Ernest Hemingway - Biography, Chithunzi, Moyo Wake, Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Wopambana wa nkhuku wa hebel ndiye womasuliridwa kwambiri ku Russia ndi wolemba wakunja pa Soviet Union. Ntchito za Ernest zidasindikizidwa m'magazini "masiku 30", "kunja", "mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi, ndi zina zambiri zaku Europe."

Wolemba wamkuluyo anabadwira ku America, kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Michigan, kutali ndi likulu lachikhalidwe cha pakati pa anthu omwe ali pampando. Ernest anali mwana wachiwiri kuchokera kwa ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Mnyamatayo adaleredwa kutali ndi aluso olemba zolemba, koma ochita zinthu otchuka: Christor Hall Hall ndi Mr. Clarence Edmoning, omwe adadzipereka pa sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi zachilengedwe.

Ndikofunika kunena kuti kuphonya inali mayi wachilendo. Kukwatiwa, mosangalala ndi mawu owumala, mizinda yambiri ya United States, koma adasiya munda woyimba chifukwa cha zowoneka bwino. Atanyamuka, holoyo adamunamizira onse, koma osati. Atavomera kupatsidwa manja ndi m'mitima kuti, mkazi wosangalatsa uyu amakhala naye moyo wake wonse, ndikupereka nthawi yake kulera ana.

Koma ngakhale utatha ukwati, Chinala chitakhala chodabwitsa ndi wachilendo ndipo wachita zachilendo. Wobadwa wowawasa zaka zinayi zobiriwira m'madiresi obiriwira ndi mauta pamutu chifukwa mayi a hemimeway amafuna mtsikana, koma mwana adabadwa ndi mwana wachiwiri.

Mu nthawi yake yaulere, othandizira enieni a Clarence adalimbikitsidwa ndikuyenda ndi mwana wake wamwamuna poyenda, kusaka ndi usodzi. Ernation atakwanitsa zaka zitatu, anali ndi ndodo yake yosodza. Pambuyo pake, malingaliro a ana omwe amagwirizana ndi chilengedwe chimawonetsedwa mu nkhani za anyaniwa.

M'zaka zachinyamata, Hem (wolemba dzina) kampani yopukutira Werengani mabuku akale komanso nkhani zopangidwa. Kukhala pa benchi kusukulu, Ernest Dealated mu nyuzipepala yakomweko kukwawa: Adalemba zolemba zam'mbuyomu, anzanga ndi mpikisano wamasewera.

Ngakhale anali ndi Ernest ndipo adaphunzira ku Sukulu yakwanuko ya Oak-Park, mu ntchito zake nthawi zambiri amafotokoza Michigan kumpoto - malo okongola komwe adapita kutchuthi cha chilimwe mu 1916. Pambuyo pa ulendowu, Ernie adalemba nkhani yosaka "sei mbikalin".

Mwa zina, zomwe zikulapa zamtsogolo zimaphunzitsidwa bwino zamasewera: Amakonda mpira, kusambira ndi nkhonya, zomwe zimakonda ndi nthabwala za anyamata. Chifukwa cha kuvulala, anatsala pang'ono kuchititsidwa khungu kumanzere, komanso anawononga khutu lakunja. Pachifukwa ichi, mtsogolo, mnyamatayo sanatenge nthawi yayitali kuti akatumikire gulu lankhondo.

Ernie amafuna kukhala wolemba, koma makolo ake anali ndi mapulani ena amtsogolo. Clarence analota kuti ana ake adzatsatira mapazi a Atate ndi omaliza maphunziro ochokera ku mankhwala, ndipo Grace anafuna kukula kukula kwa mankhwalawa kapena firoven, kukakamiza nyimbo zake kukhala ndi misa. Mayi amenewa akusilirawa adakhudza maphunziro a hems, m'mene adasowa chaka chonse cha makalasi ovomerezeka, atatha masewerawa kupita ku Cello. "Amaganiza kuti ndili ndi luso, ndipo sindinakhalebe talente," anatero wolemba wokalamba mtsogolo.

Nditamaliza maphunziro awo ku sekondale, osamvera makolo, sanalowe ku yunivesite yaudindo, koma adayamba kuchita utolankhani mu nyuzipepala ya mzinda wa mzinda wa Kansas. Kuntchito, Apolisi a Hengumeway adakumana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe monga machitidwe osochera, kusakhulupirika, katundu wa akazi ndi akazi; Anayendera malo achiwawa, moto, anayendera ndende zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ntchito yowopsa iyi inathandiza opsinjika m'mabuku a anthu ndi zokambirana zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku wopanda tanthauzo la zokondweretsa fanizo.

Malembo

Pambuyo pa kuchita nawo nkhondo zankhondo mu 1919, omwe adasamukira ku Canada ndikubwerera ku utoto. Abwana ake atsopano anali bolodi ya ormonto Star Star Star, yomwe idalola zinthuzo kulembera zinthu pamitu iliyonse. Komabe, sikuti ntchito zonse za mtolankhani zidasindikizidwa.

Pambuyo pakangana ndi amayi amvula adatenga zinthu kuchokera kwa oak oak paki ndikusamukira ku Chicago. Kumeneko, wolemba anapitiliza kugwirizana ndi nyuzipepala yaku Canada ndipo yofananira yofalitsidwa m'makalata a Comlaicial Commonwealth.

Mu 1821, utakwatirana, Ernerner Heminieniey adachita maloto ake ndikusamukira ku mzinda wachikondi - Paris. Pambuyo pake, malingaliro a ku France adzaonekera mu bukhu la zokumbukira "tchuthi, chomwe chimakhala nanu nthawi zonse."

Kumeneku anakumana ndi Sylvia, mwini wotchuka wa mabuku akuti "Shakespeare ndi kampani", yomwe inali pafupi ndi Seine. Mayiyu anali ndi mphamvu kwambiri mu zozungulira, chifukwa anali iye amene adasindikiza Yamanja Yachikazi Yachimwemwe "Ulyses", womwe udawaletsedwa ndi wosuta ku United States.

Zikuwoneka kuti, am'mimba adakhala paubwenzi ndi wolemba Hertruda Stein, yemwe anali wanzeru komanso wodziwa bwino kwambiri ndipo adamuganizira moyo wake wonse. Mkazi wopatsa chidwi wotchulidwa ndi ntchito ya atolankhani ndipo akuumirira kuti Ernie adagwira ntchito yomaliza.

Kupambana kwa Mwini cholembera kunayamba kugunda kwa 1926 buku la bukuli "ndi dzuwa limatuluka" ("Gostame") za "m'badwo" wokhudza "m'badwo" wokhudza "m'badwo" wokhudza "m'badwo" wa "wotayika". Khalidwe lalikulu la Jake Barnes (Prototypehapo akumenyedwa kudziko lakwawo. Koma mu nkhondo adadwala kwambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti malingaliro azikhala moyo ndi akazi. Chifukwa chake, chikondi chake cha dlet beshley chinali ndi mawonekedwe a platonic, ndipo miyala yamphongo imachira ndi mowa.

Mu 1929, hemimeway alemba buku losafa "loyandikira, zida!", Zomwe mpaka lero mpaka lero zimalowa mndandanda wovomerezeka wophunzira ndi mabungwe apamwamba ophunzira. Mu 1933, mbuyeyo amapanga mndandanda wa nkhani zazifupi "Wopambana samapeza chilichonse", ndipo mu 1936 magaziniyo imafalitsa ntchito yotchuka ya hemimiwaro ", yemwe akuyang'ana tanthauzo la Moyo, ukuyenda mogwirizana ndi Safari. Patatha zaka zinayi, ntchito yankhondo idatulutsidwa "belu limayitanitsa".

Mu 1949, Ernen adasamukira ku Subny Cuba, komwe adapitilizabe mabuku. Mu 1952, amalemba nkhani ya fanizo komanso zachipembedzo, "bambo wachikulire", chifukwa champhaka za Nobel ndipo zimaperekedwa.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo wa Ernest Heminguway adatopa kwambiri ndi zochitika zamtundu uliwonse, zomwe sizokwanira komanso buku lonse pofotokoza za wolemba kwambiriwu. Mwachitsanzo, Mbuye anali "wofatsa kwambiri: Ali wachichepere kuti" atha kukhala ndi ng'ombeyo, ndipo adatenganso nawo Boriada, ndipo sanachite mantha kuti akhale yekha ndi LV.

Amadziwika kuti achidwi ndi anthu a akazi ndipo amadzifunsa kuti: Zinali bwino kuti mtsikana azitha kuwonetsa malingaliro ake komanso ulemu, ndipo Ernerne adamudabwa. Nthaka yam'madzi adadzipangira chithunzi cha mtundu wa Marquis desis desida, ponena kuti ali ndi mavuto ambiri, azimayi ambiri a negro. Zopeka ndi kapena ayi, koma zowona zakubadwa zikunena kuti Ernest anali ndi zosankha zambiri: Amakonda aliyense, koma ukwati uliwonse wotsatira udalakwitsa.

Woyamba Wokondedwa Enkest anali namwino kwambiri wa Agnes Von Kun Kurovski, yemwe ankamupatsa wolemba kuchipatala kuchokera ku mabala omwe adalandira pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Unali kukongola kowoneka bwino kumene komwe kunayamba kukhala prototype wa barclay wa Katherine kuchokera mu buku "lokhala ndi zida!". Agnes anali wamkulu kuposa zomwe adandisankhira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zakumva zazikazi zazikazi kwa iye, ndikuitanira m'makalata "Kid." Achinyamata amaganiza kuti amalembetsa bwino ubale wawo ndi ukwati, koma malingaliro awo sanawonekere, popeza mtsikana wa mphepo ankakonda zabodza.

Kusankha kwachiwiri kwa mtundu wa mabuku kunakhala piana wofiira tsitsi lofiira Halizable Richarlen Richardson, yemwe anali wachikulire kuposa wolemba zaka 8. Asakhale wokongola ngati Agnes, koma mayiyu munjira iliyonse adathandizira ochita kupanga machitidwe ake ndipo mpaka adampatsa makina osindikizidwa. Pambuyo paukwati, omwe angokwatirana kumene adasamukira ku Paris, komwe kuvulaza adakhala koyamba. Elizabeti adabereka kuti Hemo Hemoh a Johnley Nikarra (Bambi).

Ku France, Ernest nthawi zambiri ankayang'anira malo odyera komwe khofi amakhala nawo pagulu la anzawo. Kuphatikiza pakati pa omwe adawadziwa kumeneko panali mayi wina wa Duffs Dufdeden, yemwe anali ndi kudzidalira ndipo sanatherere ndi wamkulu. Ngakhale zochititsa manyazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azichita chidwi ndi zikhalidwe, ndipo Ernest sanali wosiyana. Komabe, wolemba wina wachinyamata sanayerekeze kusintha mkaziyo. Pambuyo pake, Tweedden 'adasandulika "mu bret ashley kuchokera ku buku" ndipo dzuwa limatuluka. "

Mu 1927, a Ernest adayamba kutenga nawo mbali ku Paulina Pbafar, bwenzi la Elizabeth. Poiloina sanayamikire ubale ndi mkazi wa wolemba, ndipo m'malo mwake, adachita zonse zopambana. Pfereor anali wabwino ndipo amagwira ntchito modabwitsa. Pambuyo pake, Ernerner adzanena kuti chisudzulo ndi Richardn adzakhala wochimwa kwambiri pa moyo wake wonse: amakondedwa Pausina, koma sanali wokondwa. Kuchokera pachikumbu cha chachiwiri kwa ana awiri anabadwa - Patrick ndi Gregory.

Mkazi wachitatu wa Laureate adadziwika ku US Collennant of Marill Gelllorn. Wosakakonda Blonde Wokongoletsa Kusaka ndipo sanachite mantha ndi zovuta: Nthawi zambiri zimafotokoza za nkhani zandale zomwe zikuchitika mdzikolo, ndipo zidagwira ntchito yoopsa. Atakwaniritsa mu 1940 chisudzulo chochokera ku Paulina, Ernest Apereka mwayi wopita. Komabe, posakhalitsa ubale wa omwe angokwatirana "adasoweka pa seams", popeza gellorn anali wamkulu wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo hemimeway adakonda kulamulira azimayi.

The wachinayi wopansidwa ndi mtolankhani Mariya wa Mary Welsh. Bwino laukwatiwu laukwati lidathandizira talente ya Ernest, komanso kuthandizanso kufalitsa zovuta, kukhala mlembi wa mwamuna wake.

Mu 1947, wolemba wazaka 48 amayamba kukonda ndi Adriana Ivanchich - mtsikana yemwe ali wochepera zaka 30. A Hengunguway adakoka chizungu choyera, koma Ivanchich adalandira wolemba nkhaniyo, monga abambo ake, ngakhale atakhala ochezeka. Mariya amadziwa za momwe amuna ake omwe amunawo anapulumutsira modekha komanso mwanzeru mwanzeru, podziwa kuti moto womwe ukuwukidwa mu umagwirira wa Humimeway suzimiririka mwanjira iliyonse.

Imfa

Zotsatira zake zinali kuvutika nthawi zonse chifukwa cholimbikira: Hemimeway idapulumuka ngozi zisanu ndi magazini asanu ndi awiriwo, adathandizidwa kuchokera ku mikwingwirima, kuphwanya komanso mawu a ubongo. Adathanso kudutsa zilonda za ku Siberia, khansa yapakhungu.

Posatsala pang'ono kufa kwa matenda a Erone Contance asanamwalire ndi matenda ashuga, koma chifukwa cha "kuchiritsa" adayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a katswiri wazamankhwala. Mkhalidwe wa wolemba adangokulira, pambali pake, adakumana ndi mitundu ya macilato onena za kuwunika. Malingaliro awa adachepetsa hemimeway wamisala: zidawoneka kwa iye kuti chipinda chilichonse, kulikonse komwe kunali, komwe kunali, ndi machenjerero a FBI amatsatiridwa paliponse pazidendene.

Madotolo a chipatalachi adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Matra ", kutengera mankhwala opanga magazi. Pambuyo pa magawo 13, machitidwe amisala adalandidwa kuti alembe, chifukwa zikumbukiro zake zowoneka bwino zimachotsedwa pamagetsi. Mankhwalawa sanathandize, Ernest anamwalira mwakuya komanso malingaliro osilira, kukambirana za kudzipha. Kubwerera pa Julayi 2, 1961 nditachotsedwa ku Ketchum, Ernest, yemwe anali "kumbali ya moyo," adadziwombera mfuti.

Zosangalatsa

• Tsiku lina, Ernest adakangana ndi abwenzi, omwe amalemba ntchito yodziwika bwino komanso yokhudza mtima padziko lapansi. Genius wa mabuku adakwanitsa kupambana kubetcha polemba mawu asanu ndi limodzi papepala:

"Nsapato za ana zimagulitsidwa: osavala" ("zogulitsa: nsapato za ana, osavala").

• Ervanchi asanafike zhuchi amawopa kuyankhula nawo pagulu, ndipo makamaka amadana ndi ma autograph. Koma munthu wamphamvu mosalekeza, akulota za siginecha yodziwika bwino, anayang'ana kwa wolemba kwa miyezi itatu. Zotsatira zake, hengumeway adadzipereka ndipo adalemba uthenga wotere:

"Viktor Hill, mwana wamwamuna wobayira weniweni amene sangamvetsetse yankho" Ayi! " ("Kwa Victor Hill, mwana weniweni wa bitch, yemwe sangatenge" ayi "yankho").

• Pamaso pa Ernest, Mariya Welsh anali ndi mwamuna yemwe sanafune kupereka chilolezo. Chifukwa chake, kamodzi wokwiya kwambiri adayika chithunzi chake kuchimbudzi ndikuyamba kuwombera mfuti. Zotsatira za chizolowezi chokhacho, zipinda 4 zidasefukira ku hotelo.

Hemingoue zolemba

• Popeza anali wodekha, sinthani malo oledzera onse kukhala moyo - idzakuphunzitsani kuti lilime lanu likhale.
• Muziyenda okha ndi omwe amawakonda.
• Ngati moyo mutha kukhala ndi ntchito yaying'ono, musachite manyazi.
• Osandiweruza munthu mwa abwenzi ake okha. Kumbukirani kuti abwenzi a Yuda anali osasamala.
• Onani zithunzi zosakhalapo, werengani mabuku moona mtima ndikukhala ndi moyo.
• Njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira ngati mungakhulupirire wina - kuti mumumukhulupirire.
• Mwa nyama zonse, munthu yekha ndi amene amadziwa kuseka, ngakhale ali ndi zifukwa zocheperako.
• Anthu onse agawika m'magulu awiri: omwe ali omwe ndi osavuta, osaphweka popanda iwo, ndi omwe zimakhala zovuta, koma zosatheka popanda iwo.

M'bali

• "Nkhani zitatu ndi ndakatulo khumi" (1923);
• "Masiku ano" (1925);
• "Ndipo dzuwa (lasalsa) limakwera" (1926);
• "Zabwino Kwambiri!" (1929);
• "Imfa pambuyo pa Noon" (1932);
• "SNG ya Kilimanjaro" (1936);
• "Kukhala ndi osakhala" (1937);
• "Lamulo litatcha belu" (1940);
• "Pa mtsinje, mumthunzi wa mitengo" (1950);
• "Wokalamba ndi nyanja" (1952);
• "Hemingway, nthawi yakuthengo" (1962);
• "Zilumba zopezeka kunyanja" (1970);
• "Paradisege" (1986);
• "Kutolere nkhani zazifupi za Ernest Heminguway" (1987);