Mbiri Yodziwika
Pali ntchito zolembalemba zomwe zimawonetsa mzimu wabwinoko kuposa mababu a mbiri yakale. M'ndandanda wotere, mutha kupanga "Jane Air" Charlote "Miguel de Services," Nkhondo "ya Leo Tolstoy, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa New Testancic kupita kudziko lapansi kuchokera ku Goethe.
Zowonadi, tsoka lodabwitsa ndi la Gothic lomwe lidazindikira unyinji wa mafani padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mayina a ngwazi adasankhidwa. Ku Russia, kumasulira kwa ntchito ya rrlock, komwe kudapangidwira pafupifupi zaka 60, kudapangidwa ku Boris Parternak, Valery Bryasov, Nikolay Fersovsky ndi nthumwi zina za Diaspora.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamavuto omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi Mikail Bulgakov, omwe adabwereka chiwembu chofuna kupanga "mbuye ndi margarita". Ngakhale wolemba "wagalu mtima" yemwe anali kunena kuti Voland alibe ma prototypes, ofufuza amavomereza kuti satana ndi wofanana ndi "gawo la mphamvu zomwe nthawi zonse amafuna" - Mefistohel.
Mbiri Yolengedwa
Wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa Germany Johann Wolfgang Goethe "Faost" pafupifupi moyo wake pafupifupi, kotero owerenga ndi "namondwe ndi njira yolumikizidwa zachikondi.
Ntchitoyi, yomwe idabweretsa ulemu wa Goethe, womwe Mlembi adauzidwa adakalambabe zaka 22-23, ndipo adatsiriza kuchokera kwa iye asanasaphe. Inde, wolemba ali ndi ntchito zina zabwino zomwe zidapanga cholowa chakale, koma chinali "fati" lomwe lidakhala pamwamba pa ndakatulo yaku Germany.
Wizard adauzidwa ndi Akale; Malinga ndi nthano, matupi anali ndi purototype, yomwe idakhala m'zaka za zana loyamba. Yesetsani Gehashan Faist ndi dokotala wogwidwa ndi Nkhondo, yemwe kachilomboka wake wakhala mutu wowotchera malembawo.
Chifukwa chake, Goeta si woyimira pa zonse, chifukwa ntchito yotchedwa "nkhani zonena za dokotala Johanne Fauste, wotchuka ndi Wotchuka" wabwerera mu 1587. Kuphatikiza apo, Jacob Michael Lenz, Friorrich Maxililian Kirnar ndi olemba ena, komanso ziwerengero zina, komanso ziwerengerozi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngwazi ya pantomim ndi zidole zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malinga ndi nthano, mawonekedwe achichepere adalandira digiri ya Bachelor mu zamulungu, kenako adayamba kuphunzira "matsenga" othandiza "ku yunivesite ya Krakow. A Johann atamva za "sayansi" ya Aza "adapita kumadzulo, komwe adadzipereka yekha kwa amatsenga pamaso pa anthu osokoneza bongo ndipo adanenanso kuti amatha kupanga zodabwitsa za Yesu Khristu, komanso Pobwezeretsa ntchito za kuzindikira kwake kwa anzeru za anzeru akale, plato kapena Aristotle.
Ndizachilengedwe kuti olamulira sanakonde kuchitika kwa Johann, yemwe adakhazikitsa pazaka zonse zamkhutu. Chifukwa chake, posakhalitsa anatumizidwa ku Ingoledt, kenako akuluakulu, atsogoleri a Nuremberg, adaletsedwa ndi "Sodomit ndi Necromancer kunyumba yoipa" alowe m'deralo la mzindawo. Gota sanathe kuthandiza koma kulimbikitsa utoto wotere, koma pamasamba olemba omwe amatchedwa Henry wamkulu, osati dzina la dzina lake.
Mu 1774 mpaka 1775, goweast ", oyimira owerenga omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, omwe akufuna kuti abweze chinsinsi cha chilengedwe. Mu 1790, madera a mashopuwo adawona "Fausda", ndipo gawo loyamba lidasindikizidwa mu 1808. Gawo loyamba la tsoka limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe komanso kudzikwanira, pomwe kapangidwe ka yachiwiri ndi gawo limodzi.
Mwachitsanzo, gawo lachiwiri la ngoziyi, goethe adayamba zaka 17 pambuyo pake. Ndikofunikira kunena kuti ndizovuta kudziwa kuti owerenga osakonzekera, chifukwa goehe akupikisana mabuku osati malo omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chochepa, mayanjano okhazikika. Wolemba ndakatulo akuwonetsa "omvera" moyo wa anthu amakono kwa iye. Chifukwa chake, mwini wake wa bukulo amamva kulumikizana pakati pa zomwe zilipo komanso zakale.
Nkhani ya Elena, yomwe inali kuganizira mmenemo mu 1799, idamalizidwa ndi vesi mu 1826, ndipo patatha zaka zinayi, Goethe adakhala kuti alembe "walpurgian usiku". Pakati pa chilimwe cha 1831, atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, wolemba adamaliza ntchito yake yofunika. Kenako, anzeru osawerengeka adasindikizidwa chifukwa cha envelopu ndikukhomedwa kuti asindikize: gawo lachiwiri la "Fausda" lidawona Kuwalako mu 1832, m'mbuyomu "zophatikiza".
Chithunzi ndi chiwembu
Bizinesi yopeka ya zopeka zimaphimbidwa ndi halo ya chinsinsi. Amadziwika kuti moyo wake wonse ndi kafukufuku wopanda nkhawa. Bambo wa munthu wamkulu anali dokotala yemwe adachoka ku Siblos ku chikondi chopanda sayansi.
Ngakhale machiritso a machiritso, kholo limalephera kupulumutsa odwala onse. M'miliri ya mliri, odwala masauzande ambiri anamwalira tsiku lililonse. Kenako matope anatembenukira ndi pemphero kumwamba, kuti Mulungu aletse Imfa. Koma popeza wachinyamatayo sanadikire thandizo, anakana chipembedzo ndipo anayamba kulowa mu sayansi. Ngati mungayang'ane m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito, mutha kuzindikira nyaleyo, magalasi agalasi, machubu oyesa, mabuku ndi mankhwala.
Ndi faitoto, wolemba amayambitsa owerenga pamasamba oyamba a ntchitoyi. A Seethe anakhalabe owerenga zanzeru, kuti akhale ndi mikhalidwe ya zikhalidwe zamunthu ndipo amawona mavuto a "kumwamba, dziko lapansi ndi hade". Chochitika choyamba, angelo akulu, Mefitofel ndi Mulungu amawonekera. Kukambirana pakati pa oimira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zabwino ndi zoyipa, komwe dzina la Fait lidatchulidwa koyamba.
Olamulira akumwamba akutsimikizira Woyesayo yemwe adokotala ndi kapolo wokhulupirika, ndipo Mefistofel akuona kuti Ngwazi zotsutsana za ngwazi zikuwonetsa bwanji:
"Ndipo atuluka kunkhondo, ndipo amakonda kutenga zopinga, ndipo akuwona cholinga chofunafuna, ndi zofuna za nyenyezi zomwe zili mphoto ndi zokondweretsa zabwino kwambiri - padziko lapansi."Kenako Mulungu anapatsa kwa Kefasvo mwapa mwayi woyesa kukoka, akukhulupirira kuti kupembedza kwa wachinyamata kumamutulutsa. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti woyesayo akumana ndi adotolo akamapereka kale njira yake yolimba.
Mzimu woipa uja unabwera kumudzi ndiye pamene anali kulingalira za kudzipha, chifukwa kunakhumudwitsidwa m'ntchito zake. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Mefistoheel, monga momwemora, sikuti konse ofanana ndi mzere kuchokera ku nthano zang'ombe. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito ya Nikolai Gogol "usiku pamaso pa Khrisimasi", mwini nyanga ndi zibowo sakuyeretsa ndipo sakuwoneka kuti akuwerenga kukhazikika koyipa.
Mephistofel, amene akufuna kutuluka mu kubetcha, kumakangana ndi zoyipa, koma mosayembekezereka payekha mu "mphindi zoyesa" tsegulani maphwando abwino. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chitsutsapo chimafotokoza kuti kudziwana kwake kwatsopano ndikupita ku cabac komweko kwa phwando la ophunzira. Mdyerekezi akuyembekeza kuti chiwombacho chidzakhazikitsa nthawi yake pagulu la zakumwa zotentha ndipo sadzasamalira kafukufuku wake, koma sizikhala zophweka kusweka, chifukwa ngwazi iyi savomereza gulu la Fens Fens oledzera.
Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi wachiwembu wa ufiti, mdierekezi amabwereranso kwa achinyamata kuti ayembekezere kuti primagonipist imapereka chisamaliro cha chikondi. Zowonadi, adotolo amakonda kukonda kwambiri Margarita, koma apa Mefitafel adagonjetsedwa, chifukwa chilakolako ichi chimasinthidwa ndi chikondi chenicheni.
Kutchinga
Tsoka Lokhudza Kulimbana kwa zabwino ndi zoyipa zidakhala mutu womwewo wa otsogolera, motero a Kinomans adawona kutali ndi imodzi kuchokera kutali ndi imodzi yodziwika ya "famu" yotchuka. Timalemba zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.
Fask (1926)
Wotsogolera filimu ya Germany Frientrich Wilhelm Morrnau adauziridwa ndi nthano yaku Germany ndikugonjera pagulu. Chiwembu cha filimuyo sichosiyana kwambiri ndi choyambirira: Mngelo wamkulu Mikhael ndi satana, yemwe amadzitayika padziko lapansi, amaliza kubetcha, yemwe ndi wa Bekemist wodziwika bwino kwambiri.
Ndizachilendo kuti mafilimu osungirako mafilimu anali osazikira osati ntchito ya goethe, komanso polenga wolemba wina, ndakatulo ya Chingerezi Chlopher Chlo. Maudindo akuluakulu adapita kwa ochita za nthiwa ku Emily Mkulu (Faily) ndi manyuchi (mephofestofhel).
"Kukongola kwa Mdyerekezi" (1950)
A French Rene Claire adachotsa makanema otengera tsoka la Meswe, kupereka njira yoyambirira ya kutanthauzira kwaulere. Chithunzichi chikufotokoza momwe ma mefitofero amathandizira kuti akhale wachinyamata ndi kukongola, ndipo amavomera popanda kuganiza. Tsopano cholinga chachikulu cha Mefasfepheli ndikuti mukhale ndi moyo wa wodwala wake.
Michel Simon, Gerard Filipo, Paolo Sitepa, Giston Moolo ndi ena adalowa machitidwe anzeru.
Fast (2011)
Wotsogolera Russia Alexander Sokurov nayenso sanapusitse nawo zizolowezi ndipo adakumana ndi masomphenya awo a faiti, ndipo Mlengi wa chithunzichi adalandira chikondwerero cha Goldentian pa 68.
Chiwembucho chimazungulira mozungulira gawo loyamba la ntchito ya ndakatulo, ndipo omvera amasangalala ndi mzere wachikondi pakati pa faito ndi Margarita. Alexander SonuroV adaloledwa kuyesa zifanizo monga Johanes TSAayler, Anton Adohahuky, ISatah duhahak ndi Hannah Shimbullah.
Zosangalatsa
- Mu 2014, mtundu wa TV "Alchemik adayambitsidwa pa TV. Faust Elixir, "komwe maudindo akuluakulu adatenga iGrereko, Svetlana Ivanova, Viktor Rakov ndi Yevgeny Dobrovolskaya. Ngakhale dzina lochititsa chidwi, filimu ya Sieu imangonena za ntchito ya goethe, chifukwa chithunzicho chikufotokoza za gulu lachinsinsi la Alkemists omwe amafuna kudziwa chowonadi.
- Goethe adayika pachikuto cha buku la Redrandt, lomwe limatchedwa "Alchemist mwa iye yekha mu nduna." Koma m'zaka za zana la 18, dzina la wolembedwayo linasinthidwa kukhala lotupa.
- Wopanga ku France Charles Guno adalemba "faot", ndi Librettto adalembedwa ndi Jul Barbier ndi Michele Carre.
- Tsoka limapereka mitundu iwiri ya asayansi: Faist, yemwe amayesetsa kudziwa chowonadi, ndipo amakumana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo, ndipo kuchitira antipode Wagner ndi buku la chinsinsi, chinsinsi cha chilengedwe chimatha kutsegulira sayansi yokha za oyenerera.
Mawu
"Mwa dongosolo, kuvomereza chisankho,Mtengo wowononga. "" Mukudziwika bwanji, palibe phindu
Chosowa chimodzi chosadziwika. "Koma mobwerezabwereza, alephera, ndikuchepa
Ndi kuweta m'malingaliro, ndi gulu.
Kangati kangati
Kuyambitsa Kuunikira Kubwera! "Mulole
Rock wachimwemwe ndi thanthwe.
Kulimba kukukula
Amadziona kuti ndi munthu. "" Phunzirani kukwaniritsa bwino
Ndi kukopa malingaliro.
Ndipo wakubanda, zopanda pake ngati echo,
Zabodza osati zofunika ndi aliyense. "