Mbiri Yodziwika
Kuwerengera Monte Cristo - mawonekedwe a Roman Alexandra Duma, omwe adawonetsa chitsanzo cha mphamvu yaulemu ya Mzimu. Kukonda ndi kubwezera, kuperekedwa ndi ludzu la moyo, kuwonda mozama komanso chidwi chofuna - wolemba waku Franch adapangana ndi mbiri yapadera yofotokoza mabuku padziko lonse lapansi.Mbiri ya Chilengedwe
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940 za XIX, Alexander Duma amasangalala ndi mutu wa wolemba mbiri wakale wa mbiri yakale, wofanana ndi nyuzipepala yatsopano ya nyuzipepala - Meckton. M'masiku amenewo, malingaliro amatchedwa ntchito zomwe zimayenda m'chipindacho m'chipindacho ndi chisonyezo "chinapitirizidwa".
Kwa nthawi yayitali, wolemba anali atakhala pansi pampando wachifumu wa Fekoloni chifukwa cha "m'makako atatu", koma kamodzi ndi mnzake malinga ndi a Peru Eugene XU adakwanitsa wolemba mbiri yakale. Kupambana kwa buku lake la buku latsopano "Paris" "kunakopa owerenga pachipata chomwe anaikidwa m'masiku ano. Anthu adakumana ndi mwayi wokhala ndi "Pry kupita ku casole" chifukwa cha moyo wa oimira malo apamwamba kwambiri.
A Alexander Duma adaganizanso chifukwa chotchuka cha luso la wopikisana naye komanso kulowa m'maganizo a ntchitoyi, pomwe zochitika za m'masiku a anthu a anthu ambiri zidzafotokozedwa. Nkhani yamtundu wa nyuzipepala yochokera ku mkulu wa apolisi atakumbukira - mbiri yoyenera buku lonse. Prototype wa Trity Chiwerengero cha Monteris Cristo ankatchedwa Francois pico. Wowona moona mtima ndi wofatsa omwe adafika ku likulu la France kuchokera ku tawuni ya zigawo za iye, wokutidwa ndi bwenzi lake kuchokera ku banja lolemera la Margarita mphamvu. Makolo anakonzera ana aakazi mu kuchuluka kwa ankhondo 100,000.
Anzanu sanalembetse bongo labodza ku France ponena za umphawi wa wachinyamata m'malo mwa England, ndi Picka adafika kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri m'ndende, osangoganiza zomwe zimayambitsa. M'nkhani yodabwitsayi ndi subcople m'chipinda choyandikana choyandikana, ndi kuzindikira munthu amene ali ndi mkulu wodwala, ndi chinsinsi cha chuma chobisika ku Italy. Pamene mphamvu yachilamulilo idagwa, Franco adatuluka m'ndende. Mogwirizana ndi dzina lopeka, bambo adabwerera ku likulu la France, zaka khumi kuti athere cholepheretsa anzawo.
Dumas adagwira zomwe sizinachitike masiku akale, kukonzanso ndikupeza zojambulajambula zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ngwazi yayikulu ya Edtez. Dzina lachiwiri - kuwerengera Monte Cristo - adawonekera paulendo wa wolemba mu 1942 pachilumba cha Elba ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa Napoleon Bomavarye. Apa wolemba adasilira kukongola ndi nthano za Montecristo Island, ndipo dzinali limakondweretsa. Pachinenedwe cha voliyuniwa, zimagwira ntchito mu 1844-1845, nthawi yomweyo owerenga adalandira zomwe adalandira mu mtundu wamagazini.
Biography ndi chithunzi cha kuwerengera Monte Cristo
Dani Danicts ndi woyenda panyanja, madzi owuma osakhazikika pa sitimayo "Farao". Malongosoledwe a ngwazi ya ngwazi ya ngwazi pafupifupi samalabadira: mawonekedwe akuti ndi abwino, osakwera kwambiri, "ndi miyendo ndi miyendo, monga wina aliyense." Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February 1815, akufika ku positi ya womwalirayo m'njira ya kaputate wa chotengera ndipo akukwaniritsa chikondwerero chomaliza cha Elba Traven Deber Berran. Pobwerera, Daniyo amalandila kalata yoti abweretsedwe ku likulu la France ndikupatsa Mr. Naurge, membala wa chiwembucho pobwerera kumpando wachifumu wokutira.Pakadali pano, mwini chombo adawombera ku Eddond kuti aime pachimake pa chiongolero "Farao", koma zolinga siziyenera kuchitika. Khalidwe lalikulu linali lopezeka kale ndi adani - iyi ndi katswiri wa kampani ya sitimayo, asodzi a Fernalo, omwe ali ndi malingaliro a okondedwa ake, okondwa, komanso wowononga dzina lake EdRush.
Utatu unakumana m'chipinda chojambulidwa, pomwe chidadziwika chosadziwika ndi dzanja lake lamanzere, lomwe linali ndi wotsutsa Wilfor - mu uthengawo adayesa ulendo wopita ku Elbe. Mlanduwo sukanakhoza kusuntha, chifukwa kapangidwe ka upandu sikunali. Koma pofunsidwa, wozenga mlandu, akuwerenga kalata yomwe alandiridwayo pa Elbe, ndiopedwa mantha: Doni ya Noryatatier ndi bambo ake achikhalidwe.
Pofuna kuti musatenge nawo masewera owopsa omwe akuwopseza wozenga mlandu pomangidwa ndi kukwatiwa, vilor sasankha kuwotcha uthenga, komanso kuchotsa danctes. Mosaiwalika kwambiri pamoyo wonse m'ndende zonse m'ndende, m'ndende chifukwa cha akaidi andale - m'ndende yakale ngati, yomwe imamangidwa mkati mwa nyanja.
Patatha zaka zisanu, makonzedwe osowa Edeme Adzafa, akamakana chakudya, koma akamva kulira kwa chakudya, koma akangomva mawu am'mimba ndipo amamvetsetsa kuti siachabechabe. Kukhazikika kwa masiku kumadutsa mu ntchito, ndipo, pomaliza, oyandikana nawo anakumana. Mkaidi wabasi wabbot Faris adagwera kunyumba zaka zinayi zaka zisanachitike.
Kupendekera Kukumba, bambo wokalambayo amayembekeza kupita kukhoma lakunja kuti akadumphe m'madzi osalala ku ufulu woyembekezeredwa kwa ufulu woyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Amuna adaganiza limodzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi, koma abbot adadwala chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chopanda chiyembekezo. Asanamwalire, adauza mnzake za chuma chosungidwa chomwe chinasungidwa ku Monte Cristo Island.
Edmondde adatha kupusitsa alondawo, kubisala m'thumba kukonzekera munthu wakufayo. Mbendera sizimadziwika, ndipo ngwazi imazimitsidwa kunyanja. Pakampani ya Danigler amapeza chuma pachilumbachi ndipo, kutembenukira kwa munthu wachuma uja, asankha kudziwa chifukwa chomwe anali mndende.
Mu mkanjo wa wansembe, iye ali ku Kadrussu wokhala ndi uthenga wachisoni - madiere a Edmond adalamula nthawi yayitali kuti akhale ndi moyo. Buku lakale limasimba chilichonse ngati mzimu wonena za kalata yosadziwika, komanso kuti bambo a Daning, ndipo a Mercedede sanadikire mkwatibwi ndi mitima ya Fernan Mondego.
Danizira asankha kubwezera olakwira omwe alamulira. Zimachitika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, zomwe kunachitika ngwazi yomwe imayenda paulendo, maphunziro ndi kumanga nyumba yawo yomwe ili pachilumbachi, komwe chuma chimapezekapo.
Kamodzi Dani, pansi pa Dzina la Monteris Cristo, amakhala pafupipafupi gulu la France wamkulu ku France, kukakamiza kuwunika kunjenjemera kuchokera ku maluso otchuka komanso chuma. Mwamuna amayamba njira yopulumutsira mosamala. Zotsatira zake, Kadruss anamwalira chifukwa cha umbombo wake, Fernan adadzipha, Wilifor adayamba misala, ndipo Dougur adalamulira ndikuyenda ku dziko lakwawo. Komabe, m'njira imeneyi, kunali kuchitidwa chidwi ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito pachiwerengero.
Wotopa ndi kubwezera, madera a edmond akumvetsa kuti lupanga lakelo siliwonetsa anthu osalakwa omwe abwera mwangozi. Ngwazi yasankha kusiya. Atapereka moyo wa Dangra ndikuchoka panyumba ya Morete Kirto kwa cholowa cha mwini Mwiniwake "Farao" adayandama.
Khalidwe la ngwazi mu ndemanga za nthawi ya anthu a nthawiyo silinali logwirizana. Dani ndi wobwezera yekha, koma pansi pa kuzizira kwake komanso ngakhale ziwanda zimabisala mtima wabwino. Cholinga chachikulu cha bukuli sikuti chimangokula ndi kucha kwa umunthu wake, koma kusinthika kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe, kusintha kwakunja ndi kwamkati. Dumas adapanga mawonekedwe okongola, achikondi omwe amakopa owerenga azaka zilizonse.
Mu dum dums to yaying'ono, adaganiza zobwezera munthu wokhumudwitsa, motero mawu obwezera komanso kunyoza masanjidwe a anthu ali ndi malo apadera m'buku la "Chiwerengero Monte Cristo".
Werengani Monte Cristo m'mafilimu
Kusintha kwa makanema kwa ntchito yotchuka ya Alexander Duma musaganize, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kudziwa zowala. Choyamba, iyi ndi filimu "kuwerengera Monte Cristo", kuwomberedwa mu 1954. Mu wotsogolera wa Robert Verne adasonkhanitsa nyenyezi za ku Cinema ya ku Europe, gawo lalikulu lopatsa Jean mare.
Owonerera kuchokera ku USSR mu 1988, ndi mpweya, ndikuwona chitchinga cha bukuli, chomwe chimasintha dzina ku "m'ndende yakale yakale". Woyang'anira wa Soviet Melviet Georgy jurwald-Khilkevich adapereka gawo la graph nthawi imodzi kwa ochita seweroli: Viktor Avilov adapereka chithunzi cha EdMovky - Paubwana Wake.
Director Did Daan adagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri pomwe Gerard Deardieu ndi Ornell Mutuly. Premiere wa mndandanda wakuti "Werengani Monteris Cristo" adachitika mu 1998.
Pomaliza, mafans a cinema adavotera filimu yolumikizira America, Great Britain ndi Ireland. Milandu yochokera ku renti ya "Chiwerengero Monte Cristo" (2002) ndi James Caviz kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri pa kuwombera.
Chiwembu cha bukuli chidakhala maziko a nyimbo zinayi komanso nyimbo zam'madzi "I - Edn Danme".
Zosangalatsa
- Alexander Duma, komanso wachivuro chilichonse, omwe amalakalaka chuma chosawoneka bwino komanso moyo wabwino. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, linali buku la munthu yemwe sanakhale wandende komanso wolemera, adabweretsa wolemba kwa wolemba. Wolemba adalandira chindapusa cha m'mabuku, chomwe sichinali chophweka kugwiritsa ntchito, koma zopatsa chidwi adakondwera ndi chuma. Wolemba adagula zisudzo zake ndi nyuzipepala, koma wa pabwalo sanatuluke mwa iye, adapita. Nyumba yotukuka idayenera kugulitsa malonda.
- Dzinalo la munthu wamkulu pakapita nthawi linakhala losankhika: kuwerengera Monte-Cristo amatchedwa anthu, modzidzimutsa komanso modzidzimutsa, zakale zawo zimakutidwa ndi chinsinsi chake.
- Pali zolemba zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi iyemwini kapena mwana wake, koma zenizeni, kuweruza mwa kalembedwe ndi chilankhulo, ndi a aleto ena.
- Pa zolinga za mndandanda wa mndandanda wazomwe zimachitika, gawo 24 lidawomberedwa. Zochita zake zikuchitika m'tsogolo mpaka kutali, koma olembawo adakwanitsa kusunga zinthu zachiwerewere za France wakale.
Mawu
Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti Mulungu anaiwala za ife chilungamo chake ndi chamerit; Koma posakhalitsa akutiuza ife, ndipo patapita nthawi anati, ndipo izi ndi umboni. Ndikukhulupirira kuti imfa idzaphedwa, koma osati mwa chiwombolo. Kuti, kunyada ndi kunyada! Malinga ndi kunyada kwa anthu pakati, anthu ali okonzeka kumenya nkhwangwa, ndipo pamene akunyansidwa ndi kuzika mizere, amafuula. Chabwino, anthu! Ngongole za ng'ona, monga Karl Moore adati! Ndikukudziwani, nthawi zonse ndinu woyenera nokha.M'bali
- 1844 - "Werengani Monte Cristo"
Kafukufuku
- 1908 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1908 - "Werengani Monte Cristo (Italy)
- 1910 - Le ndendeni du Château d'ngati (France)
- 1910 - "Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1917 - "Monte Wamakono Cristo" (USA)
- 1922 - "Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1929 - Monte Cristo (France)
- 1934 - "pakati pa kuwerengera Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1942 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (Mexico)
- 1942 - "Werengani monte Cristo" (France, Italy)
- 1946 - "Mkazi Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1954 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (Mexico, Argentina)
- 1961 - "Werengani Monteris Cristo" (Italy, France)
- 1968 - "Bweretsani Monte Cristo" (France)
- 1975 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (United Kingdom, Italy)
- 1979 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (France, Italy, Germany)
- 1988 - "m'ndende yandende ngati" (USSR, France)
- 1998 - "Werengani Monteris Cristo" (Germany, France, Italy)
- 2002 - "Werengani Monte Cristo" (USA, United Kingdom, Ireland)
- 2008 - "Montecristo" (Russia)