Mbiri Yodziwika
Polychraph cha mipira ndi chipatso cha kuyesera kowopsa, komwe kumaphunzitsidwa m'ma 20s a zaka 20 zapitazi mu ntchito ya Mikhal Bulgakov "Mtima wa galu". Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi choyipa, m'buku ndi makanema otsogozedwa ndi Vladimir Bortko, adatuluka wokongola. Chinsinsi chagona chifukwa galuyo, monga munthu amene adamulandira Iye, sayenera kumangoyambitsa masewerawa motsutsana ndi chilengedwe, chomwe anthu adayambira. Zinaperekedwa pakupanga chithunzi cha mtima ndi Vladimir Tolokov, gawo labwino kwambiri m'chithunzichi cha Bortko.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Ntchito yayitali yogwira ntchito yatsopano ndi chiwembu chosangalatsa komanso chiwongola dzanja kwa owerenga zidayamba mu 1925. Mikhal Bulgakov adaganiza zolemba mbiri yodabwitsa ya zoyeserera za munthu pa chilengedwe cha munthu wotchedwa "Chimwemwe cha Galu. Nkhani yovuta. "
Nkhaniyo idayenera kusindikizidwa mu magazini ya "Nedra", koma zitseko za bukuli zikasokonekera pambuyo pa ulaliki wake pa Misonkhano Yakale "Nikitsky Loweruka". Zowona kuti kuwunika kunawona kuti "odandaula, yopuma pantchito," anaphunzira mphamvu ya bomba ku dodo, ndipo ntchitoyo inaletsa mkango Kamenesiyo.
Munyumba ya wolemba "wagalu mtima" nthawi yomweyo idawoneka ndikusaka, kujambula makope awiri a nkhani yolembedwa pamanja. Komabe, ntchito zalembedwa mu 1960 zinakhala monga Samizdat, kenako inatha. Pambuyo pa zaka 20, malo obadwa adaganiza pamagazini "mbedza" "mbedza", koma anali osiyana kwambiri ndi oyambayo. Chowonadi chakuti malinga ndi bulgakov, owerenga amangolandira koyambirira kwa kubwezeretsa.
DZINA LA Galu wosowa pokhala, Mikhail Aipasasvich, adasankha mwambowu, ngakhale sizinazikonde pambuyo pake. Mpira ukutanthauza "kuchepetsedwa ndi kuzungulira", komwe sikugwirizana ndi galu wotchedwa ndi woonda. Ngwazi movutikira, koma inasiya ndi dzinalo, kumutenga ngati dzina.
Koma za polygraph ya polyghovich, malingaliro a ofufuzawo adagawanika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti wolembayo adapereka ufulu wosankha dzina la dzina - Sharicov adamva kuti tsiku lidabwera patsiku la tsiku losindikiza. Ena amawona zonena zabodza, zomwe Burgakov idachita makamaka, chifukwa chipangizocho chimakupatsani mwayi wowerenga ma psychophological zinthu zamoyo.
Biography ndi chiwembu
M'nkhaniyi, milandu ya ku Russia imalemba moscow ya 1927. Bizinesi ya agalu yopanda mtundu ndi fuko silingagonje: kuyambira ndili mwana, amayenda motsatira yunifomu ya mzindawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Galu ali kutali ndi opusa: amalankhula za lingaliro la moyo, limawerengera zizindikiro ndi ma kibaks ndipo zimakwaniritsa za anthu. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi sadakonda aja oyang'anira omwe amathamangitsa tsache, zomwezo kuti aliyense momwe masitoni amasewera ali osauka ndipo chifukwa chake amapita kukadya chipinda chodyeramo. Ndipo mu mzimu wa Psa, kusangalatsa kwa makumbukidwe a chigawo cha Vlas, popanda mafupa a nyama kuti asungunuke.
Tsiku lina, tsoka limachepetsa galu wopanda nyumba ndi Filipovich Probrazhensy, dokotala yemwe amakonzekera mwadongosolo la anthu. Pulofesa wina wamadzi otentha, pulofesa poyamba adathamangitsa milungu yokoma, kenako nkumamusiya akhale m'chipinda chisanu ndi awiriwo. Preobrazhensky adatenga kuyesa kwamitundu yabwino kwambiri pakuyika ndi nyama ya mtundu wa Auennikov ndi PinuitARERARE GRAEN GAWO yokulitsa kukula ndi chitukuko. Woperekayo anali chidakwa ndi chidakwa chopha ndipo anali womenyedwa Klil Chugilkin, akugwira ntchito ngati balala wololera ku Kabak.
Kuyesera, ngakhale kunali kotheka, koma khalidweli lidakhala loyaka. Makhalidwe a munthu watsopano pagulu adawopa profesa: Gulu lokongola komanso lokongola lidasandulika kukhala munthu yemwe aliyense wopereka adasakanikirana. Mipira ili ngati mlim, amakonda kumwa, abowo ndi manyazi ndi mwini nyumbayo, amamunyoza ndi nzeru komanso zabwino. Njira zophunzitsira sizichita bwino. Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe kumapangitsanso kunyansidwa: Mipira imafuna kuwoneka ngati France, imayenda mu jekete ndi tayi, koma zovalazo zimasankhidwa ndi zonyansa.
Kupitilira apo. Polygraph Polyghovich amalowa mtsogoleri wa banja la Schwanider, amalandira pasipoti ndipo amatenga seramu ya amphaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa zikuluzikulu zokhala ndi likulu. Ubwenzi wokhala ndi lupanga kumachokera ku lexicon dzulo la galu wachikhalidwe, mawu okhumudwitsa m'gulu la Pulofesa. Ndipo zikhulupiriro zimakhazikika m'maganizo kuti mipira ndioyimira po priletaliati, yomwe imabzala ku kuponderezedwa kwa Bourgeois.
Kulandila alendo kumawopseza kuti "kholo" ndi makhothi a makhothi ogwiritsira ntchito matupi ndi malingaliro a ufulu wawo wokhala ndi "malo okongola". Philippovich akumva kuti, zikuwoneka kuti panali chiukitsiro chachikulu cha womwalirayo komanso woledzeretsa.
Kukhumudwitsidwa m'zotsatira za kuyesayesa, Preobrazhensy akumaliza kuti kutanthauza kusewera ndi chilengedwe komanso koopsa. Ndipo pambuyo pa Debona wotsatira, pomwe Sharikov anali ndi nthumwi yake, pulofesa, limodzi ndi wothandizira wobwereketsa, asankha kuyika zonse m'malo mwake. Ogwira ntchito adabwezanso moyo wa zomwe zidayamba za Sesa, chidwi, ofatsa komanso okhoza kufananitsa anthu.
Kutchinga
"Mtima wa Galu" adalowa sinema kawiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhani ya wolemba waku Russia idatetezedwa ndi Alberto Latida Lattada, kusintha dzina la munthu wokhala ndi Bobikov. Chipatso cha kuyeserera kwamankhwala molimba mtima mu 1976 filimuyo idaseweredwa ndi Kochi Polani.
Chithunzithunzi cha Soviet wamkulu wa Soviet Vladimir Bortko adakhala mawonekedwe owala. Mu 1987, adalandira lingaliro kuchokera kumutu wa wailesi yakanema "Lenfilm" kupanga kanema kutengera ntchito ya Bulgakov. Mukamawerenga magaziniyi ndi buku la nkhaniyo, Vladimir Vladimirovich nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti kukhazikitsa kwake kungamasulidwe m'matani oyera ndi oyera.
Wogwira ntchito ya galu wochokera ku gawo linafunidwa mu mgwirizano wonse. Ngakhale Alexey Zharkov ndi Nikolai Karabrinlov adanenanso za chithunzi cha chikondi, koma Vladimir Tolokonnov adapambana fiberglass yosadziwika, modzichepetsa adagwira ntchito mu thehitter. Bortko Actor ankakonda ndi kujambula. Pambuyo pake, Wotsogolera wavomereza:
"Mtunduwu ndi zomwe zikufunika. Mzere wopapatiza pamphumi pamwamba pa contux abrasions, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ochokera pansi pamanja ndi mano akuluakulu. "
Ndipo pazitsanzo, Bortko adatuluka mchipindamo kuti akakumbe. Kwambiri ndi mlengi wa chithunzi cha mawonekedwe ake ndi vodika. Adakumbukiranso:
"Volwadyda adandipha nthawi yomweyo, monga momwe adapangira movodka ndi mawu akuti:" Ndikulakalaka zonse! ". Anandikoka motsimikizika, kunakopa kwambiri Kadyk yake, yomwe ndinamuvomereza, osazengereza. "Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a Tolonnikov, osasandukira zinthu zambiri ngati zokongola, adasandulika kuchuluka kwa mamiliyoni a anthu. Pakadali pano, powombera, wochita seweroli sanasangalale ndi masewera ake, adapemphanso kawiri.
Galu, kusewera mpira, koyeneranso kusamalira. "Mlemekezedwe" wa Karai anali wobadwa mwaluso, womwe unali mwana m'mphepete mwa ma Garages Musna nikiforova. Agalu 20 adazengedwa mlandu, koma olemba kanema wa adalemba kararaya chifukwa chakuti anali "Woyera Woyera" wosavuta, akuyenda pamutu, ngakhale adagawana amphaka), khalani "bunny". M'tsogolomu, galuyo adapanga mainjiniya wabwino wa filimu: M'chulu wa nkhumba wakhungu "woperewera", nthano "kwanthawi yayitali.
Zosangalatsa
- Ochita nawo maudindo onse mu Soviet "Canine Mtima" unakhudzidwa ndi zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kupyola kupota, koma sikunagwere mndandanda wa akatswiri ojambula ndi Seraday Faraday (iye anali pa gawo la Schweninder) ndi a Leonid Roxvory (Pro Pro Probrozhenshensky). Zotsatira zake, zithunzizi zimaphatikizidwa ndi Rorsev ndi Yevgeny Evastigneev.
- Galu wa Karai momwe mpira umawoneka wowoneka kuti wamkulu nawonso ndi wosalala, chifukwa chake galu adapangidwa ndi gelatin pakujambula, mothandizidwa ndi komwe ubweya udapangidwa ndi Kloby.
- Vulgrash Chasposhki ya polygraph sharictov, yomwe adabzala pachithunzipa, adapanga Back Back Julius Kim.
- Chipilala kwa ngwazi za nkhaniyi - pulofessor Joobrazhensky ndi Sharikov - kuyambira 2010 amakongoletsa malo odyera a Kharkiv, Sharikoff ".
- PSEUDNAMMNO Polygraph Balaikaff imavala woimba Sonfy Sergey Pargehomenko, wotchuka chifukwa cha kugunda "Black Boomer". Mu 2015, wojambulayo adagonjetsa nsonga yatsopano, ndikuwonetsa "chidwi" ku Khothi Lamans.