Chiphunzitso
Msoti waku Roma wa Bulgakova adati: "Musawafunse kanthu! Palibe kalikonse, makamaka iwo amene ali ndi mphamvu kuposa inu. Udzapereka ndipo aliyense adzapereka zonse! ".Mawuwa adalemba kuchokera kuntchito yosafa "Master ndi Margarita" amadziwika ndi moyo wa Astria Schuber, omwe amazolowera pa nyimboyo "(" nyimbo yachitatu)).
M'moyo, sanayesetse ulemerero. Ngakhale ntchito za ku Austria ndikugawidwa kuchokera ku saloni zonse za Vienna, Schubert amakhala bwino kwambiri. Wolemba adatumiza malaya ake pa khonde lomwe lili ndi matumba mkati. Kuchita izi kunafotokozedwa kwa omwe amadzibwezera ndikutanthauza kuti tinali ndi zina zoti tichotse ku Schubert. Ndi kutsekemera kwa ulemerero kokha, Franz adamwalira ali ndi zaka 31. Koma pambuyo pake, genius wanyimboyu adazindikira kuti si nyumba yake yokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi: cholowa chachikulu cha Schubert ndi ntchito chikwi, nyimbo, Satatas ndi Ndenad ndi Ndenad.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A Franz Peter Schibert adabadwira ku Austria, osati kutali ndi mzinda wokongola wa Vienna. Mnyamata yemwe anali ndi gulu la mphatso atakula m'banja loipali: bambo ake ndi mphunzitsi wasukulu ya Franz Theodore - zidachitika kuchokera ku zovuta za Elizabeth, ndipo mayi ake a Elizabeth (Nee Hatz) anali mwana wamkazi wa wokonza ku Silesiman. Kuphatikiza pa Franz, okwatirana adabweretsa ana ena anayi (mwa ana 14 omwe adabadwa 9 adamwalira mu unyamata).
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mtsogolo mwaestro anasonyeza chikondi cha zolemba, chifukwa m'nyumba mwake nthawi inayo inali "nyimbo: Schubert-Sr. Ndimbale Franz anali wokonda piyano ndi kiyi. Franz Jr. adazunguliridwa ndi nyimbo zokondweretsa za nyimbo, chifukwa banja losangalala la mabebuli nthawi zambiri limalandira alendo, kukonza nyimbo zoimbira.
Kuzindikira talente ya Mwana Wake, yemwe ali m'badwo wachisanu ndi awiri ali ndi zaka zomwe sanaphunzire zolemba, makolo omwe adazindikira sukulu ya tchalitchi, ndipo M. Holzer adaphunzitsa Schubert wachichepere ku luso la mawu, lomwe adapereka ulemu ulemerero.
Wopanga tsogolo tsogolo litakwanitsa zaka 11, adaleredwa ndi cholembera kukhothi, chomwe chinali ku Vienna, ndipo adalembetsanso kusukulu ndi woukira, pomwe adakhala ndi abwenzi abwino. Mu malo ophunzirira, Schubert adamvetsetsa mwansanje ndi nyimbo nyimbo, komabe, masamu ndi Chilatini adapatsa anyamatawa.
Ndikofunika kunena kuti mwa talente ya wachinyamata waku Austria palibe amene amakayikira. STSEL Ruzhichka, yemwe amaphunzitsa mawu a ku France a kutchuka kwa nyimbo zamphamvu, mwanjira inayake
"Ndilibe chilichonse chomuphunzitsa! Amadziwa zonse kwa Ambuye Mulungu. "Ndipo mu 1808, Schubert adavomerezedwa kuti ali ndi chisangalalo cha makolo kwa ayamfumu. Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 13, adalemba zoyambirira za payekha, ndipo patatha zaka 2 ndi mnyamata wina yemwe adayamba kuchita ndi mayiyo wodziwika bwino Antoilio, yemwe sanatenge ndalama kwa mphotho ya achinyamata ya ku France.
Nyimbo
Lipoti la Schubert la Schubert la Schubet linayamba kusweka, wopatsa mwayi woganiza bwino adakakamizidwa kuti achoke. Abambo Franz adalota kuti adalowa mu seminare ya mphunzitsiyo, napita kumapazi ake. Schubert sakanatha kupirira zofuna za kholo lake, choncho nditamaliza maphunzirowa adayamba kugwira ntchito kusukulu, komwe ndidaphunzitsa zilembo za okalamba.
Komabe, munthu yemwe moyo wake unkakonda nyimbo, kugwira ntchito kwa aphunzitsi olemekezeka sikunali choncho. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa maphunzilo amangonyoza Franz, adakhala pansi patebulopo ndipo adapanga ntchitozo, ndipo adaphunziranso ntchito za Mozart, Beethoven ndi Glukka.
Mu 1814, adalemba chitoliro cha Opera "ndipo chimakhala chachikulu. Ndipo pofika zaka 20, Schubert idakhala wolemba nyimbo zisanu, yanjata isanu ndi iwiri yanzake ndi nyimbo mazana atatu. Nyimboyo sinasiye malingaliro a Schubert kwa mphindi imodzi: wolemba waluso adadzuka pakati pausiku kukhala ndi nthawi yolemba nyimbo zomwe zidamveka m'maloto.
Munthawi yake yaulere, Austria adapanga nyimbo zamadzulo: Mnyumba ya Schubert, yemwe sanachoke ku piyano ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwika bwino, abwenzi omwe amadziwa bwino.
Chapakati pa 1816, Franz adayesa kufika m'mutu wa chape laya, koma zolinga zake sizinakwaniritsidwe. Posakhalitsa Schubert chifukwa cha abwenzi omwe amakumana ndi Areton wotchuka ku Austrian Johanni.
Anali wojambula uyu yemwe anathandiza Schubert kuti adziwonetse yekha m'moyo: adachita nyimbo motsogozedwa ndi Franz akuphatikizidwa ndi nyimbo za Vienna.
Koma ndizosatheka kunena kuti Austria anali ndi chida cha kiyibodi monga carsoosove monga, mwachitsanzo, njuchi. Nthawi zonse sanalimbikitsa anthu omvetsera mwachidwi, motero chidwi chowonera chimalipira visa.
Mu 1817, Franz amakhala wolemba nyimbo ku nyimbo ya "Trout" wa a Natubert Achikristu. Komanso, wolemba nyimboyo adatchuka pa nyimboyo ku balad ya wolemba waku Germany Goetoy Tsar, ndipo nthawi yozizira ya Firnz "Erlafsee" Erlafsee "adasindikizidwa nthawi zonse kutchuka kwa schubert.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'zaka za kuthedwa, Franz ali ndi chibwenzi chopindulitsa. Chifukwa chake, omwe ali ndi anzawo (wolemba Baurfer, wopanga a Huittenbenner, artist schwind ndi abwenzi ena) anathandiza woimbayo.
Pamene Schubert adatsimikiza za ntchito yake, mu 1818 adasiya ntchito kusukulu. Koma abambo ake sanakonde kusankha mwadzidzidzi kwa mwana, motero anasokoneza mwana wake wamkulu. Chifukwa cha izi, French adayenera kufunsa usiku ndi abwenzi.
Maluso pa moyo wa wolemba anali wosinthika kwambiri. Opera "Alfonso ndi Olrella" pa zolemba za scher, zomwe Franz adaganizira za mwayi wake, adakanidwa. Pankhaniyi, momwe ma Schuteri a Schubert adakulira. Komanso mu 1822 wovotayo adachimwa matendawa omwe amachepetsa thanzi lake. Pakati pa chilimwe, a Franz adasamukira ku chisangalalo, komwe adakhazikitsa ku malo owerengera Johanna esteza. Kumeneku Schubert anaphunzitsa ana ake nyimbo.
Mu 1823, schubert imakhala membala wolemekezeka wa Schini ndi Lungi Soul Soun. M'chaka chomwechi, woimbayo amafalitsa nyimbo ya "Mellenchika" nyimbo za wolemba ndakatulo wachikondi wa Wilhelm Müller. M'mayiko amenewa, amawuzidwa za mnyamatayo amene anapita kukafunafuna chisangalalo.
Koma chisangalalo cha wachinyamata chinali mchikondi: pamene adawona mwana wamkazi wa Milr, muvi wakhosi unathamangira mumtima mwake. Koma wokondedwayo anakopa mnzakeyo, mlenje wachichepere, motero malingaliro osangalatsa ndi okwezeka komanso okwezeka a woyendayo posakhalitsa adayamba kukhumudwa.
Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa "Melnichi wokongola" m'nyengo yozizira komanso kumapeto kwa 1827, Schubert amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana otchedwa "nthawi yozizira". Nyimbo, zolembedwa m'mawu a Muller, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyembekezo cha chipongwe. Franz yekha adatcha "nkhata ya nyimbo zake." Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zimapangidwa ndi chikondi chokhudza chikondi cha Schubert omwe adalemba posachedwa.
Bizinesi ya Franz ikusonyeza kuti nthawi zina amafunikira kukhala mu chipinda chojambulidwa, pomwe iye ndi kuwala kwa rachin woyaka adalemba zodabwitsazi kwa anamwino a pepala loti ayake. Wopanga anali wosauka kwambiri, koma sanafune kukhalapo pa thandizo la ndalama.
"Kodi chidzandichitikire chiyani ..." analemba kuti, "ine, mwina, ndidzayamba kuchita ukalamba, ngati Harper wa Hetevian, apite pakhomo pakhomo ndikupemphaso pakhomo."Koma Franz sakanakhoza ndipo ndikuganiza kuti sangakhale ukalamba. Pamene woimbayo anali kutaya mtima, mulungu wamkazi wakhundidwa adamwetulira, mu 1828, Schubert adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa anthu am'madzi, ndipo pa Marichi 26, Wopekawo adapereka konsati ya wolemba koyamba . Ntchitoyo inali yopambana, ndipo holoyo idayatsidwa mokweza mawu. Patsikuli, Franz mu nthawi yoyamba komanso yomaliza m'moyo wake adazindikira kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino ndi ziti.
Moyo Wanu
M'moyo, wojambula wamkulu anali wamanyazi komanso wamanyazi. Chifukwa chake, ambiri a nthumwi kudapangidwa chifukwa chake. Zinthu za Franz zakhala zopunthwitsa panjira yopita chisangalalo, chifukwa okondedwa ake adasankha mkwati wolemera.
Chikondi cha Schubert chimatchedwa Teresa Horb. Ndi Franz yapaderayi idakumana, kukhala kutchalitchi kwaya. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti msungwana yemwe ali ndi malamulowa sanamve kukongola, koma, m'malo mwake, anali ndi mawonekedwe ake: Kukongoletsedwa ndi ma eye "osowa" oikidwa "pama eyels .
Koma palibe mawonekedwe omwe anakopeka ndi Schubert posankha dona wa mtima. Anakhazikika poti Teresa ndi urepid ndi kudzoza anamvera nyimbo, ndipo nkhope yake idapeza mawonekedwe achabechabe, ndipo chisangalalo chowala m'maso mwake.
Koma, popeza mtsikanayo adaleredwa popanda abambo ake, amayi ake adaumiriza kuti asankhe zomaliza pakati pa chikondi ndi ndalama. Chifukwa chake, gorb adakwatirana ndi pabusa olemera.
Moyo wonse wa Schubert ndiwosowa kwambiri. Malinga ndi mphekesera, wolembayo mu 1822 adadwala syphilis - panthawiyo matenda osachiritsika. Kutengera izi, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti Franz sanathetse nyumba zapagulu.
Imfa
Pakugwa kwa 1828, Franz Schubert adazunzidwa ndi malungo awiri oyambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana a matumbo - m'mimba typhoid. Pa Novembala 19, ali ndi zaka 32 zaka zosakwanira, wolemba wamkuluyo anamwalira.
Austria (malinga ndi zofuna zomaliza) zinaikidwa m'manda omaliza kumanda pafupi ndi fano la fano lake - Beethoven.
Zosangalatsa
- Kuti mubwezeretse ndalama zopambana, zomwe zinachitika mu 1828, Franz Schubert adapeza piyano.
- Pakugwa kwa 1822, wovota adalemba "Symphony No. 8", yomwe idalowa ndi nkhaniyo ngati "symy yopanda tanthauzo". Chowonadi ndi chakuti poyamba franz adapanga izi mwanjira iyi mwanjira ya autilaini, kenako mu gawo. Koma pazifukwa zosamveka, Schubert sanamalize ntchito pa gulu la gulu. Malinga ndi mphekesera, zolembedwa pamanja zidatayika ndikusungidwa ndi abwenzi a Austrian.
- Ena molakwika ku Schubert wolemba dzina la seweroli. Koma mawu oti "nthawi yopeka" adabwera ndi wofalitsa leiddesdorf.
- Schubert adaphika gota. Wolemba nyimbo yemwe anali kulota kukumana ndi wolemba wotchuka uyu, koma loto lake silinakwaniritsidwe.
- Schuber wamkulu wa Dsubet adapeza zaka 10 atamwalira.
- Polemekeza Planz "Rosamndi" adatchedwa Asteroidiid, omwe adatsegulidwa mu 1904.
- Pambuyo pa manda a Woyipanga, zopezeka pamipukutu osafunikira zinakhalabe. Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu sanadziwe zomwe a Schubert.
Kudegeza
Nyimbo (zoposa 600)
- Kuzungulira "Zokongola Zokongola" (1823)
- Njira Yoyenda "Yozizira" (1827)
- Kutolera "Swan Song" (1827-1828, Posthuous)
- Pafupifupi nyimbo 70 pa malembawo Piethe
- Pafupifupi nyimbo 50 pa zolembedwa za Schiller
Mkampho
- Woyamba D-Dur (1813)
- Lachiwiri B-Dur (1815)
- Kachitatu D-D-Dur (1815)
- Wachinayi C-Moll "Thumba" (1816)
- Lachisanu B-Dur (1816)
- 6 C-D-Dur (1818)
Ma quartti (22 okha)
- Quartet b-dir op. 168 (1814)
- G-moll Quartet (1815)
- Quartt A-moll op. 29 (1824)
- Quartat d-moll (1824-1826)
- Quartet G-Dur OP. 161 (1826)