkulu, yemwe amangomugwera. Nawonso, Alexander Mikhailovna anathandiza kwambiri a Joseph Vissarsovich.
Moyo Wanu
Alexandra Kollindtaii, monga chisinthiko chowona, pofuna kuchita bwino kwambiri ndi ufulu woyenda mpaka kumapeto, kotero mutu wa chikondi chaulere unali wofunikira kwa iye ndi zaka. Adakali aang'ono kwambiri, Alexander adanenanso za mglero, yemwe adadzakhala wachibale wakutali wa Kolsantai. Makolo munjira iliyonse amapewa ukwati, komanso amuna olemera komanso olemera, monga General Ivan Tuolomirov, adapereka m'manja. Koma chifuniro cha mtsikanayo sanachite bwino kwa aliyense.Ukwati unachitika mu 1893, ndipo mu chaka chimodzi mwana wa Misha adabadwa m'banja. Zowonjezera kuyambira kuwonongeka kwa ana sikunali. Nyamulani Kuyang'aniridwa ndi Kholo, Alexander amayamba kuchitira zisinthidwe kuposa kuwononga banja. Mu 1898, mayi wachichepere aganiza zothawira ku Europe ndikusiya mwamuna wake ndi mwana wake kwamuyaya. Ukwati pakati pa Alexander ndi Vladimir adathetsedwa mu 1916, koma dzina lake Revolionale sanasinthe.
Atakhala mkazi waufulu, kollindtai adalowa zachikondi zingapo, zazitali komanso zazitali. Amuna ake adakhala andale otchuka pansi pake, popeza Alexander iyemwini amawoneka wocheperako kuposa m'badwo wake.
M'moyo wa ku Kollindtai adalengeza kuti "chiphunzitso chamadzi madzi", chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa chifukwa chikondi chimayenera kupatsidwa kwa aliyense amene amazifuna. Collantai sanali wolemba bukuli, koma ndi zokongoletsera zokha. Kwa nthawi yayitali, "Valkyrie of the Syvolution" adakumana ndi Alexander Gavrilovich Hanikov, yemwe kale anali mnzake wa Lenin.
Koma mu 1917, tsoka la Phula la Shute ndi wosinthira payekha lavel dvel dybenko, amene ku Kollindtai adakwatirana. Kulemba ukwati kugwa ndi Surubenko adakhala woyamba m'buku laakaunti kwa ntchito zaboma. Maubwenzi sanakhale nthawi yayitali, nthawi ino chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika kwa Paulo. Zinali zodabwitsa, chifukwa asitikaliwo anali m'manja mwa mkazi wake kwa zaka 17. Chifukwa chake, mu 1922, Alexander amawotcha milatho ndi masamba.
Ku Norway, kusinthasintha kumadziwana ndi matebulo a ku French Yakovlevich. Koma maboma a Soviet adalowererapo mu ubale wa kazembeyo ndi wachinyamata wachi Frenchman, ndipo banjali lidagawika.
Pamapeto pa 20s, a Alexander Mikhalovna amakumbukira Mwana, yemwe kwenikweni adaleredwa ndi mkazi wachilendo, mkazi wachiwiri wa Vladimir Kordond Kond. Kusintha kwa Mikha kumabwera koyambirira kwa chizindikiro cha Berlin, kenako ku USCR HAMSASY ku London ndi Stockholm. Collaga imasamalira mdzukulu wa Vladimir, yemwe adabadwa mu 1927.
Imfa
Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko lapansi silingathe kuyimirira, ndipo anali ndi sitiroko. Pakadali pano, mbiri yandale ya ku Alexandra Mikhailovna, monga munthu wakuimba, adatha. Pakati pa Marichi 1945, kazembeyo adaperekedwa chifukwa cha malire kupita ku Moscow, komwe kukonzanso kunayambira.
Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ku Ollindtai adamangidwa pa njinga ya olumala ndipo amakhala m'chipinda chake m'chipinda chake chaching'ono ku Kaluga. Kulumala pang'ono kwa thupi sikunasokoneze Alexander Mikhailovna kuti akwaniritse ntchito za mlangizi pazokambirana zakunja: Utumiki wakunja unali wofunika. Callock adamwalira pa Marichi 9, 1952 kuchokera ku zovuta za mtima, zomwe zidachitika m'maloto. Manda a Revoluse anali ndi manda a Novoodvichy.