Chiphunzitso
Pa nthawi yonse ya woimba, mafani akana mbale 40 miliyoni. Pazophatikizidwa ndi Ella Jane Soutzgerald adawonetsedwa ku ma Albums a Albums 90, kuphatikizapo solo ndipo adalemba ndi nyenyezi zina zapadziko lapansi. Mu ma 1950s, inali mwambo woyitanira mayi Jazz ndi makonsati mu White House.Mambo otsutsa amati woyimbayo "adakhumba" malire a mwayiwo ndipo amatha kuyimba chikwatu kwa foni ngati angafune. Fittzgerald adakwanitsa kuchita zomwe aliyense sanachite izi: anali woyamba kunena mawu, adasintha mawu a zida zoimbira. Ella adafotokoza zozizwitsazo:
"Sindinadziyike ndekha ku koloko-Saxopthone."Bulamay 13 Laupeate ndi mwiniwake wa zotsogola zonse zomwe zakonzedwa kale zidasinthidwa kukhala nthano yadzikonda ya Jazz, ndipo dzina lake lidayamba kusankhidwa nyimbo ndi matchulidwe.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wobadwa "dona Jazz" mu kasupe wa 1917 m'tauni ya Newport News. Kuchokera kwa makolo Elle yemwe anali ndi magazi aku Africa kuno ndi aku Ireland. William Fitzgerald adapotoza amamenya a forklift. Anaponya mkazi waboma wazaka 23 - kukhazikitsidwa kwa Tempi - atabadwa mwana Ella Jane. Kuti mupulumuke, periareda ndi mwana wamkazi wam'ng'ono anasamukira ku Yosurs kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa New York.
M'ma Jonrs, mayiyo adakumana ndi womuzunza ku Portugal, ndipo patatha zaka 6, Ella adawonekera mlongo wachidule Francis. Banja lopembedza lomwe limapezeka kwambiri Lamlungu lililonse la Mpingo wa Methodist. Apa Ella Fitzgerald adagulitsa koyamba, ndikuchotsa nyimbo za uzimu ku Africa-America - Mauthenga Abwino a Tchalitchi chakuda.
Amayi omwe ali ndi mwayi osachepetsa malekezero ndi malekezero: ndalama zokwanira chakudya ndi kubwereketsa chipindacho. Koma mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa adakula mwana wokondweretsa yemwe amangoona zipani zowoneka bwino. Ella Fitzgerald anali ndi chidwi ndi sinema, nyimbo, kuvina ndi masewera. Kukhala ndekha, mtsikanayo amaika mbale za Connie Boswell ndikuphunzira nyimboyo, kubwereza kuphedwa kwa m'modzi. Monga ana onse amtundu wamdima, Ella adavina ndikukhulupirira kuti kuvina kwawo kungakhale ntchito yake.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Fitzgerald Osopotel: Amayi adamwalira ndi vuto la mtima. Ella adayika maphunziro ake ndipo posakhalitsa adayiwala njira yopita kusukulu. Chifukwa cha zonyoza pafupipafupi ndi bambo wondipeza, mtsikanayo adachoka kunyumba ndikukhazikika ku Harlem pa azakhali. Koma kusukulu, ulemu wam'tsogolo sunabwerere. Kuti mubweretse ndalama mnyumbamo, wocheperako wa Ella Fitzgerald adakhazikika mu Harlem Bridondet wa Kaddedet ndikuwona mpando wa moyo wake.
Posakhalitsa mtsikanayo anali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito ndi apolisi. Ella Jane adagona m'malo osungira ana amasiye ku Bronx, kuchokera komwe adapita kupita ku Sukulu ya Boarding kwa atsikana. Ufulu Wokonda Ufulu wa Kuthawa kwa Sukulu ya Hudsonian Gudiarning ndikupezeka mumsewu: Kubwerera ku nyumba ya azakhali kunali kofanana ndi kubwerera ku makoma a Sukulu ya Boarding.
Nyimbo
Ella Fitzgerald anabwerera ku Harlem, komwe amagwira ntchito yovina m'milandu. Chiwopsezo chidagwetsa mwayi wobwera chifukwa cha umphawi: mu Novembala 1934, ovina a Novembala adatumiza mapulogalamu potenga nawo mpikisano wamakina a Opollo Harlem there. Fitzgerald adagwirizana ndi kuvina ndikubwera ku mpikisano, koma patsiku lomaliza asanagonjere kuvina, ataphunzira za omwe ali ndi zida zolimba za Ella adasinthidwa ndi mawu.Kuchita Ella Fitzgerakale, panali kavalidwe kamodzi, pang'ono pa siteshi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtsikanayo adatulutsa pamalopo adasokonezeka ndikumvedwa ndi mantha kuti mawuwo adasowa. Wochita mwambowo adasokoneza nthabwala ndipo pomwe adalowa pomwepo, adampatsanso mwayi wina. Kupanga kwa Judy Ella kunayimba kuti holo ya mmodzi kuchokera kuzosilira. Fitzgerald adapambana ndikulandila mphotho: $ 25 ndi anguzant ku Apollo kwa sabata limodzi.
Mbizinesi yolenga ya Ella Fitzgerald idayamba pang'onopang'ono. Gawo loyamba la mawu oposa mu 1935, pomwe adatengedwa kupita ku Jazi Gilke webbA. Poona Mutu, mtsikanayo adatsogolera Charles Linton, yemwe anali chic ume wopatsidwa mwayi kupeza nyali yaluso.
Kuwona Ella wosavomerezeka komanso wosavomerezeka, pamiyendo yomwe nsapato za amuna "zidagonjetsedwa", Chik anakana kumvera. Koma Linton adalimbikira, ndipo webb adadzipereka. Pambuyo pomvera woimbayo, adasaisa mgwirizano. M'chaka chomwecho, Ella Fitzgerald adalemba albity albity ndi Webba Orchestra.
Kuyambira chilimwe cha 1935, fitzgerald ochitidwa pa siteji "Apollo" komanso mu Harlem Wovina "Savoy". Posakhalitsa kuvina kwayamba kutchuka: Omvera adadza ku Savoy kuti amvere Ella, kuchoka ku mzinda wonse. Oimba akumaso adazizwa ndi kumverera kwa phokoso la mawu ndi kuwala kwake, "mawu".
Posakhalitsa achinyamata oyera a Fitzgerazild otsutsa adangochulukitsidwa ndikuyamika zosemphana. Albums atsopano omwe Ella amalemba mokhazikika, omvera nthawi yomweyo amatulukira. Woimbayo amadziwika, akuitanidwa ku Frawa ndi matelefoni.
Benny Goodman akulandila fitzgerald pawonetsero wake, ndipo Tdedy Phiri likuvulaza kuyimba ndi orchestra yake. Koma Ella adabweranso mchaka cha webbu, kukumbukira kuti kuthokoza kwa msungwana wosadziwika yemwe adasankhidwa kukhala nyenyezi, ndikovuta kufika ku makonsadwe ake.
Ndi Chikik ITBB VOCALIST idagwira zaka 7 zapitazi za moyo wake. Ma Maestro atamwalira, adatenga gulu la orchestra kuti azitsogolera, koma mu 1942 adabwereranso ku sitejiyo: kufunitsitsa kothetsa mphamvu zongoyimba. Panthawiyo, Ella Fitzgerazir - woimba wa pop pop kuti mbale zomwe mbale zomwe mbale zawo zimawonongeka ngati makeke otentha. Koma njira yopita ku Jazz idayamba.
Wochita masewera amamveka ndi kuyimba kwamatsenga Louis Armststrong ndipo sanabwerezenso zomwe zamvekapo sizinachite bwino. Posakhalitsa Ella Fitzgerald adazindikira kuti muyenera kuyang'ana Niche yanga, osayimba nyimbo za anthu ena. Wolemba mawu amaphunzira bwino kwambiri ndipo pofika pakati pa 1940 amakhala woimba wina, akusintha ngakhale mawonekedwe. Amachotsa malire pakati pa mawu ndi chida.
Nyenyezi ya Nyenyezi ya Inzzgerald yafika m'mbuyomu, pomwe B-Faidated BAB idabwera kudzalowa m'malo mwa Jazi. Spet Ella akuuluka kunyumba ndi mayi akhale wabwino, ndipo donayo akhale wabwino, amakhala wabwino kwambiri. Mu 1945, truimpshal March "drod Ya Jazz" pa ma kotala amayamba. Posakhalitsa fitzgerald wolemba onse a ine - kugunda, yemwe adachitidwa ndi Louis Armstrong ndi holide ya Billy.
Kuti muwulule kwathunthu talente ya jaocalists yomwe idathandizira manerma Norma Granitsa adathandiza. Adakakamiza America ndi Europe kuti azindikire zaluso za Jazz, osati mtundu wa mawu chabe. M'moyo wa Ella Fitzgerald, bambo uyu ankachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. Adatenga nkhawa zapaidiyo, adatenga gawo loimbira komanso nyimbo zodziimbira, kulola nllekwa kuti zitumize nyonga kuti alusojambula ndipo osasokonezedwa ndi china chilichonse.
Pitani nthawi yachilimwe Ella Fitzgerald adayimba snope ndi nduna yokhala ndi Armstrong. Wosakwatiwa amene anaphedwa padziko lonse lapansi mosungiramo chuma cha Jazi.
Pamodzi ndi Louis Armstrong vocatalist yemwe adatulutsidwa 3 studio. Awiri ali ndi miyezo ya Jazz, ndipo chachitatu ndi makonzedwe a opera "porgi ndi Bess" wa yopanga George Gershvin. Chimodzi mwazowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi "lullaby."
Sinema ya Cella Finald's nthawi zonse anali ndi chidwi. Mu 1955 adakwanitsa kusewera mufilimu "Blues Piet Kelly". Wotsogolera Jack webby adauza woimbayo kwa Maggie Jackson. Otsutsa adakumana ndi chithunzichi, koma adanenanso kuti ziyenera kuwoneka kwa mphindi 5 pomwe Fitzgerald imawonekera pazenera.
1950-60 - zaka zabwino kwambiri za nyenyezi ya ku Africa. Anzake ndi abwenzi a Ella adalankhula za luso lochita bwino la Fitzgerald. Adatsekedwa m'maloto okha, molingana zina zonse zidalephera kupumula, zosankha zotsatila, mosalekeza.
Mu 1960, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri adapezeka mzimayi wa Ella, koma ndalama zidatha mtengo: moyo unapeza tanthauzo la siteji. Ella Fitzgerald adayimba mpaka 1990s, mpaka adataya thanzi lawo ndi mawu. Nthawi yotsiriza yomwe adapita pa 1992. Woyimba wazaka 79 yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaka zopitilira 60.
Moyo Wanu
Ella Jane anali atakwatirana kawiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iye adapita pansi pa korona 24, kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Ndi Benny Cornegg, nyenyeziyo idakhala zaka ziwiri ndikuzindikira kuti sanamange.
Kwa nthawi yachiwiri, Alla Fitzgeran adakhala mkazi wokwatiwa mu 1947. Wosankha yekha Ray wa bulauni ndi woimba waku Africa yemwe ankamenyana ndi mabasi awiri. Ukuluwu unali wautali, komanso unatheranso chisudzulo. Ukwati wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuwonongeka pazifukwa zingapo: Mavuto abanja adasokoneza woimbayo kuchokera kwakukulu - kuyimba.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaKoma ukwati womaliza sunaike mfundoyo mu ubale wa banjali - Fitzgerald ndipo bulauni amamangirira mdzukulu wa Ella. Okwatirana ndi omwe kale anali nawo anapitiliza kugwirizana komanso pa siteji. Ray Brown Jr. adasiya makolo osamulera ndipo adakhala jazzman wotchuka.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, manyuzipepala adalemba za "dona jazz" ndi woimba wa Larsen, koma palibe chitsimikiziro cha mphekesera.
Imfa
Cha m'ma 1970s, thanzi Ella Fitzgerald, matenda a shuga adapezeka. Woimbayo anatha mawu, koma anali kuzunzidwa, kupitiriza kupita pa siteji.Mu 1986 mawu mawu, adachita opareshoni pamtima, ndipo mu 1993 - miyendo yonseyi inadulidwa.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaKutsitsa ziweto zotukuka kumene, pa olumala Ela Fitzgerald atapuma m'nyumba mwake m'mapiri a Beverly.
Mwana wa Rara ndi mdzukulu wa Alice adakhala pafupi ndi mkaziyo. Osati otchuka mu 1996. Ndinaika nyenyezi ya Jazz ku manda a California, omwe sanakhale ndi moyo wachikondwerero 80.
Kudegeza
- 1950 - Ella amayimba grhhwin
- 1954 - Nyimbo Zogwirizana Kwambiri
- 1955 - yokoma ndikutentha
- 1957 - Dopy ndi Bess
- 1958 - Khalani osangalala!
- 1960 - Moni, chikondi
- 1961 - Ella ku Hollywood
- 1965 - Ella mu hamburg
- 1968 - Dzuwa la chikondi chanu
- 1974 - Ella in London
- 1979 - machesi abwino
- 1983 - Donal