Mbiri Yodziwika
Chipewa chofiira - mawonekedwe a mwana wakhanda wotchuka. Nkhani ya kamtsikana kakang'ono kamene kamakumana kutchire ndi nkhandwe ya imvi imatsogolera mizu panthawi ya Middle Ages. Apa zinali choncho ndiye kuti woyamba wonena za mawu wokongola udawonekera. Olemba ku Russia ndi aku Russia anali kuchita zolemba za chiwembu.Mbiri ya Chilengedwe
Vuto la msungwana yemwe amakumana ndi nkhandwe, kuli kalekale. Chiwembu choterocho chinamusamutsidwa mkamwa mwa kamwa ndi Italy ku Italy ndi France. Ku Europe Centu Europe, nkhaniyi idagawidwa kuchokera ku zaka za zana la XIV ndipo lidatchuka kale. Ndipo m'maiko osiyanasiyana, zomwe zili ndi mtanga wa msungwana wamtundu uliwonse zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto kwa Italy, mtsikanayo adapita kwa agogo ake aakazi, ku Swiss Legends - ndi tchizi chaching'ono, ku France m'basiketi ya adzungdada - ma pie ndi mafuta.
Chiwembuchi chinali chotsatirachi: Amayi amafunsa mwana wamkazi wamwamuna kuti akacheze agogo ake kuti akhale m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi. Msungwanayo ayenera kuchitira ndi achibale. M'nkhalango, heroine amakumana ndi imvi (m'malo ena, nthano - ndi zazifupi kapena zazikulu). Kukhulupirira, mdzukulu kumauza mlendo, komwe kumachitika. Kenako m'mutu wa nkhandwe imacha dongosolo - mawonekedwewo akufulumira kunyumba ya agogo.
Imvi yilly imapha mayi wachisoni ndikukonzekera chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo magazi a mayi wachikulire amakhala ngati maziko a chakumwa. Pakati pa bizinesi, nkhandwe imasunthira mu suti ya wozunzidwayo, imagwera pabedi ndipo ikudikirira palibe amene akuwakayikira. Mtsikana akalowa mnyumbamo, nkhandwe imamupempha kuti alawe chakudya chamasana. Mphaka, yemwe adawona zomwe zidachitika kale ndi maso ake, amayesera kuchenjeza munthu yemweyo, koma wotsutsayo amaponya nsapato zamatabwa ndikupha.
Kenako, nkhandwe imapereka msungwana wopanda pake kuti asunthe ndi kugona ndi it pabedi. Amkuluwa amakwaniritsa pempholi pomuponya zovala zake poyatsira moto. Kenako, mafunso a mwana amatsatiridwa, bwanji "agogo" amawoneka achilendo kwambiri. Mmbulu wakayikidwa pa mwana ndikuchiritsa nsembe yake. M'mabaibulo ena (osowa), mtsikanayo atha kuthawa.
Wolemba French Frence Charles Pera adaganiza zokongoletsa nthano iyi. Popeza wolemba nkhani amayang'ana pa omvera a ana, sanatengereko kuchokera ku matenda oyambilira, komanso kuchotsa nkhani yokhudzana ndi kupha mphaka. Wolemba anavala msungwana wopanda dzina kwa mnzake wocheperako ndipo anatcha dzina lofiira. Chidule chotere polemba ntchitoyi chinali kale mu mafashoni m'mizinda, komanso idatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu m'mudzimo.
Charles Perca adapanga mtundu wake wa nthano, ndipo adaperekanso malembawo, ndikuwonetsa lingaliro lalikulu la chiwembucho komanso tanthauzo la nthano ya nthano, kamtsikana kakang'ono kambiri chifukwa cha ukadaulo wake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhani ya ku France inali yofalitsidwa mu 1697 - perah idaphatikizanso zolemba pamanja za "nthano za amayi tsekwe."
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX, nthano za ku Germany, abale a Wilhelm ndi Jacob Grimm, adapatsa anthu omvera ana kuti atembenuke kwatsopano. Makonda a Faise adachotsa zolinga za ubalewo, zomwe zimawonetsa nthanoyo, ndipo idapereka nkhani yomaliza mosangalatsa: Wotchinga nkhuni, omwe amadutsa, adamva mnyumba ndikudula mimbulu ya m'mimba Ndi lumo, kumasula ndi agogo, ndi mdzukulu.
Mzere wolemba unazindikira kuti mzere woterewu ukhoza kubwerekedwa kuchokera ku Bukhu la Ana Ena, "nkhandwe ndi Katundu wa Kika" moyo ndi imfa ya kapu yofiyira ", yopangidwa mu 1800. Potanthauzira kwatsopano kwa abale a Grimm, ngwazi sizisokoneza ulemu, koma mayi wa amayi amene anachenjeza mwana wamkazi, zomwe sizingalumikizidwe ndi alendo osawadziwa ndikutembenukira kunjira yolunjika.
Ku Russia, matembenuzidwe a chiwembuchi anali pachiwonetsero choyambirira pomaliza, omwe anayesa kusunga tanthauzo loyambirira la abale. Kugwiritsa kolemba za chiwembucho, chopangidwa ndi Russian Classic Ivan Turgenev, adatchuka kwambiri. Palinso kumasulira ndi ena olemba ena. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi za nthano zomwe zidapangidwa ndi akatswiri otchuka.
Biography ndi chithunzi cha zipewa zofiira
Mu Okonza za Charles Pero ndi abale owoneka bwino, malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane mawonekedwe saperekedwa, m'badwo ndi mawonekedwe a ngwazi satchulidwa. Malinga ndi lembalo, ndi msungwana wamng'ono wokhala m'mudzimo m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi. Pachikhalidwe, ojambula amafotokoza za mwana wachikazi, wokhala ndi nkhope zokongola. Ngwazi yavala mkangano wofiyira wokhala ndi hood, kapena mu mutu wofiyira. Chifaniziro cha mtsikanayo ndi chosavuta komanso chopanda nzeru, chomwe chimakhala cha zaka zake.Zovuta zimayambira ndikuti mayiyo amafunsa mwana wamkazi wamwamuna kuti anene agogo ake omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa nkhalangoyi, mahotela. Mkazi amachenjeza msungwanayo kuti asayime ndi kulankhula ndi alendo. Chigwero chochepa chimachoka mnyumbayo ndipo posakhalitsa panjira ya m'nkhalango umakumana ndi imvi. Amachita chidwi komwe chipewa chofiira chimatumizidwa. Mtsikanayo sabisala kuti apita kukacheza ndi agogo ake.
Mmbulu umanena kuti msungwanayo ndi mitu yambiri kupita kunyumba ya mayi wina wakale. Pamenepo amadya agogo, amavala zovala ndi ma shepes, magalasi, ndipo amagona, akuyembekezera kubwera kwa heroine. Atafika kwa wachibalewo, chipewa chofiyira sichimazindikira nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe achilendo a "agogo" a " Koma pambuyo pake, kudzaona "nkhalamba", mtsikanayo amafunsa chifukwa chake amawoneka wachilendo. Mmbulu, akutenga mwayiwu, kuukira ngwazi, amadya ndikugona.
Posakhalitsa, nyumba za agogo a agogo adutsa odula (odula). Amamva kulira kwa mawu - chitseko chinatsegulidwa. Kuwona mmbulu ndi m'mimba yopingasa, odula mitengo amaphwanya nkhandwe pamimba, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo, hand hand vati ndi agogo ake osavulala. Pali zosankha zopulumutsa achikazi (kapena mlenje). Nkhani ya nthano imagwira ntchito masiku ano. Mawu a ngwazi adakhala mawu otchuka.
Chipewa chofiira m'mafilimu
Mu 1977, kanema wa Soviet Munyimbo "za kapu yofiira idatulutsidwa pamawonekedwe. Pitilizani nthano yakale. " Udindo wa umunthu waukulu udachitidwa ndi wochita zachikale wazaka 10 zana poplavskaya. Dongosolo la zojambulazo lidasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wapamwamba - mimbulu iwiri yosakidwa pa mtsikanayo nthawi yomweyo, koma zidatero, anthu ndi owopsa komanso oyipa awa. Ndipo chipewa chofiyira kale chimayenera kuteteza mimbulu kuchokera kwa okhala m'deralo. Kanemayo akuphatikizanso nyimbo zamawu, zomwe nyimbo yamunthu yayikulu inali yotchuka (kapangidwe ka Olga ya zaka 8).
Mu zaka zotsatila, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipilala cha ku Europe State imafalitsidwa. Kwenikweni, chochitikacho chimaperekedwa m'mitundu yoopsa kapena yosangalatsa. Chiwembu chofiira cha chiwembuchi nthawi zambiri chimawoneka mu makanema ojambula ku Soviet - katswiri woyamba kutengera nthano za nthano adatuluka mu 1937. Kuthana kosangalatsa kwa nkhani yowoneka bwino kumayambitsidwa mu tepi ya 1958 "Peter ndi chipewa", pomwe mpainiyawo amayendetsa ngwazi. Mu 2012, zojambulazo zidatuluka nthabwala zaku Russia "Red Cap".
Zosangalatsa
- Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu owerengeka ayeneranso nkhandwe yachiwiri, koma kuchitidwa mlanduwu, kumira ndi ngwazi m'matumba owiritsa, kuyiwalika.
- Chipilala chofiyira chofiyira ndi nkhandwe ya imvi imakhazikitsidwa ku Schwalme. M'tauni iyi yaku Germany ili ndi chikhalidwe: pa tchuthi, atsikanawo amavala zovala zofiirira, ndipo anyamata - masks a mimbulu.
- Nkhongole zodulira zimapezekanso ku Munich, Yalta, Berlin ndi mizinda ina.
M'bali
- 1697 - "chipewa chofiira"
- 1800 - "Moyo ndi imfa ya chisangalalo"
- 1810 - "Hood wofiira"
Kafukufuku
- 1937 - "Cap Cap" (Ussr)
- 1958 - "Peter ndi Red Cap" (Ussr)
- 1977 - "Za hood wofiira. Kupitiliza kwa nthano yakale "(Ussr)
- 2011 - "Cap Cap" (USA)
- 2012 - "Cap Cap" (Nyimbo) (Russia)