Chiphunzitso
Padziko lonse lapansi la anthu omwe sadziwa dzina la wolemba wamkulu wa Gansa a Anderson. Pa ntchito za Mbuyeyu wa cholembera, ntchito zomwe zidamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo 150 za dziko lapansi, palibe m'badwo umodzi womwe wakula. Pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse, makolo amawerengera ana asanagone, nthano ya mfumukazi pa mtola, anadya ndi madzi ochepa, omwe mbewa yamunda imayesa kukwatiwa ndi wotchi yadyera. Kapena ana amawonera makanema ndi zojambulajambula za Mermaid kapena mtsikana wa Gerde yemwe analota Kai kuchokera ku manja ozizira ndi mfumukazi ya chipale chofewa.
Dziko lomwe lafotokozedwa ndi Andersen ndi lodabwitsa komanso lokongola. Koma pamodzi ndi matsenga ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa malingaliro a nthano za nthano, chifukwa wolemba amadzipereka kwa ana ndi akulu onse. Otsutsa ambiri amasinthana kwambiri chifukwa chotsatira nkhani zazing'ono komanso zosavuta za nkhani yozama, yomwe ntchito yake ndikupatsa owerenga chakudya chofunikira.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Hans Christian AnderEN (Mayeso ambiri olankhula Chirasha adzakhala olondola kuposa Hans) adabadwa pa Epulo 2, 1805 mu mzinda wachitatu waukulu kwambiri wa Denmark. Enanso digiri adatsimikizira The AnderEN - mwana wapaipapa wa mfumu ya Danish VIII, koma wolemba tsogolo adakula ndikukulira m'banja losauka. Abambo ake, omwe amatchedwa Hans, adagwiranso ntchito ndi nsapato ndipo sanathetse malekezerowo ndi malekezero, ndipo amayi ake Anna Marie Andersdatotter adagwira ntchito yochapa.
Mutu wa banjali adakhulupirira kuti wobadwa wakeyo adayamba kuchokera ku mthenga wabwino wake: agogo ake omwe ali ndi zikuluzikulu amauza adzukulu omwe banja lawo ndi la kalasi yapamwamba, koma malingaliro awa sanapeze chitsimikizo ndipo adatsutsidwa pakapita nthawi. Za abale a hadengeni mphekesera zambiri zomwe zimakondweretsabe malingaliro a owerenga. Mwachitsanzo, akuti agogo a wolemba ndi akatswiri pantchito - m'tauniyo ankawonedwa ngati wamisala, chifukwa amasamveka bwino anthu omwe ali ndi mapiko, ofanana ndi angelo.
Hans-wamkulu adadziwitsa mwana ndi mabuku. Anawerenganso ana a 401 usiku "- mwachikhalidwe cha Arab. Chifukwa chake, masana aliwonse, Hans yaying'ono yokhazikika mu nkhani zamatsenga za shahryzada. Komanso, Atate ndi mwana wake anali wofunitsitsa kuyenda pakiyo ku Od chiwiri ndipo mpaka anacheza ndi zisudzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mnyamatayo azikhala. Mu 1816, bambo a wolemba adamwalira.
Dziko lenileni linali la Hans ndi mayesero owopsa, anakula mwana wamakhalidwe amiyendo komanso chidwi. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, Andersen anali kutsutsa Mwini Coyar komweko, kungonena za Tumaki, ndi mphunzitsi, chifukwa wolemba wamtsogolo anali bizinesi yodziwika bwino.
Pamene Anderden mosamala kwambiri kukakumana ndi makalasi, makolo adazindikira mnyamata wina m'chipinda chosauka kwa ana osauka. Atalandira maphunziro oyambilira, Hans adakhala wophunzira wophunzitsidwa, kenako nkuyambitsidwa kukhala wopaka, ndipo pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito fakitale ya ndudu.
Maubale omwe ali ndi anzawo omwe ali pa msonkhano wa Anderson, kuti aike modekha, sanasunge. Amachita manyazi ndi nthabwala zonyansa komanso nthabwala za ogwira ntchito, ndipo kamodzi pa gulu lonse la hans adamangirira mathalauza ake kuti awonetsetse kuti mnyamatayo ndi iye kapena mtsikana. Ndipo zonse chifukwa wolemba anali ndi mawu owonda ndipo nthawi zambiri amayimba nthawi yosintha. Mwambowu unapangitsa wolemba mtsogolo kuti alowe mu mphamvu zanga. Mnzake yekhayo wa mnyamatayo anali zidole zamatanda, kamodzi kokha ndi Atate wake.
Hana anali ndi zaka 14, kufunafuna moyo wabwino, anasamukira ku Copenhagen, yemwe panthawiyo amamuwona ngati "Scandinavia Paris." Anna Marie amaganiza kuti Andergen amapita ku likulu la Denmark kwakanthawi, motero adamasulidwa mwana wokondedwa wokhala ndi mtima wowala. Hans adasiya nyumba ya abambo, chifukwa adalakalaka atakhala wotchuka, adafuna kudziwa luso lakelo ndikusewera gawo la zisudzo zopanga zakale. Ndikofunika kunena kuti Hans anali wachichepere wokhala ndi mphuno yayitali ndi miyendo, yomwe adalandiranso dzina lokhumudwitsa "doko loumba" ndi "chopondera".
Komanso, Andergen adasekedwa ngati wolemba wa wolemba, chifukwa mnyumba ya mnyamatayo panali bwalo lazankhosa lokhala ndi zisazizo "onyenga." Mtsikana wachinyamata wakhama wokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino adapanga chithunzi cha kukwera kwa maluwa, chomwe chinatengedwa kupita ku chizungulire kuchokera ku chisoni, osati chifukwa chakuti anali ndi Soprano. Padenga la zisudzo hansa adachita sewero la sekondale. Koma posakhalitsa mawu ake adayamba kuswa, motero mawu ake adayamba kusweka, adayamba ndakatulo yonse, adalangiza mnyamatayo kuti aziganizira mabuku.
Jonas Collin, Woyang'anira Danish yemwe adatsogolera ndalama nthawi ya Fedeyaid VI, anali wokonda kwambiri mnyamatayo ndikutsimikizira mfumuyo kuti ipereke mapangidwe a wolemba wachinyamata.
Andersen adaphunziridwa m'masukulu otchuka a slagels ndi Elsinor (komwe adakhala pa desiki limodzi ndi ophunzira, ngakhale kuti sanali mwana woyamba: Hans sanagonjetse diploma ndi moyo wake wonse Kodi matchulidwe angapo ndi zolakwika zopumira mu kalata. Pambuyo pake, wolemba nkhaniyo adanenanso kuti zaka za wophunzirayo adamulota maloto achichepere usiku, chifukwa bukunzekere nthawi zonse adadzudzula mnyamatayo mu fluff ndi fumbi, ndipo, monga mukudziwa izi.
Malembo
Pa nthawi ya ku Hans ya Hans, Andersen adalemba ndakatulo, nkhani, zolemba ndi ma ballads. Koma kwa owerenga onse, dzina lake limalumikizidwa makamaka ndi nthano zachabe - munthawi ya cholembera cha cholembera. Komabe, Hans sanakonde atatchedwa wolemba ana, ndipo ananena kuti alemba onse a anyamata ndi atsikana ndi akulu. Zinafika pamfundo yoti Andersen adalamula kuti panalibe mwana m'modzi pa chipilala chake, ngakhale poyamba anali pafupi.
Hans adalandira zizindikiridwe ndi ulemerero mu 1829, pomwe adasindikiza nkhani yosangalatsa "hesy amayenda kuchokera ku Calmal Hol Lalman Lalking Lakummawa la Aagra". Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wolemba wachinyamata sanachoke pa nthenga ndi inkill ndipo adalemba zolemba zingapo, kuphatikiza omwe amalemekeza nthano zake, zomwe zimayambitsa dongosolo lamitundu yayikulu. Zowona, zolemba, mafakitale ndi madzi amadzi adaperekedwa kwa wolemba pang'ono - pa nthawi zomwe amalemba ngati kuti amatchedwa Vuto Lopanga.
Andersen adafunsira kudzoza kuyambira tsiku ndi tsiku. Malingaliro ake, zonse zili bwino mdziko lino lapansi: ndipo maluwa amatoma, ndi bug yaying'ono, ndi coil yokhala ndi ulusi. Zowonadi, ngati mukukumbukira ntchito za Mlengi, ngakhale thupi lililonse kapena pagombe la pea limakhala lodabwitsa. Hans adazikidwa pazakudya zake zonse komanso pazolinga za National Elos, zothokoza "," Swineda ", ndi nkhani zina" (1837 ).
Andersen adalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita ma tradakakakago saips omwe akufunafuna malo pagulu. Izi zitha kuchitika pachithunzichi, ndi Mermeider, ndi bakha woyipa. Ngwazi zoterozi zimayambitsa kumvera chisoni. Nkhani zonse za Andersen kuchokera ku kutumphuka mpaka kutumphuka ndizosagwirizana ndi tanthauzo la nzeru. Ndikofunika kukumbukira nthano ya nthano "Kavalidwe katsopano ka mfumu", pomwe mfumu imapempha anthu awiri kuti asoke ndalama zokwera mtengo. Komabe, chovalacho chinakhala chovuta ndipo chimakhala chokwanira kwathunthu ku "ulusi wosaoneka". Zhuliki adatsimikizira kasitomala kuti opusa okha osawona nsalu yopyapyala. Chifukwa chake, mfumu ikukhudza nyumba yachifumu mosayembekezereka.
Iye ndi mabwalo ake sazindikira mavalidwe owoneka bwino, koma amawopa kudziika okha opusa, ngati avomera kuti wolamulira akulipira. Nkhani imeneyi yatanthauziridwa ngati fanizo, ndi mawu akuti "ndipo mfumu ili maliseche!" adalowa mndandanda wamapiko. Ndizosangalatsa kuti si nthano zonse za Anderson zimalembedwa mwa mwayi, osati zolemba pamanja zonse zomwe zilipo pali phwando la "Deusexmachina", pomwe kusokoneza munthu wamkulu (mwachitsanzo, kalonga Woyera matalala oyipitsitsa, ngati kuti m'kukhumudwitsa kwa Mulungu kumawonekera kwina.
Hans timakonda owerenga akuluakulu osajambula dziko la Utope Mu 1840, mbuye wa nthenga amadzichitira yekha mtundu wa mtundu wa bukuli ndikufalitsa zithunzi ", mu 1849 amalemba bukulo" zingwe ziwiri ". Zaka zinayi pambuyo pake, buku "lisatuluke, koma zoyesayesa zonse, koma zoyesayesa zonse kuti zidzikhazikitse okha monga momwe wolemba analiri pachabe.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo waomwe walephera, koma wolemba Eminte Starern ndi chinsinsi chofundidwa ndi mdima. Akunena kuti konseko, wolemba wamkulu sanasaiwabe kuti anali wofunitsitsa kuyandikana ndi akazi kapena amuna. Ndi lingaliro loti nthano yayikulu inali yovuta kwambiri (monga zikuwonekera ndi episrislar heritage), anali ndi mnzake wochezeka ndi bwenzi lake lolumikizana, mowa wovina wa weimer ha'ald schraff. Ngakhale kuti kunali azimayi atatu m'moyo wa Hans, nkhaniyi sinali kupitirira, kuti musatchule za ukwatiwo.
Chief woyamba wa Andersen anali mlongo wake wa ku Brank of Ribrore ku Shorght. Koma mnyamata wokayikapo sanakhulupirire ndi chinthu chakhumba. Louise Collin - mkwatibwi wotsatira yemwe angathe kukhala wolemba - anaimitsa kuyesayesa kulikonse komwe kumayenderana ndikunyalanyaza matchulidwe achikondi. Msungwana wazaka 18 anasankha Anders lolaya wolemera.
Mu 1846, Hans anakonda woimbayo ndi woyimba wa opera a lind, yomwe, chifukwa cha kulira, Soprano yotchedwa "Swedeh Floovy". Andersen Kararil Feraulil Feralil kuseri kwa zinthuzo ndikupereka mphoto ndi mphatso zowolowa manja. Koma mtsikana wokongola sanafulumire kuyankha mwachifundo mwa nkhani ya wolemba nkhaniyo, ndikumutumizira monga m'bale. Azungu atazindikira kuti woimbayo adakwatirana ndi wovosi wa Britain Otto Golshshmidt, Hansa adalowa m'maganizo. Kuzizira kwa mtima wa mkazi kunayamba kukhala mfumukazi yam'madzi kuchokera ku dzina lomweli la nthano ya wolemba.
Mwachikondi, AnderEN sanali mwayi. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti wolemba nkhaniyo atafika ku Paris adapita mabulosi ofiira. Zowona, mmalo mosintha mausiku, Hans adalankhula nawo, kuuza ena chisoni, ndikugawana usiku. Wina wina wodziwika bwino akamadzichezera kuti anali ndi cholinga chokhudza anthu, wolemba adadabwa, wolembayo adadabwa ndikuyang'ana mnzake ndi kunyansidwa koonekeratu.
Amadziwikanso kuti anirnan anali wokonda kwambiri a Charles Dickens, olemba aluso adakumana pa misonkhano yolemba zolemba, yomwe idakhutira ndi vutoli lopanduka la salon. Pambuyo pa msonkhano uno, Hans adalemba pama diary:
"Tinapita ku Veranda, ndinali wokondwa kucheza ndi omwe adalemba aku England, omwe ndimawakonda kwambiri."Pambuyo pa zaka 10, wolemba nkhaniyo adafikanso ku England ndipo adabwera kunyumba ya Duckens kuti awononge banja lake. Popita nthawi, Charles adaletsa maphunzirowo ndi Anderson, ndipo Dane adamvetsetsa chifukwa chake makalata ake onse asayankhidwe.
Imfa
M'ngululu ya 1872, Arngen adagwera pabedi, ndikugunda pansi, chifukwa adalandira zovulala zingapo zomwe sanayambenso kuchira.
Pambuyo pake, wolembayo adapeza chiwindi cha chiwindi. Pa Ogasiti 4, 1875, Hans anamwalira. Wolemba wamkulu waikidwa m'manda ku manda a Copenhagen.
M'bali
- 1829 - "Ulendo wapansi kuchokera ku Channel Hol Hol Tower Cape Island Island"
- 1829 - "Chikondi pa Nikola Tower"
- 1834 - "Agneta ndi Madzi"
- 1835 - "Kusintha Zinthu" (Kutanthauzira kwa Russia - mu 1844)
- 1837 - "valinist yekha"
- 1835-1837 - "nthano, adauza ana"
- 1838 - "msirikali wozunza wani"
- 1840 - "buku lokhala ndi zithunzi popanda zithunzi"
- 1843 - "Usiku"
- 1843 - "Battle Backling"
- 1844 - "mfumukazi ya chipale chofewa"
- 1845 - "Mtsikana Ndi Masewera"
- 1847 - "Mthunzi"
- 1849 - "Maziko Awiri"
- 1857 - "Khalani kapena Osakhala"