Nikolay Gogol - Biography, Chithunzi, Moyo, Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Moyo wa Nikolai Vasalyevich Gogol ndiowonjezera kwambiri ndipo wolemba ntchito zakale asamafufuzabe ngati mafilimu abwino, ndipo kalatayo imapanga mafilimu anzeru yodabwitsa yamabuku. Kukondana ndi wosewerera sikukangana zaka mazana awiri osati ntchito zake chifukwa cha Epic, komanso chifukwa gogol ndi amodzi mwa ziwerengero zopeka kwambiri za mabuku aku Russia m'zaka za zana la 19.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Mpaka pano sizikudziwika pomwe Nikolai VasalEvich adabadwa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Gogol adabadwa pa Marichi 20, ena ali ndi chidaliro kuti tsiku lenileni la wolemba ndi Epulo 1, 1809.

Ubwana wa Feyshysmagoria adadutsa ku Ukraine, m'mudzi wokongola wa Sorochintsy Poltava. Anakula m'banja lalikulu - kuwonjezera pa iye, anyamata ena asanu ndi atsikana 6 adakwera mnyumba (ena mwa iwo adamwalira m'ndende za ana).

Wolemba wamkulu ali ndi mwayi wosangalatsa, akukwera kupita ku nyumba ya Cosgol-Yanovsky. Malinga ndi nkhani ya banja, agogo a Aathasasasius amasewera Demyanovich Yanovsky anawonjezera ku dzina lake lachiwiri kuti atsimikizire kuti magazi ndi a Chosman Ostap Gogol, omwe adakhalako m'zaka za zana la 17.

Tate wa wolemba, a Afasastevich, amagwira ntchito ku Mafarsusk m'chigawo cha Mafoossich pa positi ofesi, kuchokera komwe adapuma pantchito mu 1805 muudindo wa koleji. Pambuyo pake, Gogol-Yanovsky adapuma pantchito vasasalvalka (Yanovschina) ndikuyamba kuchita zachuma. Mosamala Afasastevich wandakatulo, wolemba komanso kusewera: anali ndi zisudzo za mnzake wapamtima wa Trochinsky, komanso anachitanso pagawo ngati wochita sewero.

Pazopanga, adalemba zamasewera okhudzana ndi ma balads ndi nthano. Koma ndi ntchito imodzi yokha ya gogol-sr. - "Preleach, kapena chinyengo cha mkazi, yemwe anali msirikali" adafika ku owerenga amakono. Kuchokera kwa abambo Nikolai Vasalyevich amene adagwira chikondi cha activerary ndi luso la kulenga: Kuyambira ndili mwana adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ndakatulo. Mosamala Afasalich adamwalira pomwe Nicholas anali ndi zaka 15.

Amayi a wolemba, Maria Ivanovna, Nee Kosyarovskaya, malinga ndi nkhani za nkhani za nthawi, zinali zabwino ndipo amadziwika kuti kukongola koyamba m'mudzimo. Onse amene anamudziwa iye ananena kuti anali munthu wachipembedzo ndipo anachita maphunziro auzimu a ana. Komabe, ziphunzitso za Gogol-Yanovsky zidasaletsedwa kwa miyambo yachikristu ndi mapemphero, koma maulosi onena za khothi loopsa.

Amadziwika kuti Gogol-Yavolsky mayi atakwatirana ali ndi zaka 14. Nikolay Vasailyevich anali pafupi ndi amayi ake ndipo anakumbukiranso upangiri pa zolemba zake. Olemba ena amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha Mary Ivanovna, luso la Gogoli limaperekedwa ndi maluso komanso zachiwerewere.

Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Nikolai Vasalyvevich adazunguliridwa ndi moyo wachilendo komanso wachinyengo ndipo adapatsidwa meshcan, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mofatsa za ku Floolity.

Nicholas atakwanitsa zaka khumi, adatumizidwa ku Potatava, komwe adaphunzira sayansi kusukulu, kenako adaphunzira ndi kuwerenga ndi kuwerenga kwa mphunzitsi wa Gabriel Sorochinskykyks. Pambuyo pa maphunziro apamwamba, mnyamata wazaka 16 adayamba wophunzira m'masewera apamwamba a sayansi yapamwamba mumzinda wa Nezhin wa dera la Chernihiv. Kuphatikiza pa kuti mtsogolo motalika mabuku anali ndi thanzi lofooka, sanali wolimbana m'maphunziro ake, ngakhale anali atakumbukira kwambiri. Ndi sayansi yeniyeni ya Nicholas, ubalewo sunalipiridwe, koma adakwanitsa mabuku ndi mabuku.

Ena olemba masewera olimbitsa thupi adatsutsana kuti Wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adayamba kuchititsa maphunziro enieni, kuposa wolemba wachinyamata. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu zaka zimenezo, aphunzitsi ofooka omwe amagwira ntchito mu nezhinsky masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe sakanatha kupanga kuphunzira kwa ophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso m'maphunziro a maphunziro amakhalidwe sanaperekedwe kudzera mwa ziphunzitso za anzeru a otchuka, koma mothandizidwa ndi Cregol Chilango cha Rongor, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito akatswiri, amakonda okamba za mikangano ya Zaka za zana la 18.

Pamaphunziro ake, zopanga za Gogol, zopanga komanso zosintha zina ndi zowongolera. Pakati pa anzanu, Nikolai Vasalyvevich adayenda zamatsenga komanso munthu wosakhazikika. Wolemba adalankhula ndi Nikolai Prokopovich, Alexander Danienvyky, Chlor Doollhouse ndi ena.

Malembo

Gogol adayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a wolemba. Ankasilira A.S. Pushkin, ngakhale zolengedwa zake zoyambirira sizinali kutali ndi mtundu wa ndakatulo yayikulu, ndipo zina zambiri zidapita ku ntchito za urmememev marlinsky.

Adalemba zovala, zachinyengo, ndakatulo, zidayesedwa yekha ndi anzawo ndi mitundu ina. Pamaphunziro ake, adalembedwa ndi Satira "china chake chokhudza malo osakhala anthu, kapena opusa sanalembe chilamulo", chomwe sichinafikire tsiku lino. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mnyamatayo adawonedwa ndi mnyamatayo ngati zosangalatsa, osati kanthu kamoyo.

Zolembazo zinali za Gogol, "kuwala kwa kuwala mu ufumu wakuda" ndipo kunathandiza kusiya zowawa zauzimu. Kenako malingaliro a Nikolai Vasailyevich sanalidziwike kuti atumikire kwawo ndikukhala othandiza kwa anthu, akukhulupirira kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti akuyembekezera kuti anali woyembekezera.

M'nyengo yozizira ya 1828, gogol amapita ku likulu lachikhalidwe - petersburg. Mumzinda wozizira komanso wamdima wa Nikolai Vasalimo anali wokhumudwa. Adayesa kukhala mkulu, komanso adayesanso kulowa mu zisudzo, koma zoyesa zake zonse zidagonjetsedwa. Ndi m'mabuku okha omwe adapeza mwayi wopeza komanso kudziwonetsa.

Koma mwa wolemba Nikolai Vasalimoevich, chifukwa ndimadikirira magazini awiri okha a Gogol - Italy "ndi ndakatulo yachikondi", yomwe imafalitsidwa pa pseud. "Idylli omwe ali mujambula" adalandira ndemanga zingapo zoyipa komanso zachinyengo za otsutsa. Pambuyo pogonjetsedwa, Gogol adasowa m'mabuku onse a ndakatulo ndikuwawotcha m'chipinda chake. Nikolai Vasalolich sanakana mabuku, ngakhale atalephera, kulephera ndi GANZ KYEEERGARON yamupatsa mwayi wosintha mtundu.

Mu 1830, nkhani yachinsinsi ya Gogol "madzulo a Ivan Kupala" adasindikizidwa m'buku lotchuka la anthu onse ".

Pambuyo pake, wolemba amakumana ndi baron delvig ndipo akuyamba kusindikizidwa m'mabuku ake "Nyuzipepala ya Nikulu Yake" ndi "maluwa akumpoto".

Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Gogol atalandiridwa, adalandiridwa muzolemba. Anayamba kulankhula ndi Pushkin ndi zhukovsky. Amagwira "madzulo pafamu pafupi ndi Dikanka", "usiku watha Khrisimasi", "zopingasa", okonzekereratu "epion ndi nthabwala za ndakatulo ya Russia.

Ndikunena kuti Alexander Sergeyevich adapatsa Nikolai VasailEvich kupita ku Nikolai VasailEvich zatsopano. Anandiuza malingaliro a ziwembu za ndakatulo "miyoyo yakufa" (1842) ndi "Auditor" (1836). Komabe, p.v. Annenkov amakhulupirira kuti Phtingskin "sanamupatse cholowa chake."

Nikolai Vasalimon amene anali wokonda mbiri ya Madorodia, amakhala wolemba "Mirgorodod", womwe umaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo, kuphatikizapo taras bulba. Gogol M'makalata kwa Amayi Maria Ivanovna adapempha kuti anene za moyo wa anthu opita kumeneko.

Mu 1835, akutuluka nkhani ya Gogol "VIY" (yophatikizidwa ku Mirgorod) yokhudza chiwanda cha Epic of Russian. Malinga ndi chiwembu atatu, Bursaka adachoka m'njira ndipo adafika ku famu yodabwitsa, yemwe mbuye wake anali mfiti kwenikweni. Munthu wamkulu wa homa adzakumana ndi zolengedwa zomwe sizinachitikepo, miyambo ya tchalitchi ndi yamatsenga imawuluka m'bokosi.

Mu 1967, kanema woyamba wa Soviet pamsonkhano wa Gogol "VII" adayikidwa ndi owongolera Korstantin Erhov ndi George Krufano. Maudindo akuluakuluwo adachitidwa ndi Leonid Kuravlev ndi Natalia Varley.

Mu 1841, gogol amalemba nkhani yosafa "Shinel". Mu ntchito ya Nikolai Vasasachich nkhani za "munthu wamng'ono" Akakiyavich Bashmachkichich Bashmachkichich, yemwe wasowa mpaka pamlingo wosangalatsa komanso kudzoza.

Moyo Wanu

Polankhula za umunthu wa wolemba ", ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchokera ku Sasassasyevich, kuwonjezera pamabuku, adalandiranso tsogolo loti - ndimawopa kwambiri kumwalira wosewerera kuyambira ali mwana. Izi zidalembedwa ndi ogawika v.g. Korolenko ndi Dr. Bazhenov, kutengera zinthu za autobiographic za gogol ndi epistolar.

Ngati pa nthawi ya Soviet Union pa matenda ofera a Nikolai Vasalilyevich, inali yachikhalidwe kukhala chete, tsatanetsatane woterewa ndiwosangalatsa wowerenga waku Erudite. Amakhulupirira kuti Gogol adadwala kuyambira ndili mwana ndi matenda am'madzi (matenda a Bipolar adakumana ndi vuto): Zosangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa za wolemba wachinyamata zidasinthidwa ndi kukhumudwa kwakuthwa, Hypochondria ndi kutaya mtima.

Zinali ndi nkhawa mpaka imfa. Anavomerezanso zilembo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamveka "mawu osasangalatsa" omwe amamuchezera ali kutali. Chifukwa cha moyo wamuyaya, Gogol anakhala munthu wachipembedzo ndipo anachititsa kuti zinthu zizioneka bwino kwambiri. Amakonda akazi, koma patali patali: Nthawi zambiri ankakonda kunena Maria Ivanovna, yomwe ikupita naye kumayiko ena.

Anachita makalata ndi atsikana okongola a makalasi osiyanasiyana (ndi Maria Balabina, agogo anna Wiellorskaya ndi ena), kudzipangitsa okha kukhala achikondi komanso amadziletsa. Wolemba sanakonde kutsatsa moyo wamunthu, makamaka zinthu zina. Amadziwika kuti Nikolai Vasalyevich alibe ana. Chifukwa chakuti wolemba sanakwatirane, pali lingaliro logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ena amakhulupirira kuti sanapite pakhomo pagonic.

Imfa

Kumwalira koyambirira kwa Nikolai Vasalyevich pa chaka cha 42 cha moyo chimavomerezabe malingaliro a asayansi, olemba mbiri ndi ojambula nawo. Nthano zachizolowezi za Gogol, komanso za moyo wowona wa Imfa ya Vizierer otsutsana mpaka pano.

M'zaka zomaliza za moyo, Nikolai Vasalyevich yopanga mavuto. Anacheza ndi kunyamuka koyambirira ku mkazi wa Habokov ndikutsutsa nkhani zake zakale masamu Konstantinovsky, yemwe adalankhulanso chifukwa cholemba cha Gogol ndipo adakhulupiriranso kuti wolemba sanali wopembedza mokwanira. Malingaliro owoneka bwino amazindikira malingaliro a wosewerera, kuyambira pa February 5 Anakana chakudya. Pa February 10, Nikolai Vasasalich "yoyendetsedwa ndi mzimu woyipa" idawotchedwa ndi miyambo yakumapeto, ndipo 18, ikupitiliza kusunga malo akuluakulu, akugona ndi kuwonongeka kwakukuru.

Mbuye wa nthenga adakana chisamaliro chachipatala, kudikirira imfa. Madokotala omwe adawululira matenda matumbo, mwina a Tychuus komanso mopanda ulemu m'mimba, kenako adayikanso wolemba meningitis ndikuyipitsa mikhalidwe ya uzimu ndi yakuthupi ya Nikolai Vasalyevich. M'mawa wa February 21, 1852, Gogol anamwalira m'chipinda cha Tolstoy ku Moscow.

Kukumbuka

Ntchito za wolemba ndizofunikira kuphunzira m'masukulu ndi mabungwe apamwamba ophunzira. Pokumbukira Nicolae Vasaich mu Ussr ndi mayiko ena, matomita atatumiza. Dzina la Gogol ndi misewu, zisudzo zambiri, bungwe la sulagogical ngakhale khola la planet.

Pazolengedwa za Master Hyperboles ndi zofananira, zopangidwa ndi katha zimapangidwabe ndipo ntchito za tchuthi zimachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, mu 2017, wowonera waku Russia akuyembekeza kuti plimere a prictic ofufuza za Gothic "Gogol. Kuyambira "ndi Alexander Petrov ndi Oleg Menshikov mu maudindo akulu.

Zosangalatsa

Pazomwe mbiri yakale yosewerera pali zowona zosangalatsa, onse sangathe kufotokozedwa ngakhale m'buku lonse.

• Malinga ndi mphekesera, Gogil amawopa mabingu, popeza zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zinachita pa psyche yake.
• Wolemba anamwalira bwino, anayenda zovala zakale. Nkhani yokhayo yotsika mtengo m'bodzi yake ndi chotchinga chagolide choperekedwa ndi zhukovsky pokumbukira pushkin.
• Amayi a Nikolai Vasalvevich adayenda wachilendo. Anali wamakhulupiriro zachilendo, amakhulupirira zauzimu ndipo nthawi zonse amawuzidwa ndi mavuto.
• Malinga ndi mphekesera, mawu omaliza a Gogol anali kuti: "Kufa bwanji."

• CRAGOR idalimbikitsa mikhal bulgakov.
• Nikolai VasalIlvevich adakonda maswiti, motero m'matumba ake nthawi zonse amakhala ndi maswiti ndi magawo a shuga. Komanso, ntchito ya ku Russia ikukondedwa kuphika mkate zinyenyeswa mmanja mwake - zinathandizira kuganizira kwambiri za malingaliro.
• Wolemba anali wopweteka kwambiri, makamaka mphuno zake zimakwiyitsa.
• Gogol adachita mantha kuti liikidwe, kukhala m'maloto osokoneza bongo. Genius a Quus adapempha kuti mtsogolo thupi lake lidapereka dziko lapansi pokhapokha atangooneka ngati mawanga. Malinga ndi nthano, gogol adadzuka m'bokosi. Thupi la wolemba linasiyidwa, linadabwitsidwa omwe anali atawona kuti mutu wa akufa unazungulira.

M'bali

• "Madzulo pafamu pafupi ndi Dikanka" (1831-1832)
• "Nkhani yokhudza Momwe Ivan Ivanovorich adakangana ndi Ivan Nikiforovich" (1834)
• "VIY" (1835)
• "Holivetsky Howniners" (1835)
• Taras bulba (1835)
• "Nevsky propekt" (1835)
• "Auditor" (1836)
• "Mphuno" (1836)
• "Zolemba Zamisala" (1835)
• "Chithunzi" (1835)
• "Moto" (1836)
• "Ukwati" (1842)
• "Miyoyo Yakufa" (1842)
• "Shinel" (1843)