Chiphunzitso
Nikolai nekrasov ndiye woyambitsa mawu atsopano, omwe amakono kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 anasangalala kwambiri ndikusintha.
Kusintha kwa Nikolai kunali konse pamayendedwe awiri: Wolemba adakhudzanso ntchito za mutuwo, zomwe sizinavomerezedwe) ndi korera, zikomo kwa iye atalandira zida zokongola kwambiri. kukula).
Mabuku aku Russia, monga moyo wa ku Russia, mpaka kumapeto kwa 60s adayamba kukhala gawo la dichotomy. Neksov mu ntchito yawo imapuwala malire a chikumbumtima, kufotokoza anthu kuti funso lomweli lili ndi mfundo zitatu.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai Alekseevich nekrasov adabadwa pa chigawo cha Podolkk, komwe chingerezi cha 36 chingerezi chidakhazikitsidwa, momwe abambo ake adatumikira monga kapitawo.
Mutu wa banja Alexey Sergeevich anali wonyoza, wonyada ndi woyamba wake. Wotchova juga sanali ndi chidwi ndi ndakatulo kapena ness. Munthu wopanda malire anali wabwino mwa zinthu ziwiri zokha - kusaka ndi kuukira pamanja. Ngakhale kuti Alexey wakhala ali wachilendo waluntha, zinali mu laibulale za abambo, Nekrasov werengani zoletsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Phzingkin "kuthekera".
Mayi Elena Aleksevna anali wosemphana ndi mnzake. Wofatsa ndi gulu loonda loopsa Lady nthawi zonse mu Unitis ndikuwerenga. M'DZIKOBAMIKIRA KWAULERE KWA mabuku, kunapulumutsidwa ku zinthu zoipa za Tsiku ndi Tsiku. Pambuyo pake, mayi "wopatulika" uyu adzapereka ndakatulo "mayi" ndi "knight kwa ola limodzi."
Neksov sanali mwana yekhayo. M'mikhalidwe yolimbana ya kusamvana kwa abambo a anthu oyang'anira, zoopsa za Alexei Sergeyevich ndi nkhanza zankhanza zokhudzana ndi "kuyandikana", ana 13 13 anakula.
Mu 1832, Nekrasov adalowa ku YarOslavl Collet Cootlaideliuml, komwe adafika pa giredi ya 5. Abambo nthawi zonse amafuna nthawi zonse Mwana kupita ku mapazi ake ndikukhala asitikali. Mu 1838, Nikolay wazaka 17 adapita ku St. Petersburg kuti adziwe gulu lalikulu.
Mu likulu lachikhalidwe, mnyamatayo adasankha dziko lake - andrei glochashky, yemwe adauza wolemba ndakatulo wanena kuti ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Mouziridwa ndi Nekrasov, mosemphana ndi malangizo a Atate, asankha kulowa muukadaulo wa End. Petersburg University. Komabe, munthu wofuna kutchuka amachotsa mayeso olowera ndikupeza momwe akupambana (1831-1841).
Pokhala wophunzira, Nikolai nekrasov adakumana ndi zofuna zoyipa. Kumanzere popanda thandizo lakuthupi, adakhala usiku wa njonda ndi malo apansi, ndipo adawona chakudya chathunthu m'maloto. Kusiyidwa koopsa sikunakonzekeretse wolemba mtsogolo wachikulire, komanso adakulitsa mawonekedwe ake.
Malembo
Chopereka choyamba cha ndakatulo zachinyamata nekrasov chinali "maloto ndi mawu". Bukuli lidakonzedwa mu 1839, koma Nekrasov sanafulumire kufalitsa "gulu lake la gulu la briti" lake. Wolembayo anakayikira kukhwima mwa ndakatulo a ndakatulo zake ndipo amafuna mphamvu yaulamuliro.
Pokhala ndi m'manja mwa wowerenga, wolemba woyamba anafunsa woyambitsa v.a. Zhukovsky amamudziwa. Vasily Andreevich adalangiza kuti asasindikize buku pansi pa dzina lake, pofotokoza kuti mtsogolomo, ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimalemba mtsogolo, komanso "ukadaulo" Nikolai Aleksevich adzachita manyazi.
Zotsatira zake, zosonkhanitsa zidasindikizidwa pansi pa pseud n.N. Zopereka izi sizinachite bwino pagulu, ndipo zikatsutsidwa ndi Visarievion Brinsky mu magazini ya malembawo "adawonongedwa panonso ku Nekrasov.
Pamodzi ndi wolemba Ivan Ivanovich Padayev, wolemba ndakatuloyo adachita "zamakono" m'nyengo yozizira ya 1846. Bukuli lidafalitsa olemba otsogola ndi onse omwe amadana ndi Serfedom. Mu Januware 1847, tsiku loyamba la "nthawi yanthawi ya" lakale "linachitika. Mu 1862th, boma lidayimilira ntchito ya magazini yomwe idasayidwa ndi magulu apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mu 1866 zidamukonzerani konse.
Mu 1868, a Nikolai Alekseevich adagula ufulu "zolemba zapakhomo." Kumeneko, kalasiyo idasindikizidwa zaka zonse pambuyo pa moyo waufupi.
Pakati pa ntchito zazikulu zambiri zomwe wolemba, ndakatulo "azimayi aku Russia" adaneneka kwambiri (1873), "Ana Achisanu" (1863), "pa Poem "Grandframe Mazay ndi hares" (1870), "wamba ndi marigolds" (1861), "phokoso" (1855).
Moyo Wanu
Ngakhale kuti wolemba walemba wazamalemba wopambana komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe wolemba adalemba pamwezi (zoposa 40 zolembedwa pamwezi) ndikukonzedwa, Nekrasov inali munthu wopanda pake kwambiri.
Kuukira kwadzidzidzi kwa anthu masabata angapo sanalumikizane ndi aliyense, komanso ma cartages a nkhondo "yambiri.
Mu 1842, ku ndakatulo usiku, Nikolai Alekseevich akumana ndi mkazi wa wolemba Ivan Panama - AVDOTIA. Mkaziyo anali wabwino mwa iyemwini, anali ndi malingaliro abwino komanso oyang'anira okongola. Monga alendo a SALON, nthawi zonse "amakhala" mabuku otchuka "(a Cardenev, Belinsky).
Ngakhale kuti Ivan pandav analivid kukhazikika, ndipo mkazi aliyense angasangalale kuchotsa mwamuna wotere, Nekrasov amayenera kuchita zoyesayesa, kuti apeze malo a mayi wokongola. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti Feder Dostoevsky anali kukonda ndi kukongola, koma adalephera kubwereza kubwezera.
Poyamba, mayiyo wopulupudzayo adakana mlandu wa NekraSol wazaka 26, womwe ndi chifukwa chake adatsala pang'ono kudzipha. Koma paulendo wolumikizana kupita kudera la Kazan, Brunette wokongola komanso wolemba watsopano amavomerezana wina ndi mzake. Pobwerera, adayamba kukhala ndi ukwati wapadera m'nyumba ya panayev kwa okwatirana omwe ali ndi mwamuna wovomerezeka wa avdoti.
Mgwirizano wa mbali zitatu unalipo kwa zaka 16. Kuchita zonsezi kunapangitsa kusudzulidwa pagulu - za Nekraso kwa nyumba ya mlendo, amakonda mkazi wa munthu wina ndipo amaponyeranso nsanje kwa mwamuna wovomerezeka.
Ngakhale kuti kutumphuka ndi kusamvana, nekrasov ndi pandayev anali osangalala. Mu tandem, okondedwa anthu amalemba fanizo la ndakatulo, kumutcha "pandayevsky". Zinthu zakale komanso zokambirana ndi mtima, motero ndi chifukwa, mosemphana ndi vutoli, zimagwira ntchito mopanda tanthauzo ndi "custisyevsky stays alutchev.
Komanso mu co-olemba a nekrasov ndi stewanceky (pseudky (pseudky (pseudks ya ma avdoti Yavlevna) amabadwa m'maiko atatu "(184-1849) ndi" Nyanja yakufa "(1841).
Mu 1849, ndakatulo yotchuka ya Musa adabereka mwana wake wamwamuna. Komabe, "wolowa wa malengwe" wolemba amakhala maola angapo okha. Pambuyo pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mayiyo amaberekanso ku kuunika kwa mnyamatayo. Mwanayo anali wofooka kwambiri miyezi inayi. Panthaka yolephera kukhala ndi ana m'magulu a nekrasov ndi pandayeva ayamba mikangano. Banja logwirizana lomwe likagwirizana silitha kupeza "zolumikizana" wamba ".
Mu 1862, mwamunayo wa avdoti - Ivan pantayev amwalira. Posakhalitsa mayi atazindikira kuti Nikolai Alekseevich - ngwazi si buku lake, ndipo limasiya ndakatulo. Ndiodziwika kuti wolemba akamanena za "chikondi cha moyo wake."
Paulendo wina mu 1864, Nekrasov amakhala m'nyumba zomwe anzawo - Mlongo wakuda Ankseyevna ndi France Eldeevna ndi France Serfan, yemwe adakumana naye mu 1863.
Selina anali gulu la asodzi a France, omwe amakhala ku Mikhanyeyky theoat, ndipo chifukwa cha mosavuta, cholakwika sichinadziwe ubalewu ndi wolemba ndakatulo. M'chilimwe cha 1866, a Lefren adakhala ku Karabikha, ndipo mchaka cha 1867 adapita kwina ndi Nekrasov. Komabe, ino nthawi ino rock kukongola kwa Russia sanabwerenso. Sizinasokoneze ubale wawo - mu 1869, banjali lidakumana ku Paris ndipo lidagwira August ndi nyanja. Podzipha, wolemba adatchulapo.
M'misiri ya 48 ya Nekrasov adakumana ndi mtsikana wosalakwa wazaka 19-chaka chachikazi Viclavna Victova. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mayiyo sanakhale ndi data yapadera ndipo anali wofatsa kwambiri, mawu a mawu a mawu omwewa nthawi yomweyo ankakonda. Kwa Fekla, wolemba ndakatulo wakhala munthu wamoyo wake wonse. Sanangotsegula mkazi kuyambira paukhanda, komanso adawonetsa dziko lapansi.
Zaka zisanu zosangalatsa zimakhala limodzi Nekrasov ndi mnzake wachinyamata. Nkhani yawo yachikondi idakumbutsa chiwembu cha wosewera wa Bernard Shaw "Filimalion". Maphunziro a ku French, galamala ya ku Russia, zolakwitsa ndi masewera omwe adasandulika dzina la anthu wamba lomwe m'malo mwake, wolemba ndakatulo adayamba kukonza zainalaevna, adatchula dzina lakutsogolo kuchokera kwa iwo. .
Wolemba ndakatulo adakumana ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi chikondwererochi, koma moyo wake wonse, onse pa ukwati wa French Fren Selina Lefrina lefren, yemwe iye adakondana naye kudziko la Avdier Yakovlevna.
Imfa
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa wolemba wamkulu zidadzala ndi zowawa. "Tikiti yanjira imodzi" yomwe idapezeka koyambirira kwa 1875, pomwe adadwala kwambiri.
Otheratu sanasamalire kwambiri thanzi lake adafunsa adotolo mu Disembala 1876 atachepera. Kuyendera Pulofesa Nikolay sklifoovsky omwe adagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ku zamankhwala ndi opaleshoni. Ndi kafukufuku wa chala cha rectum, idatanthauzira momveka bwino neoplasm ndi apulo. Pa chotupacho, dokotala wotchuka nthawi yomweyo anauza onse Nekrasov ndi othandizira kuti adziwe bwino za ophunzira.
Ngakhale Nikolai Alekseevich anazindikira kuti anali kudwala kwambiri, anakana kuwonjezera mlingo wa opium. Wolemba wamkulu kale a Melanoe adawopa kutaya ntchito ndikulemetsa banja. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti m'masiku a nekrasov adapitiliza kulemba ndakatulo ndikumaliza gawo lachinayi la ndakatuloyo "amakhala bwino ku Russia." Pa intaneti komanso mpaka lero, mutha kupeza zithunzi kuti "ali ndi akapolo omwe" ali ndi akapolo "atagona pabedi limodzi ndi pepala komanso amayang'ana mtunda.
Mankhwalawa anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito kutaya bwino, ndipo mu 1877 wolemba ndakatulo yemwe anali wosimidwa adapempha kuti athandizidwe kuchoka ku Sukulu ya E.I. Bogdanovsky. Mlongo wake wa wolemba, yemwe amalimbikitsa kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni, analemba kalata ku Vienna. Mmenemo, mkaziyo amafunsa mwalungo pulosolo ya Theodore Bilrot kuti abwere ku Petersburg ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'bale wokondedwa. Epulo 5 idabwera chilolezo. Ntchito, mnzake wapamtima wa a Johann Brahms adapempha mtundu wa prussian prussian. Kukonzekera kubwera kwa opaleshoni, N.a. Nekrasov adatenga ndalama zokwanira kuchokera kwa Mbale Feder.
Kupita ku madotolo kunayenera kuvomereza ndi chisankho chomwe chimapangidwa ndikuyembekezera kubwera kwa mnzake. Pulofesa T. Bilrot adafika ku St. Petersburg pa Epulo 11, 1877. Mankhwala a kudikirira nthawi yomweyo amadziwitsa mbiri ya matenda apamwamba. Pa Epulo 12, Theodore adawona kuti a Nekrasov ndi kusankha opareshoniyo tsiku lomwelo. Chiyembekezo cha mabanja ndi abwenzi sanamve bwino: opaleshoni yopweteka sizinachite chilichonse.
Nenani za matenda oopsa a ndakatuloyo mumayang'ana m'maso. Anthu ochokera ku Russia onse adatumiza zilembo za Nikola Aleksevich ndi ma telegrams. Ngakhale panali chizunzo chowopsa, munthu wodziwika bwinowo anapitiliza kulemberana makalata ndi nzika zomvera kwambiri mpaka ziwalo zonse zamiyendo.
M'buku la "Nyimbo Zaposachedwa" Zolemba nthawi imeneyi, mtolankhani wodziwika bwino, wosawoneka pakati pa moyo ndi luso. Ntchito zomwe zidalowa muzosonkhanitsira - kuulula kolemba za munthu yemwe angalorere kumapeto kwa ambulansi.
Mu Disembala, mkhalidwe wa boma udachepa kwambiri: komanso kulimbikitsidwa ndi kufooka konseko ndi escrow, pamakhala zowawa zonse m'magawo a ntchafu ndi kutupa. Mwa zina, mfuti yoyipa idayamba kusiyanitsidwa ndi rectum.
Asanafa a Nekrasov, adaganiza zogwirizana ndi zoada. Wodwala alibe mphamvu zopita kutchalitchi, ndipo ukwati unachitika kunyumba. Disembala 14, owona wodwala N.A. Belogolval adatsimikiza ukhungu wonse wa Hafu ya Thupi ndi Chibale Chomwe Chimachenjezi Zomwe Tsiku Lililonse Likuipiraipira.
Pa Disembala 26, Nikolai Alekseevich mwanzeru anatcha mkazi wake, mlongo ndi namwino. Anatero kwa aliyense wa iwo atadzisiyidwa bwino. " Posakhalitsa kuzindikira lidamsiya, ndipo madzulo a Disembala 27 (Januware 8, 1878, malinga ndi kalembedwe katsopano), wotchuka adamwalira.
Pa Disembala 30, ngakhale chisanu champhamvu kwambiri, gulu la ndakatulo "lomaliza limachokera kunyumba panyumba pa ntchentche ku malo osungirako nyumba ya Novodevichy.
Polankhula, ma dostoevsky amalemekezeka nekrasov kupita ku ofesi yachitatu ku ndakatulo za Russian pambuyo pa Pustennkin ndi Lermontov. Khamu la anthu linasokoneza wolemba ndi mfuu "Inde pamwambapa, pamwamba pa Pushken!"
Maliro atangochitika Ninaida Nikolaevna adatembenukira kundende za nyumba ya amonke ndi pempho loti agulitse malo ake pafupi ndi manda ake mtsogolo.
M'bali
- "Wochita" (POSSE, 1841)
- "Kubwezeretsedwa" (chidutswa, 1859)
- "Ofinya" (chidutswa, 1844)
- "Fooclist oufrich Bob, kapena mwamuna wake sakhala mbale yake" (Sewerani, 1841)
- "Achinyamata Lomonov" (Zodabwitsa Zodabwitsa mu Mavesi Amodzi Omwe Ndi Epilogue, 1840)
- "Nthawi" (ndakatulo, 1875)
- "Kukhala chete" (ndakatulo, 1857)
- "Agogo" (ndakatulo 1870)
- "Nduna ya sera" (ndakatulo, 1956)
- "Ndani amakhala ku Russia" (ndakatulo, 1863-1876)
- "Coorobinists" (ndakatulo, 1861)
- "Nthawi yaposachedwa" (ndakatulo, 1871)