Jane Austin - Broography, Zithunzi, Moyo Waumwini, Makanema, Mabuku ndi Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Jane Austin ndi wolemba wotchuka wofotokoza mabuku akale, owerenga odziwika bwino amagwira ntchito zamtundu wambiri. Matchulidwe ake mpaka lero ndi odziwika pakati pa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu, ndi otsogolera otchuka sankhani ntchito za Jane ku zojambula za TV.

Disembala 16, 1775 m'tawuni yaying'ono ya Stevenson, yomwe ku County of Hampshire, yemwe ali kumwera kwa Janet Britain, mwana wamkazi wa Jane adabadwira mu banja la ku Losinov. Popeza nthawi yozizira inali yankhanza, mtsikanayo adabatizidwa kutchalitchi kokha pa Epulo 5. Titha kunenedwa kuti makolo a wolemba ena mtsogolo adakonzekeretsa tsoka lake, chifukwa dzina lake Jane limatanthawuza "Mulungu wachisomo", "chisomo cha Mulungu", "

Banja la ku Lostinovi limakhala modzichepetsa, mutu wa banjali unali wansembe wa parishi, ndipo mkazi wake anapatsa banja. Banja lidadziwa ku koleji ya St. John. Cassandra adachitika kuchokera ku banja lodziwika bwino, abambo ake analinso mwayi ku koleji ya miyoyo yonse. Kutama Mayi a Li anali ofala kwambiri, chifukwa cholowa chonse chochokera kwa agogo ake adalandira James James. George anali amenenso akuchoka m'malonda olemera, koma banja lake linali Helera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera sikunapangidwe, ndipo panthawiyo panali kufalikira kwa mwana wakhanda: Kupitilira matenda ngati mliri wa mliri wa mliri, cholera, chifuwa chachikulu ndi ena ambiri. Koma ana onse a George Austin ndi chozizwa chake adakhalabe ndi moyo.

Chifukwa chake, wolemba adakula m'banja lalikulu, momwe, kuphatikizapo, anyamata asanu ndi mmodzi ndi mtsikana m'modzi adaleredwa. Jane anali mwana wamba ndipo adabadwa pamwezi wa khumi wazaka za pakati. Poyamba, ana akhanda adasungidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi amayi. Kenako mayiyo adawapatsa iwo ku chisamaliro cha woyandikana ndi Elizabeth, amene adawaukitsa ana mpaka miyezi 12-18.

James wamkulu chifukwa ubwana wake unayambitsa zomwe anali kupanga ndipo anali kuchita mabuku: adalemba nkhani zabodza. Koma tsoka linakonzekeretsa wachinyamata mosiyana: kukhala wachikulire, Yakobo anayamba kutumikila monga m'busa ku mpingo wakomweko. Za m'bale wina - George - Nkhani chete, chifukwa Ostini adakonda kuti asalankhule za iye. Amadziwika kuti mnyamatayo adabwerera m'mbuyo ndipo sanaphunzire kukambirana. Koma wolemba wokondedwa wokonda George, chifukwa chake chifukwa cha iye anaphunzira zilembo za ogontha komanso osalankhula.

Edward adatengera abale a ku Lostinov, mnyamatayo adaleredwa mu banja lolemera la Nnight, ndi Henry - munthu wofuna kutchuka - amagwira ntchito ngati banki, kenako adalandira San. Francis ndi Charles womangika moyo ndi nyanja, ndi mlongo wa Cassandra, kujambula zojambula m'madzi, sanakhalepo wosangalala m'moyo wake. Jane ndi Kassandra adalembedwa m'mabungwe ambiri ophunzitsa, koma atsikanawo sanali mwayi ndi otsogolera. Mwa zina, mu maulendo amodzi kumwera chakum'mawa, Jane wayamba kufa, ndipo panalibe ndalama yophunzira m'banja la Tostinov.

George anazindikira mwachangu kuti ana ake akazi sakanalandira maphunziro abwino, motero iye anakhala ngati mphunzitsi, ndikutenga maudindo onse kwa iyemwini. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku nkhani za abidite komanso abwana owerenga bwino, wolemba mtsogolo mtsogolo ndi mlongo wake aphunzira zambiri kuposa pa bannchi. Mwamunayo ankayang'ana kwambiri mabukuwo, motero atsikana kuyambira ali aang'ono amakhala mchikondi ndi ntchito ya Shakespeare, Yum, Richardson ndi olemba ena. Atawerenga, anachitirana zochita za wina ndi mnzake, anakambidwa ndi malingaliro, anakambidwa ndi malingaliro.

Malembo

Piethe nthawi ina adati: "Munthu yemwe ali ndi talente yobadwa nayo akukumana ndi chisangalalo chachikulu kwambiri pamene talente iyi imagwiritsa ntchito." M'malo mwake, Jane adakondwera ndi mphatso ya Mulungu mokwanira: mtsikanayo adayamba kulembedwa kuyambira ali ndi zaka 14. Kenako adalemba ntchito ya a Estolary Epistolary "chikondi ndi ubwenzi". Komanso mu unyamata, mbiri ya "Mbiri ya England ya" Kulemba kwa "Cassandra" yodabwitsa, mwachitsanzo, chilengedwe ndi Chateobrica ndi Chateobrica, kamene malingaliro amawonekeranso zolembedwa.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito zopumula kapena kusalimbikitsa, werengani azimayi am'madzi akuthupi, sizinatsimikiziro: Jane Austin adalemba mbiri ya mabuku monga kuyunivesite ya zenizeni, Popanda fanizo lakumwamba komanso lomvetsa chisoni, kutchuka.

Mu 1811, pansi pa dseud yolimo la PSSEUDICAS PANTHAUZA "Kumverera kwachilendo", komwe kumasimba za chikondi cham'mimba awiri, mosiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a mtima. Kutsogoleredwa ndi malingaliro. Chifukwa chake, m'malingaliro a owerenga, kufooka kwina kukukulira pakati pa mikhalidwe iwiri ya anthu.

Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, Jane akuwonetsera azimayi aluso ndi AMBUYE "ndi AMBUYE" kunyada ndi tsankho ", ndani poyambira kumene anapita ku mawu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Austin adayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1795 (96), koma bukuli silinapangitse ofalitsa, motero cholembedwacho chinali fumbi pa alumali zaka 15.

Zongothokoza ndi kukhudzika ndi kukhudzika "- buku lomwe linapatsa wolemba njira yopita ku dziko lachiwirili - ntchito yachiwiri ya Austin adawona kuwalako. Zowona, musanadutse buku ku buku la Jane, poyamba limavala dzinalo "Chikumbutso Choyamba, Wolemba adakwanitsa kusintha malingaliro amoyo ndikupeza luso.

Mu 1814, buku lophunzitsa bwino "Mansfield Park" limatuluka, ndipo pachaka, a John Murray pofalitsa nyumba yoseketsa ya Emma, ​​poyesa kukonzekera moyo wabanja. Bukuli lidakondwera ngakhale mbuye wa wolembera wa Whilter Scott.

Mu 1816, Jane amakhala wolemba wa buku lakale "Fanically Exarth), chizolowezi chomwe chimakhala chozungulira moyo wa smug ndichabe chazachabe chifukwa cha zamkhuta zake. Mwa mitundu yonse ya anthu omwe ali pantchito iyi, mutha kugawa mwana wamkazi wazaka 27 Elliot, chifukwa mtsikana wosungulumwa ndi buku la Atypical Buku la Jane.

Ngakhale anali wachinyamata, Ann amapezeka asanafike owerenga mzimayi wanzeru komanso waluso, yemwe mu gululi amatchedwa namwali wakale. Komabe, Ann anachita mchikondi ndi mnyamata, komabe, motsogozedwa ndi malingaliro a malingaliro, anakana chifukwa cha moyo wabwino.

Ngati tikambirana za kalembedwe ka wolemba Jane, ndiye, kumene, ndiye wamaganizo azochita bwino, omwe amadziwa mwa anthu a anthu komanso nthawi zonse, zomwe zingaweruzidwe ndi ntchito zake. Ndipo Jane adayamba kukonza zolemba zake pamanja za zisudzo za kufooka ndi ku SARCASMM. Ngakhale maudindo ophunzitsidwa ndi a Victoria adadutsa zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, zoyipa za anthu monga chinyengo, umbombo, kunyada, kusilira, ulesi, etc. sanapite ku ntchentche.

Zonsezi zinali ngakhale nthawi yamipira yapamwamba komanso saloni. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukumbukira momwe kudana kwa Mayi Bennet ku Darcy mu diso kumasinthidwa kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhani yoti mnyamatayo atchulapo za manja ake ndi mtima wake. " Kudzitukumula ndi kusankhana"). Chifukwa chake, Jane anathyola ma stewalo mu fluff ndi fumbi, lomwe anali owerenga mabuku.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo wa buku la Chingerezi umadzaza ndi zinsinsi ndi ma khwala. Mwachitsanzo, diagraple sadziwabe mawonekedwe enieni a mayi. Magwero ena amati anali mayi wokongola wokongola, ena amafotokoza ngati chipewa cha ndulu, abale amasewerera m'masaya, amanjenjemera. Pa chikhalidwe cha mtsikanayo, nawonso, pali malingaliro otchuka: zikuwoneka ngati msungwana woyamba komanso wovuta, yemwe ali ndi chidwi komanso wokongola. Zokhudza maonekedwe a Jane zitha kuweruzidwa ndi chithunzi chomwe chinachipanga Cassandra mu 1810.

Buku lokongola la chikondi padziko lonse lapansi la chikondi, koma silinasangalale. Moyo wake unatembenukira mu 1796. A Thomas Langlua Lefra, mnyamata wophunzira, wamapazi wa Huohanot, adapita kukafunafuna abale ake omwe, amakhala pafupi ndi rostinov. A Thomas adagwidwa ndi mtima wa wolemba, kukhumba chidwi chambiri kunayamba kukhala lalifupi, komwe kudayamba kumene, mwachangu komanso Ugas. Malinga ndi nthano za mabanja, ubale wa achinyamata adapita kumapeto kwa anthu osakhutira chifukwa cha azakhali a Lefria. Pambuyo pake, anthu a anthu a nthawiyo anati zochitikazi zinapeza kuti amakondana ", koma Tomasi ananena kuti amakonda Yeane" Chikondi "

Koma Austin sanaongolere ndi malingaliro a malingaliro, koma adatembenukira kukhala munthu wamalingaliro, omwe adakumbukira chikondi chake masiku ndi usiku, monga Pushkinn amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa pa Evgenia. " Tikonda kuti timamukonda. " Ngakhale kuti bukuli lidamva zowawa, Tomasi adawongola moyo wake popanda zovuta: Adakhala woweruza wamkulu wa Ireland ndipo adakwatirana ndi munthu wolemera Mariya, yemwe adapatsa mkazi wa ana eyiti.

Koma mnyamatayo Harris anali ndi zonse zomwe zidatsekedwa pazonsezi: Guy amakonda Jane. Pofotokoza za dzanja ndi mtima, mtsikanayo anali mkwatibwi: Austin sanathandize mankhwalawa, sanayiwale a Thomas, kotero mayiyo adayang'ana zam'tsogolo zakale. Mtsikanayo sanayime ngati mkazi wachikondi ndipo amadziwa kukongola kwa mayi, chifukwa bukuli linali ndisanakhale ndi ana. Pomasulidwa, Jane anachita zosoka komanso anathandiza amayi ake kunyumba.

Imfa

Jane Austin adadwala matenda a Adreson (kusowa kwa adrenal cortex). Poona mafotokozedwe azachipatala, matendawa atha kukhala zaka zingapo popanda zizindikiro komanso osadziwika, koma amapita patsogolo chifukwa cha zovuta kapena matenda ena. Wodwalayo amasokoneza chilakolako, nseru zikuwoneka, kuchepa thupi, tetalia, etc.

Wolembayo adachoka m'chilimwe cha 1817 pa chaka cha 42 cha moyo. Anafika ku Wincheter kuti alandire chithandizo, koma mtsikanayo sanathe kuthana ndi matendawa. Jane analibe nthawi yotsiriza ntchito za Sandethon, wa Manda ndi donans Susan. "Roman" kumpoto kwa Akulu "adafalitsidwa.

Mafilimu

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Austin omwe ali ndi tanthauzo la ntchitoyo sanawonongeke.

• Mu 1995, wotsogolera Eng Li likhala akuvutika kwambiri "m'malingaliro ndi malingaliro" pa zojambula za TV. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Emma Thompson adalemba zolemba pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Maudindowa adachitidwa ndi Emma Thompson, Alan Rickiman, Hugh, ochita sewero ena.

• Mu 1995, miniti ya Mini-Mini-Mini-Minide ndi Tsankho "imatuluka, komwe Jennifer El, Suzan Firker, Suzanna Harker ndi ena amagwira ntchito. Minyute iyi chifukwa cha chiwembu chidavumbula chikondi cha Avid Kinomans padziko lonse lapansi.
• Mu 2005, Keira Knightley, Mackamund Pike adatenga nawo gawo mu Meldraman "kunyada ndi tsankho". Emma Thompson adachitanso monga chochitika ndikusankha kusintha zokambirana kuchokera ku zolembedwa pamanja.

• Mu 2006, kafukufuku wa Jane Austin akutuluka, akuuza wolemba komanso ubale wa Lefria. Udindo wa buku la Ann Hackhaway, ndipo James McAvoy adabadwanso mwa wokondedwa wake.
• Mu 2008, wotsogolera Dan zeff adawonekera khothi la omvera mini, "buku lotsitsimutsa la Jane Austin" ndi Jamaima Rupper ndi Elliot Kowan.
• M'chaka chomwecho, chikondi cha a Jeremy chikulephera "Chikondi cha Jane Austin" adatuluka.

M'bali

• "Chikondi ndi Ubwenzi" (1790);
• "Mbiri ya England" (1791);
• "Alongo atatu" (1792);
• "Kumverera ndi chidwi" kapena "malingaliro ndi malingaliro" (1811);
• "Kunyada ndi Tsankho" (1813);
• "Paki ya Mansfield" (1814);
• Emma (1815);
• "Zotsutsana za" (1817);
• "Kumpoto kwa Akuluakulu" (1818).
• "Cassandra wokongola";
• "Dona Susan";
• Wamaluwa;
• "Sandton";
• "Castle Lanyumba"