Mbiri Yodziwika
Ngwazi ya nthabwala za "Lady" zolembedwa za Denis Fonovizin. "Mnyamata wachinyamata", mwana wa AMBUYE wa malo. "Dona" munthawi za Foonvizin amatchedwa wachinyamata wa kalasi yabwino, yomwe idalibe chikalata cholembedwa cha maphunziro omwe aperekedwa. Mnyamata wotereyu sakana kulowa mbanja kapena kulowa mu msonkhano.
Asanayambe kugwira ntchito "zotsika mtengo", fonvizin idagwira chaka ndi theka ku France, komwe adadziwana ndi moyo wa dziko lino, adaphunzira ziphunzitso zapamwamba zadzikoli, rilosofi.
Lingaliro la kusewera lidabwera kwa wolemba atabwerera ku Russia, komwe kudachitika mu 1778. Gwirani ntchito pa play ponvizin yomalizidwa mu 1782, ndalama pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
Chiphunzitso
Mitrofawashka - mwana wa anthu osasangalatsa wolemba dzina la utoto. Amayi a ngwazi, odziwika bwino kwambiri poyambira, - mkazi woipa. Amapanga zofuna zake, zimadzithandiza kuti zisinthe zinthu zosiyanasiyana kudzikolo ndi bwalo laard. Nthawi yomweyo amakonda Mwana wake ndipo akuyesera kukonzekera m'moyo, kukwatiwa ndi sofore, mtsikana wokhala ndi cholowa chabwino.
Sophia lokha lili ndi chikondi ndi wachichepere wotchedwa Milosi.. Uwu ndi mtsikana wokoma mtima komanso wophedwa amene waphunzitsidwa, ali ndi womuteteza - amalume, yemwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Prostacova ali ndi mchimwene wake dzina lake Taras Skodinin (Mitrofakushka uyu ali ndi amalume). Cattlen, wokonda nkhumba, amafunanso kukwatiwa ndi Sophie chifukwa cha cholowa.
Abambo a Mitrofawashki ndi munthu wofooka komanso wosachiririka, wosaphunzitsidwa, sangawerengenso mawu. Ali pansi pa chidendene kwa mnzakeyo ndipo amangoganiza za momwe angakondweretsere. Mkazi wovomerezeka amatha kubereka papash prostakova.
Mitrofawashka, komanso makolo, sanafune kuphunzira, koma anayesetsa kupeza ntchito m'moyo wathu. Ngwaziyo ili ndi mphunzitsi, kuphatikiza seminaris yemwe amaphunzitsa ngwazi ya dipuloma ya Psalti, yemwe anali wosiyidwa, ndipo wosuta, yemwe amapita kwa wasayansi.
Kudutsa kumeneku kumalembedwa kuti aphunzitse ngwazi ya chilankhulo cha Chifalansa ndi "sayansi" ina, koma osakwaniritsa ntchito zawo ndipo amangolepheretsa ntchito ya aphunzitsi ena. Amayi sakhala ndi nkhawa zonse zomwe adaleredwa ndi maphunziro a ngwazi, koma amangotsatira zomwe zimachitika pagulu la nthawi imeneyo. Mitropakushki nawonso ali ndi cormatalist, yomwe imatchedwa "Emeeevna".
Mayi Phiri ali ndi banja la abale apamtchire. Msungwanayo anakulira ku Moscow ndipo anakula bwino, koma atamwalira (bambo ake atamwalira ngakhale kale) amalowa m'matanga. Awo "amawoneka" kwa malo osungira, nthawi yomweyo amaika ngwazi. Lingaliro lopereka Msungwana wa Mitropanushka abadwira m'mutu wa malo a danga atawoneka ngati amalume olemera, omwe amawaona ngati amene angakhale ndi moyo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo cholowa.
Panthaka yaukwati wakubwera wa Mitrofawashki akukhala mikangano yolimbana ndi amalume, a Taras Spavinin, omwe amaganizanso kuti akwatiwa ndi sofvinin, yemwe amaganizanso kuti akwatiwa ndi Sofvinin, yemwe amaganizanso kuti akwatiwa ndi sofye, yemwe amaganizanso kuti akwatira tofye, akwatiwe kuti atenge nkhumba m'manja.
Mayi Phiri, pakadali pano, akumana ndi wokondedwa-wachinyamata wa nthawi yayitali, ndipo amalume olemera amabwera kudzatenga mndende. Protakova amayesa kumwalira kwa amalume Mayifia kuti avomereze kukwatira Mitrofawashki pa mtsikanayo. Amalume, komabe, akufunafuna kutenga Sophia kupita ku Moscow m'mawa wotsatira.
Amalume amapatsa msungwanayo mwayi woti asankhe nokha mkwati, ndipo amapereka dzanja lake kupita naye kwa Miron, yemwe amamudziwa m'nyumba ya amayi. Amayi a Mitrofawashka ndi chiwembu. Anthu akuyesera kuti aba kukwatira mtsikana wokhala ndi Mitrofawashka mwamphamvu. Milon amachititsa izi ndipo amaletsa kuyesa, pomwe nyumba ndi midzi yomwe imachokera kwa iwo ndi boma la anthu ambiri. M'chimalo cha mkate wa mkate, Mitrofawash amatumizidwa ku ntchito.
Moyo wotere komanso kusowa kwa maphunziro anzeru kudagawidwa kwa ana a chipilala mu zaka zonsezi, motero Mitrofawashka mu seweroli ndi chithunzi chosaposa, koma ngati chithunzi cha nthawi. Maonekedwe a ngwazi sanafotokozedwe mwachindunji, koma amatha kuganiziridwa kuti Mitrofawashka amawoneka ngati woimira unyamata wa kukwaniritsidwa kwa nthawi imeneyo.
Ngwazi sizimakonda kuchita zinthu zina, kuphunzira, ntchito ndi makalasi aliwonse opindulitsa. Kuyendetsa nkhunda, theka la kavalidwe, lokumbukira nthawi, m'mawu ena mwanjira yosavuta - izi ndi zolinga za Mitrofawashka, ndipo amayi amalimbikitsa machitidwe a ngwazi iliyonse.
Makhalidwe a ngwazi amawoneka osasangalatsa - Mitrofawashka alchel ndi snup, oyipa, okonda kuchitika chidwi, achinyengo, ngati amabodza, ngati. Prostakava amakonda mwana wake wamwamuna, ngakhale atagwira ntchito kwa ena, Mitrofawashka adapereka amayi ake, ndikukankhira mfundo yomwe amayi adayesa kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa ngwazi.
Mitropanushka ndikwakalebwino kwambiri, amaganiza zokhazokha za chitonthozo chake chomwe, alibe chidwi ndi abale. Maganizo okhudzana ndi kuphunzira ku ngwazi ndi yosasinthika - m'modzi mwa aphunzitsi mitafawashka amatcha "ratrison ng iliyonse, kuyesayesa kwina koti athandize wachinyamata wina kuti aphunzire.
Zosangalatsa
- Fonvizin analemba kuti "Nepal" amasewera m'mudzi wa Sercow pafupi ndi Moscow.
- Play idayamba kutchuka, mawu oti "otsika mtengo" adafalikira, ndipo dzina la Mitrofawashka lidalumikizidwa ndi chifanizo cha munthu wopanda nzeru ndikuzichita.
- Pamasamba a magazini ya magazini "bwenzi la anthu oona mtima, kapena oyamba" adakhazikitsa masewera a masewera omwe amagwirizana ndi sewero. Magaziniyi adafalitsa kalata yolembedwa ndi Sofia Sofia, ngwazi za kusewera, komwe adadandaula za wokondedwa wake Miron, wamkulu wachichepere yemwe adaletsa chiwongola dzanja chosewera. Akuti adamkwatira, kenako adasinthana ndi "mkazi wonyoza." M'kalata yankho la oyamba kumene, amalume heroine, amatonthoza. Zosangalatsa zoterezi zidalandira gawo la chiwembu.
- Posewera Mayi Phophia amawerenga bukulo lomwe linalipo wolemba - mphunzitsi wa France ndi ziphunzitso za m'zaka za zana la 18 Francon, omwe adalemba chisankho "pa nkhani ya atsikana." Misewu, amalume Sofia, amatchula za buku la Wolemba "maulendo a Telemak" m'masiku amenewo.
- Fontevizin amayenera kukhala miyezi ingapo kuti akwaniritse. Seweroli silinkafuna kuyika ku Moscow kapena ku St. Petersburg, ozungulira adawopa chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwa zotsalazo, zomwe zidadzilola kuti wolemba akhale. Sewero loyambirira linaganiza zoyika zisudzo za Russia ku St. Petersburg. Kupambana kwa malo oyamba kunali kovuta - "Anthuwo anawabwezera kusewera ndi kuponyera mallet." Pambuyo pake, kusewera kunaikidwa kambiri, kuphatikiza ku Moscow. Kutchuka kwa "zotsika mtengo" "kumawonekeranso ndi kutuluka kwa masiku ambiri.
- Udindo wa Akazi a Prostaya adasewera wolemba Nikolai Gogol, kuyankhula mwa kuchita za ophunzira kwinaku ndikuphunzira ku Nezhinsky masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Chithunzi cha Mitrofawashki chikufanizidwa ndi Peter Grinevoy - mkulu wachinyamata ndi wolemekezeka kuchokera ku nkhani ya Yengkin "mwana wamkazi wa Capkin". Ngwazi zonse za ubwana wake zikakhala nazo mu Len ndi kuperewera, onse anali ndi aphunzitsi oyipa omwe sanamuphunzitse ngwazi, koma mosiyana ndi Mitrofawashki, akuwonetsedwa munthu woona mtima komanso wabwino.