Mbiri Yodziwika
Ntchito ya Leo NikolayEvich Tolstoy "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" imapangitsa malingaliro awiri ogulitsa mabuku. Ena amawerenga buku lovuta ndi umphawi, ndipo enawo alibe mphamvu kuti awerenge ntchito yonse, kotero bukuli ndi fumbi pa mashelufu am'mwamba. Iwo omwe adatha kuwerenga ntchito zonse kuchokera kumtundu wathu mpaka kutumphuka, atsimikizire kuti "nkhondo ndi mtendere" ndiyemwamba kwambiri kuposa mabuku aku Russia. Kupatula apo, Tolstoy adatha kuwonetsa owerenga osati kutsutsidwa kwamtendere komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso anthu okongola omwe ali ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zachilengedwe.
Titha kunenedwa kuti Lev Nikolaynich, ngati Nikolai Gogol mu "miyoyo yakufa," idavumbulutsa psyuna ya anthu. Koma ngati achichepere ena amapangitsa kuti mafani (mwachitsanzo, Draco Malrofer kuchokera ku Harry Potter), ndiye kuti sanle mosasamala siyikuwoneka ngati mafani, chiwerewere, chisokonezo, chiwerewere. Komabe, mulimonsemo, Levi Nikolaevich amabweretsa mabungwe a mabuku omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe ichi ali pafupi mokwanira, chifukwa ndi anthu anzeru okha omwe amaphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu ena, ngakhale ngati zopeka za anthu ena, ngakhale zikadakhala zopeka.
Mbiri Yolengedwa
Lev Nikolayvich Tolstoy adalimbikira ntchito yake yofunika kuyambira 1863 mpaka 1869. Poyamba, bukuli linali kunena za mchitidwe wonyenga, yemwe amabwerera limodzi ndi banja lake kupita ku Ufumu wa Russia. Koma wolembayo atayamba kuganiza za malongosoledwe a munthu wamkulu, adasunthira ntchito mu 1812. Monga mukudziwa, chinali nthawi yovuta kusonkhana, chifukwa chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa Alexander I kuti ikhalebe yodikirapo kwa Napoleon Bovarte ku Russia, nkhondo yokhudza dziko la dziko linayamba.
Wolemba adadzozedwa ndi zochitika zamagazi zaka zapitazo ndipo adapita kwawo kumudzi wa Borodino, komwe nkhondo yayikulu idachitika. Pofuna kuti musakhale opanda maziko ndikulimbikitsa malingaliro anu ndi zowona, nzeru zomwe mabuku amafalitsa mabuku amadalira ntchito zasayansi za olemba mbiri yakale komanso kujambula metoxirts.
Kulengedwa kwa Sergei ndi Fhodor Glinka, Mikhal Speransky, Augusta Marransks, Olemba ena adagwera m'manja mwake. Koma cholinga chachikulu cha Tolstor sichinajambule mikangano pakati pa ufumu wa ku Russia ndi othandizira ku France kapena zochita za atsogoleri ndi asirikali. Anafuna kuwonetsa kuganiza ndikusintha munthu munthawi yochepa yotayika ndi zolephera. Zipangizo zoyendetsedwa ndi zilembo 550, koma owerenga amangokumbukira ochita zikuluzikulu: Natasha Rostovlov, Andrei ndi Markol Kuragin.
Chiphunzitso
Ngakhale kuti Lev Nikolayvich adakonda kwambiri, zimawoneka kuti zikuwoneka kuti zinthu zosawoneka bwino, za mbiri ya Helen Kuragin, odana ndi mawonekedwe owopsa, amatchulidwa osadziwika. Zimangodziwika kuti mtsikanayo alibe zaka 25. Komabe, wowerengayo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yovuta kutengera machitidwe odabwitsa a mayi mtsikana uyu: makolo ake sanayesetse kuti apereke mwana wawo.
Mkaziyu ali ndi machitidwe osasangalatsa, samayamikira chikondi ndi banja; Zonse zomwe amafunikira ndi anthu ndi chuma chakuthupi. Heranes Helen samapanga zolinga ndi njira zokwaniritsa ndalama zolemera, chifukwa sizikugwira ntchito, koma kulota kuwunikira pa Bala.
Chifukwa chake, kukongola ndi maso akuda ndi mtundu wa tsitsi wopanda tsitsi popanda nthambi ya chikumbumtima kumakhala wokonzeka kusintha masaya amoyo ali ngati magolovesi; Ndi antipode wowoneka bwino wa Natasha rostova, womwe sukuwongoka ndi malingaliro, koma ndi wonyamula mtima. Kuchokera pa chiwembu cha "nkhondo ndi mtendere" zimadziwika kuti Helen amadziwika kuti Helen adatenga lingaliro la dzanja ndi mitima ya Pierre Zuhovov, kuti aphunzire za abambo ake.
Bezukhov, wopotozedwa ndi kukongola kwa Helen, adamutsogolera pansi pa korona, ndipo atangophunzira za chuma cha dongo, bambo wolamulira wa Kuragin adaponyera magologuwa. Wokonda mnzake adavulala, koma osaphedwa.
Kenako, mtsikanayo amaphunzira kuti "wokondedwa" akufuna kupita kumzindawo. Helen sakumva chisoni ndi izi chifukwa akuyembekezera imodzi yokha - gawo la cholowa. A Kuracina atakhala ku St. Petersburg, adalenga chithunzi cha mkazi wachisoni, mwamunayo "atanyansidwa" pa chifundo cha tsoka.
Ndinalibe nthawi yoyiwala bezuhov, pomwe nthawi yomweyo ndimalowa m'makaipeti. Amatenga chibwenzi kuchokera ku "gulu" lake Boris Drustsky. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene akuwani kuti akhale ku Lithuania, imayamba chibwenzi ndi kalonga wachichepere. Koma pamene wokondedwa wake adayamba kukhala pamalo amodzi, amayamba kukhala wopanda pake.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Tolstor akuika chidwi pakusintha chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi kukula kwake, ndipo mawonekedwewo ayenera kukhala ndi moyo mulimonse. Pali ngwazi zomwe zidazindikira kuti zomwe amachita sizigwirizana ndi mfundo zachilungamo, mphamvu ndi umboni. Komabe, ndi Helegnon Izi sizichitika, iye, monga palibe wina aliyense amene amapereka mwambi "Manda Modekha adzalondola."
Kuti athetse vutoli, mtsikanayo anayenera kubisa tanthauzo lake pansi pa nsembeyo. Dona wachilendo adalankhula ndi ena, kuti ateteze mwachangu chibwenzicho ndi ukwati wa Uzami, ndipo adalonjeza kuti, atenga Chikatolika. Chiyanjano chomwechi chinachitika ndi kalonga wachichepere.
Pakati pa kukongola kunapangitsa kuti amuna awiri otchuka, koma omwe akufuna sanachitike, popeza mu 1812 matenda adagonjetsa matendawa. Oragin, omwe sanazolowere mankhwala aku Russia, adatembenukira ku Italian Dr., yemwe adalemba ngwazi "zozizwitsa".
"Aliyense anali wodziwika bwino kwambiri kuti matenda olakwika omwe adachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe adakwatirana kamodzi, ndikuti mankhwala a ku Italy adalemba izi," Lev Nikolayvis adalemba.Ngakhale izi sizinatchulidwe za bukuli, ofufuza ena amaganiza kuti mnzake amafuna kuti achotse mimbayo. Ena omwe amaika mitundu iwiri ya chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa Kuragina sagwirizana ndi zonena za kusokonezedwa kwa mimbayo. Chifukwa chake, funso lomwe Helen Ku'ngin adamwalira, titha kuyankhidwa motere: kapena kuchokera ku bongo la mankhwala olembedwa ndi Anginani, kapena kuchokera kunkhondo mosayembekezera.
Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Wolemba anali wa zolengedwa zake kukaika ndipo adalemba mwanjira inayake pamsonkhano ku Athanasia fetua mu kalata:
"Ndine wokondwa bwanji ... Choyenera kulemba mtundu wa" nkhondo "yomwe sindidzakhalanso."Koma Lev Nikolayvich angadziwe kuti buku la "nkhondo ndi dziko" lingakhale ngati chinthu chopangira mafilimu osati ku Russia zokha, komanso ku Hollywood. Kanema potengera ma epic, tikambirana zabwino zodziwika bwino.
"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" (1956)
Mu 1956, "fakitale yolota" idakondweretsa sinema ya dzina lomweli la buku la Tolstoy, ndipo wopanga kampaniyo sanalankhule ndi mfumu Vidor, yemwe adayesa kumvetsetsa moyo wa Russia.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chithunzicho sichili chosiyana kwambiri ndi cholembera choyambirira, koma chimalipira kwambiri kukhulupirika ndi cholanda, komanso zokumana nazo zodziwika bwino. Udindo wa Curaleg, Marianne Ekberg, yemwe adagawana filimuyo kuchokera ku Henry Foundation, Chalk Ferrer Hep Bustern, Vittoi Gassman ndi Osewera Ena.
"Nkhondo ndi DZIKO" (1967)
Director Sergey adathandiziranso pamndandanda wazojambula za masomphenya a "nkhondo ndi Minman Pompopompo Mu mbiri ya Uscer, ndikuwombera watsopano ndi malo okwera mtengo.
Ntchito pa filimuyi idakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo atafika pachithunziko, adayamba kubwereketsa kwa Soviet. Chithunzi cha Helen anayesa ku Acress Irina Scobseva. Maudindo ena anachita lembord Mountlyelev, vyachelav tikhinov ndi nyenyezi zina za cinema.
"Nkhondo ndi Dziko Lapansi" (Nkhani Za TV, 2007)
Austria Cormator Rornga Dorngelm adapereka kwa omvera kutanthauzira kwa buku lodziwika bwino posintha chiwembu.
Kuphatikiza apo, opanga filimuyi yomangidwa mitundu yambiri yochoka ku Canon, ndi ochita sewero, mawonekedwe ake omwe samagwirizana ndi kufotokoza kwa omwe akutchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, blonde Kurain adasewera chenhanta pourly.
"Nkhondo ndi Dziko Lapansi" (Nkhani Za TV, 2016)
M'nyengo yozizira, 2016 pamsewu umodzi, kusintha kwa buku la Tolstoy mu Foni ya Mini-Pum.
Nthawi zambiri chiwembu chimazungulira pachibwenzi pakati pa otchulidwa. Middleton imagweradpen adapangidwanso ndi antiroine wachiwerewere, ndipo pansi adaseweredwa ndi Paul Dano, James Norton, Jesse Buckley ndi Lily Buckley ndi Lily James.
Zosangalatsa
- NKHANI YA Britain "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" inathandizanso kugwira ntchito yaku Russia kuchokera kwa owerenga akunja. Malinga ndi buku la "Woyang'anira", okhala ku London ndi mizinda ina inayamba kugula zofalitsa za "nkhondo ndi Mira". Kwa sabata limodzi, malo ogulitsira mabuku adagulitsa makope pafupifupi 3,500 a mavoliyumu oyambira.
- Ndizosadabwitsa kuti pambuyo pa mndandanda wa 2016, ntchito ya Tolstoy inayamba kufunikira. Kupatula apo, wowonerayo sanawonetse nzeru za malingaliro a malingaliro ndi kusintha kwa ngwazi, koma chizolowezi chachikondi.
- Kuphatikiza apo, wotsogolera Tom Harper anayesera kumuka; Ndikofunika kukumbukira zomwe zinachitika, pomwe Andrei Bolkonsky amasambitsa limodzi ndi batlion. Cinemaer adasinthanso mawonekedwe a Helen Kuragin, yomwe siyiwoneka ngati nthumwi ya anthu apamwamba, ludzu la ndalama, koma ngati a Nymhomanka amene amaponyedwa pakhosi la anthu.
- Lev Nikolaevich ananena kuti chikondi cha Helen ndi Anatoli, koma wopanga mndandanda wa Britain Andrew anayesa kuyika ngwazi pachipinda chimodzi. Mu kulungamitsidwa, Mlengi akhoza kunenedwa: bwalo lopapatiza la ofufuza limakhulupirira kuti wolembayo adanenapo za ubale wapakati pa mbale ndi mlongo wake.