Mbiri Yodziwika
Ngwazi za nthano yakale za Agiriki wakale, mfumu ya zilumba za Islands, yemwe amatenga nawo mbali munkhondo ya Trojan, wankhondo wolimba mtima komanso wokamba mbiri waluso. Ku Iliad, Homer alipo ngati munthu wofunikira. Ndakatulo "Odyssey" ndiye munthu wamkulu. Gawo la Odyssey ndi mkhalidwe wodekha, kuthekera kokana kuzowopsa, kudzipulumutsa ndi anzanu. Chifukwa chake, "kuchenjera" kunakhala imodzi mwazipizi zokhazikika za ngwazi.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Chithunzi cha Odyssey chidakhala chowonetsera nthawi ya aphunzitsi a ma Greek of the Marine Expases. Zochitika zomwe ankhondo adapita kukasambira pamatoto awo ndipo kulumikizana kwawo ndi abale awo zidasandutsidwa, opezeka m'mbiri ya odyssey ufa wakhungu. Za kusinthika kwa ngwazi ndi njira yobwerera kunyumba, kwa mkazi wake Pelope, Homer "adalemba (" IUAD ")," Sophtl ") ndi olemba ena") ndi olemba ena .
Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za ngwazi zimagwidwa mwanjira ya zojambula pamabala achi Greek. Pa iwo mutha kubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe a ngwazi. Odyssey ndi munthu wovala ndendende, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa mu chipewa cha oyendetsa ndege, omwe amatengedwa ndi oyendetsa sitima achi Greek.
Chiphunzitso
Odyssey adabadwa ndi ukwati wa Argono Kuti Waierta, Mfumu Ithaca, ndi Adzukulu a Mulungu Mbewa - Anti-Kelai. Agogo a Herov Avtolward amavala dzina lodzikuza "loipa kuchokera kwa anthu", chinali chinyengo chochenjera komanso kwa makolo ake, bambo ake, adalandira chilolezo. Odysysyy iyemwini adakwatirana ndi a Penelope, omwe adabereka ngwazi ya mwana wa Telemach.
Odyssey adakumana ndi Pelope wake wamtsogolo ku Sparta, komwe adafika kuti ziwalo zina zikulume mpaka ku Elena. Panali anthu ambiri ofuna kukwatiwa, bambo wa Elena ankawopa kuti apange chisankho mokomera munthu yekha kuti asabweretse mkwiyo wa ena onse. Valani Odysyssey adapereka lingaliro latsopano - kupereka ufulu wowuma kwa mtsikanayo kuti asankhe nokha, ndipo zimbudzi zimayika lumbiro lomwe likusowa, onse adzathandiza mwamuna wamtsogolo wa Helena.
Elena adasankha, mwana wa mfumu ya Mkazi. Odyssey adayika maso ake pa Tenelope. Abambo a Penalape adapatsa mawu oti ampatse mwana wamkazi kwa amene apambana mpikisano. Wopambana anali ndi Odyssey, bambo ake adayesetsa kusungunula channelope kuchokera ku ukwatiwu ndikukhala kunyumba. Odysysy adabwereza zingwe zake ndikupatsa mkwatibwi kuti asankhe yekha - kuti akhale ndi abambo ake kapena kupita naye, ndi, ngakhale makolo ake, adasankha ngwazi. Kusewera ukwati, Odyssty ndi mkazi wachinyamata adabwereranso ku Icha.
Pamene Paris adabedwa Egana, mkwati wakale adakambirana kunkhondo ya Trojan. Oracle ananeneratu za Odyssey kuti akapita ku Truy, amabwerera kunyumba zaka 20, osauka komanso opanda Satelli. Ngwazi idayesa "kutha" pamwambowu. Odyssey adayesa kunamizira kuti amapenga, koma adawululidwa.
Mwamunayo anayamba kukhazikika m'munda wamchere, doko lapuliwi ya ng'ombe ndi kavalo, koma mwana wake wakhanda akamaponya ntchito yolimayo, anakakamizidwa kuti asiye. Chifukwa chake zidadziwika kuti Odyssey amadziwa bwino zomwe adachita, ndipo ngwazi idayenera kupita kunkhondo. Malinga ndi Homer, ngwaziyo adanyengerera kuti apite pansi pa Troar Agarmenon, zomwe chifukwa cha izi zidafika pa Ithaca.
Pansi pa Troy Odyssey amabwera ndi sitima 12. Zombo zikamamatira pagombe, palibe amene akufuna kupita. Kulosera kwina kumalonjeza kuti woyamba amene asiya ku Troy adzawonongeka. Sindikufuna kukhala woyamba kukhala wina aliyense, kotero odyssey amalumpha kuchokera mchombo, ndipo anthu amapita kupitirira iye. Ngwazi yachisoni zimapangitsa kuyendetsa wonyengedwa ndikuponya chikopa pansi pa mapazi ake, motero zimatero kuti sichinali choyamba kupita pa dziko la Trojan, koma iye amene analumpha.
Pankhondoyo, Odyssey adakwanitsa kubweretsa nkhani zawo, ndikuyika kapepala kwa munthu yemwe adaponya mwana wake ali ndi ma ngwazi kuti apite kunkhondo. Pakuti chigonjetso, pali mikhalidwe ingapo, ndi odyssey wina pambuyo pake amawatenga. Hercules anyezi, omwe adatsalira ku Phylotte, atasiyidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo pachilumbachi ndikusinthana. Awiri omwe ali ndi malo okhala amabwera kuchokera ku Troy Stcem of Goden Atenes. Pomaliza, Odysseus amapereka lingalirolo ndi khosi lotchuka la Trojan lotchuka, chifukwa chothokoza, limodzi ndi ankhondo ena, imagunda makhoma a mzindawo.
Pambuyo popambana pansi pa Troy, zombo zimabwereranso ndikuyamba kuyendayenda kwa odyssey kuzungulira nyanja. Ngwazi ikukumana ndi zoopsa zambiri, pomwe sitima zimataya zombo ndi timu, ndipo zimabwerera ku Ithaka zaka 10 atayenda m'mphepete mwa Troy. Pakadali pano, zikwati zimazungulira ndi a Tenelope, kukangana kuti Osssey anali atamwalira kale ndipo ndikofunikira kukwatira kamodzi, kusankha munthu wina kwa iwo. Ngwaziyo, yomwe imalembedwa ndi Athena mwa wokalambayo, akubwera kunyumba yake yachifumu, pomwe palibe amene akudziwa, kupatula namwino ndi namwino ndi galu wakale.
Penelose imapereka zimbudzi za dzanja, kokerani uta wa odysy ndikuyika muvi kudutsa mphete 12. Mchifumu udagawanika kwa Odyssey powonekera kwa munthu wachikulire, koma palibe aliyense wa iwo amene angathane ndi anyezi. Kenako odyssey amaika muvi, potero, ndipo pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi wamkulu Telemach akonzanso magazi oyandikira ndikupha zimbudzi.
Pamasamba awa, ngwazi, komabe, sizimatha. Mkangano wa zimbudzi womwe udaphedwa ndi iye amafuna mayesero. Odyssey poganiza kuti woweruza wachikhalidwe chija adzachotsedwa ku Ithaca kwa zaka 10, komwe mwana wa ngwazi wa Telemanal amakhalabe mfumu. Kuphatikiza apo, Mulungu wa Topton wakwiya ndi ngwazi, yemwe ngwaziyo adakwiya, kuchititsa khungu Mwana wa Mulungu polyfem, Cyclopa-chimphona.
Kupulumutsa Mulungu, Odyssey akuyenera kumeza pamapewa kuti ayende kudutsa m'mapiri kuti akapeze dziko lomwe anthu sanamveko za nyanja. Odyssey amapeza dzikolo, pomwe kuddvel yake amatenga fosholo, ndikuyima pamenepo. Phopadon amakhululuka ngwazi, atatha kubweretsa anthu omwe amakhudzidwa, ndipo Odysysyy yekha amakwatila mfumukazi yakomweko.
Chikondwerero china cha ngwazi chosiyanasiyana chimafotokozedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Odyssey adamwaliranso m'maiko ena (m'mabaibulo osiyanasiyana - ku Elolia, Etilia, Arcadia, Etc.), Popanda kulakwitsa , wobadwa kuchokera ku matsenga ozungulira. Palinso mtundu womwe wa Odyssey adasandulika kavalo ndipo adamwalira kaonekedwe kakale.
Nthano
Alendo odziwika kwambiri a ngwazi adachitika paulendo wochokera ku Troy Hound ndipo akufotokozedwa mu ndakatulo ya Homer Odyssey. Kubwerera, zombo za Odyssey zikuyandikira kwa munthu wina pachilumba china, kukhala ndi zokhala ndi zolengedwa zanga, ndipo nthawi iliyonse ngwazi itayika mbali ya anthu. Pa chilumba cha Lotifids, Lolotus amakula, kupereka chosakanizika kwa omwe amawadya. Pa chilumba cha cyclops, chimphona chamodzi - chipongwe cha Polyfem, Scidon Pamoyo. Ngwazi zikuyesera kuti zizikhala kunyumba mu Polyfem Cave, ndipo amadya ena mwa anthu odyssey.
Ngwazi yamphamvu yomwe anapulumuka ikuyamba kuchititsa khungu polyfem, maso a chimfine yekhayo amasungunuka, kenako amapulumutsidwa ndi nkhosa. Chipilala chakhungu chikuwunikira nkhosazo, musanatulutse iwo ku phanga, koma ngwazi zimasiyidwa mu ubweya wanyama kuchokera pansi, ndipo kotero amasankhidwa ku phanga. Komabe, Odyssey amatcha chimphona cha dzina lake lenileni ndipo amalankhula kufuula kwawo kuti athandize bambo ake Pogadon. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, matoidoni wakwiya ku Odyssey, omwe samapangitsa kuti ndewu ya ngwazi yozungulira nyanja ikhale yosavuta.
Kuthamanga kuchokera ku Polyfemu, ngwazi zimagwera pachilumba cha Mulungu wa Mphepo za Eol. Amapereka ubweya wa Odysyy, mkati mwake momwe mphepo zimabisidwa. Ngwazi siziyenera kuzimitsa ubweya uwu mpaka iye ataona gombe la fuko lake. Odyssey ndi gululi pafupifupi afika kunyumba, koma anthu ake, akuganiza kuti chumacho chabisidwa mkati mwa ubweya, ndipo chimasungidwa ndi ngwazi yake nyanja.
Pa chilumba cha wamatsenga, Satelates Satelates amasinthidwa kukhala nyama, adalawa chithandizo, ndipo ngwaziyo imayambitsa wamatsenga wa Mwana, yemwe, m'modzi wa matsenga a Mwana, omwe ali m'modzi wa imfa yake. Ndi mabwalo, ngwazi imasunga chaka chimodzi, kenako ndikupitirirani ndikupita pachilumba cha Siri, omwe amakhudzidwa komanso oyendetsa sitima achikondi omwe amayimba, ndipo atatha kusokonekera pakati pa kambuku, komwe kumaphedwa ndi gulu linanso limodzi.
Pang'onopang'ono, Odyssey amataya satellites onse ndi pachilumbachi ku Nymph calypso ali yekha. Nymph imagwera mchikondi ndi odyssey, ndipo ngwazi zimagwira zaka 7, chifukwa kulibe sitima pachilumbacho kuti ziyandama. Mapeto, nymph ndi hermes ndipo imauza kuti asiye ngwazi. Odyssey pamapeto pake amatha kumanga raft ndikuyandama.
Zosangalatsa
- Dzinalo la ngwazi linakhala mwadzinjala. Mawu oti "odyssey" amatanthauza kuyenda mtunda wautali ndi zopinga zambiri ndi maulendo ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamitundu ya Greek. Mwachitsanzo, m'dzina la kanema Stanley Kubrika "Space Odyssey a 2001", kuwomberedwa mu 1968 kutengera nkhani ya Blay SABHATI "Odysysyy Captain".
- M'mabuku atsopano, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kukumana ndi chithunzi cha Odyssey - kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kujambulidwa "monga". M'buku la Terry Pratchett "Eric" mawonekedwe amawoneka ndi dzina la chitsimikiziro - chowoneka bwino kwambiri pa Odyssey. Mu 2000, buku la mawu a Henry Spain mkango "Odyssey, mwana wa Laerta," pomwe nkhaniyo imachitika m'malo mwa ngwazi.
- Chithunzi cha Odyssey cholowa mu sinema. Mu 2013, mbiri ya Franco-Italy "Intyssey" idatulutsidwa, komwe sizikuyendayenda pa ngwazi, koma za banja lake Mpando wachifumu ndi zochitika zomwe zikuchitika mfumu itabwera pachilumbachi. Mu 2008, kanema wosangalatsa Terry Ingram "Odyssey: Ulendo wopita kudziko lapansi", pomwe ngwazi idasewera Afnold Exillold.
- Odyssey ndi amodzi mwa otchulidwa pamasewera apakompyuta mu "m'badwo wa nthano" njira zamtundu womwe watulutsidwa mu 2002.