Chiphunzitso
Wolemekezeka kwambiri ndi Woyera ku Orthodoxy, Wodandaula, woyang'anira oyendetsa sitima, apaulendo, akaidi ndi akaidi. Kuyambira tsiku lomwe tchuthi chatsopano chimayamba mu Disembala. Mitundu ya Khrisimasi ikuyembekezeka kwa iye, chifukwa Woyera Santspe of Santa Claus ndi Santa Claus. Malinga ndi moyo wa woyera mtima, iye adabadwa mu 270 m'tauni ya keranian ya mats, panthawi ya Greek Colony. Masiku ano ndi gawo la zigawo za ku Turnaya ndi mugla, ndipo kudera la Pagla, ndi kudera la pakhomo kumatchedwa dera la mudzi wa Gelevish.
M'mbiri ya moyo Nikolai, Wodandaula imati makolo ake anali Akhristu olemera omwe apereka mwana wazomwe amapereka kwa zaka za zana la IIi. Banja la Nikolai Mirlijsky (dzina lina la oyera) linali wokhulupirira, amalume - bishopu atanda - tawona ndi owerenga pa Aachiwiriyi.
Achinyamata a Nicholara anakhala ku nyumba ya amonke, ndipo usiku wodzipereka pantchito ya Malemba Opatulika ndi mapemphero. Mnyamatayo adasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyankha koyenera ndikuwona koyambirira kudazindikira kuti adzapereka moyo kwa Yesu Khristu. Amalume, ndikuwona changu cha m'bale wa m'bale, adatenga wachinyamata kuti aziwathandiza. Posakhalitsa Nikolai analandila unsembe Satana, ndipo Bishopu anapatsidwa iye kuti aphunzitse okhulupilira a Mijan.
Wansembe wachinyamata, atakangana ndi mdalitsidwe wa wolume, wapita kudziko loyera. Paulendo wopita ku Yerusalemu, Nikolai anali masomphenya: Mdyerekezi, yemwe adabwera kumtima. Wansembeyo ananeneratu zamphepo ndi kuwonongeka kwa chotengera. Pofunsidwa ndi gulu la sitima la Nikolai, lodandaula lidasinthidwa ndi nyanja. Pokhala pa Gologota, zikiya zimakweza chifukwa cha Mpulumutsi.
Muulendo woyendayenda, kudutsa malo oyera, kukwera phiri la Ziyoni. Kukula kwa Ambuye kunachitika kuti zitseko zitseko zotsekemera zitatsekedwa usiku wa kachisi. Zikomo, Nikolai adaganiza zopuma m'chipululu, koma mawu ochokera kumwamba adasiya wansembe wachinyamata, welele kuti abwerere kwawo.
Ku Lucia Nikolai adalowa mu ubale wa St.Eon kuti akhale chete. Koma anali Wam'mwambamwamba kwambiri ndi mayi wa Mulungu ndipo anapereka uthenga ndi Amoplore. Malinga ndi nthano, mabishopu a ku Lusi anali chizindikiro, pambuyo pake anaganiza zopanga kakhuni wa mikanin nikelas bishopu wa dziko lapansi (mzinda wa Condeetion ya Lycian. Olemba mbiri yakale komanso asayansi achipembedzo amakangana kuti kwa zaka za zana la iv, kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunali kotheka.
Makolo a makolo atamwalira, Nikolai adalowa ufulu wa cholowa ndipo adagawa chuma kwa iye wosauka. Utumiki wa bishopu wa dziko lonse lapansi wa kudwalika unagwera pa zovuta za chizunzo. Amfumu ya Roma Diocletian ndi Maxmaian anakalipira Akhristu, koma mu Meyi 305, atatha kuchotsedwa ntchito, zomwe zidatenga mpandowachifumu wa Konstantius adalephera kuzunzidwa kumadzulo. Kum'mawa, iwo anapitilira mpaka 311 ndi mfumu ya ku Roma Galery. Pakatha nthawi yoponderezedwa ndi Chikristu mdziko lapansi la lycia, komwe bishopu wa Nikolai anali akupanga mwachangu. Amadziwika kuti akuwonongedwa kwa zipatala zachikunja komanso kachisi wa Artemis padziko lapansi.
Moyo wofufuza Nikolai ndiwodabwitsayo amalankhula za khothi la ku tchalitchi, pomwe anali kupita. Buku Lachi Greek la Navpactsky mu buku la "Chuma" limanenanso kuti adaweruzidwa ndi tsogolo la woyera mtima kuti agwire a Aria ku Cathedral. Koma ofufuza amakonda kuganizira za Slate. Amati Nikolai wotchedwa "wonyoza", womwe adakhala chinthu cha khothi la tchalitchi. Wogona, wamiseche amagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndiomwe anali ndi zodabwitsa, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti woyera mtima awapulumutse pamaso pa tsogolo lachisoni.
Zizizwa
Pofuna kuthandiza Nicholas a Nicholas, apaulendo ndi oyendetsa sitima omwe adayamba kulowa m'mphuno amathandizidwa. Moyo wa woyera uja umawonetsa kupulumutsa kobwerezabwereza kwa oyendayenda. Paulendo wopita ku Alexandria, sitima ya Nikolai idakutidwa ndi chimphepo. Woyendetsa sitimayo adagwerapo ndipo adamwalira. Wohlower Toolai, ndiye mnyamata wina, woukitsidwira womwalirayo.
M'moyo wa dziweli limafotokoza kupulumutsa ulemu wa alongo atatuwa kuchokera kubanja, omwe bambowo am'pewa njala, omwe amalipira kuti alipire mbewu. Atsikanayo anali kudikirira tsogolo labwino, koma Nikolai pansi pa chivundikiro cha usiku anathamangira m'matumba ndi golide, kupatsa atsikana kuti agone. Malinga ndi nthano ya Chikatolika, matumba okhala ndi golide adagwa m'masitolo omwe adawuma kutsogolo kwa poyatsira moto. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mwambowu watuluka kuti atuluke anawo "ochokera ku Santa Claus" mphatso zokongola Khrisimasi (masokosi). Nikolai kusokoneza kumenyera nkhondo ndikutiteteza kutsutsa. Mapemphelo adamulembera iye kuti athetsedwa mwadzidzidzi. Kupembedza kwa woyera mtima kunali kwakukulu pambuyo pakufa kwake.
Kutchulidwa kwina kwa chozizwitsa, odzipereka ndi chikhumbo, Nikolai akugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipulumutso cha Prince Novgorod MstiSlav Vladimirovich. Kupereka kwa odwala kunali kotanthauza kuti ndinapulumutsidwa ndi chithunzi choyera kuchokera ku Kiev Sophia Cathedral. Koma nthumwi sizinafike ku Kiev chifukwa cha namondweyo adasweka pamtsinje. Mafunde akamatonthoza, pafupi ndi sitimayo, pamadzi, nthumwizo zinaona chithunzi chomwe chimadabwitsa Nikolai limawonetsedwa. Kalonga wodwala, akukhudza nkhope ya Woyera, nawenso.
Okhulupirira Akhristu amatcha zozizwitsa za Akothist Nicholas Wodabwitsa. Akukhulupirira kuti pempheroli limatha kusintha chikhumbo chabwino ngati litawerenga masiku 40 motsatana. Okhulupirira amatsutsana kuti mapemphero onse oti athandizire pantchito komanso za thanzi la nyerere. Nicholas amathandizira atsikana kuti akwatiwe ndi atsikana kuti akwatiwe ndi atsikana, anjala - kuchotsa mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku. Kupemphera m'matchalitchi kudadziwika kuti Nikolai Wodabwitsa Kwambiri Osazengereza amayankha pemphelo lochokera pansi pamtima, lodza kuchokera ku chithunzi chake ndi makandulo ake.
Pambuyo pa imfa
Tsiku lenileni la Imfa ya Nicholas silikudziwika. Imbani chaka 345. Atachoka kudziko lapansi, thupi linalo linasambitsidwa ndikusandulika gawo loyendayenda. M'zaka za zana la IV, Balilica adawonekera pamwamba pa manda a Nicholas, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 9 ku Turkey, zomwe zidadziwika kale monga dziko lapansi, zitseko za XXI. Mpaka 1087, mabwinja a mpumulo woyera wa mlengalenga. Koma mu Meyi, ogulitsa ku Italy adabedwa 80% ya zinthu zija, ndikuusiya iwo mumphepete mwa iwo kumanda. Anasamutsanso chuma cha Bari - likulu la dera la ku Italiya la Apolia.
Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, amalonda a Venetian adabera zinthu za Nicholas omwe adatsalira, ndikuwanyamula kupita ku Venice. Masiku ano, 65% ya zikwangwani zili mu bai. Adayikidwa pansi pa guwa la gulu la Katolika la St. Nicholas. Lachisanu mwa malo opezekapo adalipo pachilumba cha Vudo cha Lido, pa mpando wachifumu wa kachisi. Mu barium Basilica m'manda a Nicholas Wodabwiza adapanga dzenje. Chaka chilichonse pa Meyi 9 (tsiku, pomwe sitimayo idasungidwa ndi zinthu za mzinda wa Bai) kuchokera pabokosi, timatulutsa dziko lapansi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi imfa.
Mayeso awiri omwe adachitika pakati ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990s adatsimikizira kuti mphamvu zosungidwa m'mizinda iwiri ya Italiya ndi ya munthu m'modzi. Anthropologists ochokera ku Britain mu 2005 adamangidwanso pa chigamba cha sangu. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti kuwonekanso, Nikolai Sourkerker adawonjezeka kwa mamita 1.68, anali ndi pamphumi yakuda, khungu lakuda, maso a bulauni komanso ma pin.
Kukumbuka
Nkhani zakusintha kwa zinthu za Nicholas Wodabwiza ku Italy adazungulira ku Europe yonse, koma poyamba phwando la mavuto a oyera a chimanga adadziwika ndi zotchinga. Agiriki, komanso Akhristu akummawa ndi West, adasunga nkhani zokhuza zotsalazo ndi chisoni. Ku Russia, ulemu wa St. Nicholas anafalikira mu zaka za XI. Pambuyo pa 1087 (malinga ndi deta ina, 1091), Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha Yuliax 22) May Chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Julian 22) Masiku a Lolhodox A Melary of the Dailian Wosadabwitsa kuchokera kudziko la Chisician ku Baycian ku Bariiwa.
Komanso kwambiri, monga ku Russia, tchuthi chimakondwerera ndi Orthodox Bulgaria ndi Serbia. Akatolika (kupatula zotchinga) sakondweretsedwa pa Meyi 9. Russian Orthodox imayimba matchuthi atatu a tchuthi choperekedwa ku Nikolai Loderker. Disembala 19 - Tsiku lake lakufa, Meyi 22 - Kufika kwa oyera a oyera mu Bai ndi August 11 - kubadwa kwa Woyera. M'matchalitchi a Orthodox, Wodabwitsa Nicholas amakumbukira ndi arars tsiku lililonse.
Gulu lachiwiri la matchuthi omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumbukira kwambiri ku Russia kumalumikizidwa ndi zithunzi zozizwitsa ndi nkhope yake. Pa Marichi 1, 2009, kachisi wa 1913 ndi kholo lakale lakale linasamutsidwira ku Bari ku Tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Makiyi ochokera kwa iwo adalandira Purezidenti Russian Dminddedev.
Ku Russia, chiwerengero cha zithunzi zolembedwa ndikumanga matchalitchi a Nicholas yodabwitsayo pambuyo pa namwaliyo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, dzina la Nikolai linali imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri mdzikolo. Mu xix-xx zaka zambiri, Wodandaulayo adalemekezedwa kotero kuti malingaliro adapezeka pokhudzana ndi kulowa kwa St. Nicholas ku Utatu Woyera. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za polesia (nthano ya Polesia Polesia imasungidwa), Nikolay isintha Mulungu pampando wachifumu ngati "wamkulu" wochokera kwa oyera.
Kumadzulo ndi Eastern Slavs lingaliro la Nicholas lodabwitsa kwambiri la makiyi ochokera kumwamba ndi "kuwoloka" kugwirira ntchito kusamba kudziko lapansi. A Slavs amatchedwa "Mutu wa Paradiso", "m'busa" ndi "wankhondo womenyera nkhondo". Amati, njanji ya Nikolay ndi woyang'anira ulimi komanso njuchi.
Akhristu Orthodox amagawa ku Iconophy of Nicholas nthawi yozizira ndi Nikola. " Chithunzicho pachifanizo ndi chosiyana: "Zima" Nthawi Yodabwitsa Kwambiri Kukuwonetsedwa mu Muter wa Bishop, mutu wosadetsa ". Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Nikolai Danionker amalemekezedwa ndi KAMSYki ndi zotchinga, kuulula Chibuda. Kalikykov amatchedwa "Mikola-Burkun". Amayendetsa asodzi ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndi eni ake a kunyanja ya Caspian. Ma hicats amazindikira Nicholas ndi munthu woyera woyera - Mulungu wa moyo wamoyo.
Wolemba Nikolai ndi Clausi, m'malo mwa anthu omwe ana amapereka mphatso. Chisanachitike, Woyera uja udalemekezedwa pa Disembala 6, koma kenako adaubwereza chikondwerero cha Disembala 24, kotero chimalumikizidwa ndi Khrisimasi wokondwa. Mu zaka za XVII za ku Britain, Nikolai anali "khosi la Khrisimasi", koma ku Hollland dzina lake ndi sinowas, omwe amatanthauziridwa kuti ndi Nicholas.
Ku New York, wachi Dutch, yemwe adakhazikitsa mzindawu, adabweretsa mwambo wokondwerera Khrisimasi ndi sinowa, yemwe posakhalitsa adayamba Santa Claus. Kuchokera ku mpingo prototype ku ngwazi, dzina lokha lokhalo, m'mafanizo onse omwe akudwala mokwanira. Ku France, agogo a agogo a Khrisimasi amabwera kwa ana, ana a Finland - Joulukka, ku Russia ndi mayiko a malo achi Soviet, chaka chatsopano sichingatheke popanda Santa ku Russia.
Mphamvu ku Russia
Mu February 2016, msonkhano wa kholo lakale Kirill ndi Papa wa Francis waku Roma udachitika, pomwe pangano lidakwaniritsidwa pa kusamutsa gawo la zopatulikitsa la Bari ku Russia. Pa Meyi 21, 2017, zonena za Nicholas Wodabwitsa (m'mphepete lamanzere) adayikidwa m'chingalawa ndikuperekedwa ku mpingo wa Khristu Mpulumutsi, pomwe adakumana ndi mbadwa ya Russian. Mukufuna kuweramitsa ma valics kuchokera ku Meyi 22 mpaka Julayi 12. Pa Meyi 24, Purezidenti waku Russia Vladimir Putin adapita kukachisi. Julayi 13, chingalawacho chinatengedwa kupita ku St. Petersburg, kupita ku Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Zosintha zinali zotseguka mpaka pa Julayi 28, 2017.
Makilomita makiyi amayenda ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg ya Nicholas of the Dairsow ndi St. Petersburg yapadera m'makachisi. Anthu adalemba zolemba zoyera, kupempha kuti athandizire kuchiritsidwa. Okonza zofikira ku Renlic Oyera adapemphedwa kuti asachite izi, kukumbukira kuti mafomu enanso a mafomu ena akuwerenga kuti oyera awerenge, mapemphero ndi anyani. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timasungidwa m'matchalitchi ambiri a daisocese ambiri a daiosian, m'matanga a Moscow, Ji. Petersburg.