Chiphunzitso
Prince Novgorod ndi Kievsky svmotoslav igorevich yolamulidwa ndi boma la Russia kuyambira 944 mpaka 972 zaka. Wolamulira amadziwika chifukwa cha magulu awo ankhondo ndi kupambana, kumenyedwa ndi boma la Chibugariya ndi Byzantium.
Mwana yekhayo wa Prince igor ndi mfumukazi ya Sevyatoslav. Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa Wolamulira wamtsogolo silikudziwika. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa iPatiev, svmotoslav igorevich adabadwa mu 942 (m'zaka zina 940). Zochitika pamwambowu sizikupezeka mndandandandawo. Izi zimapangitsa mavuto ambiri mu malo ofufuza, popeza chidziwitso chikutsutsana. M'malemba olemba, 920 adalengeza, koma olemba mbiri amaganiza kuti izi, sizowona.
Kukhazikika kwa Mwana wa Prince Gunt adatumizidwa ku mapewa a VaryAgSud, omwe adayang'ana pa luso loyambira. Achichepere Svmotoslav adalandira chidziwitso chomwe chidakhala chogwira ntchito kunkhondo: luso la nkhondo, kasamalidwe ka akavalo, kuyenda, kusambira, chigoba, chigoba. Kwa likulu, mlangizi wina adayankhidwa - voivodl. Zambiri zoyambirira pa svyatoslav, kuti muwone mgwirizano wa Russia-Byzantine wa Prince Igor, adayamba kuwonekera mu 944. Chaka chotsatira, kalonga amamwalira.
Imfa ya Wolamulira idasakhutira ndi zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi Dani. Popeza svmotoslav igorevich akadali mwana, ma brazidi a bolodi akuyenda kupita ku Amayi - Princess Olga. Patatha chaka chimodzi ataphedwa kwa mwamuna wake, Olga amapita kudziko la Drevlyan. Momwe ziyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mutu wa boma, Mkazi wa Svytotov wazaka 4 akuyambitsa nkhondoyo pamodzi ndi gulu la abambo ake. Wolamulira wachinyamatayu anapambana nkhondoyi. Mkazi wa mfumukazi anamvera razlyun. Kuti izi zichitike m'tsogolo, regent ikukhazikitsa boma latsopanoli.
Mu Mbiri Amanena kuti ali ndiubwana svyatoslav igorevich ija sinatenge gawo ndi amayi ake ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ku Kiev. Asayansi apeza umboni wa kusakhulupirika kwa chiweruzirochi. Byzantine Emperor Konstantin Bagryanorovnoe adalankhula izi:
"Monoxilles omwe akuchokera ku Russia yakunja ku Constantinople ndi ena mwa nemogard, pomwe Safendoslav anali kukhala, mwana wa indora, Arbinto Rsia."Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti Scototoslav asamukira ku Novgorod pofunsidwa kwa Atate. Zinali mu mbiri yakale yotchulidwa yoyendera olga kwa Constantinople. Nthawi yomweyo, tsogolo la kalonga likunena, osatchula mutu wa Svmotoslav igorevich.
Kuyambira Board
Mu "nthano ya zaka zakunja" akuti kampeni yoyamba igorevich inorevich idachitika mu 964. Cholinga chachikulu cha wolamulirawo chinali chowonjezera cha ku Hizar Kaganat. Kalonga sanasokonezedwe ndi VYatichi, yemwe anakumana m'njira. Kuukira ku Khazar kunagwa patatha chaka chimodzi - mu 965. Mbiri, zotsatirazi zanenedwa:
"M'chilimwe 6473 (965), Svmotoslav adapita ku Khazar. Kumva, Khazars adakumana naye ndi Kalonga Kagan ndipo adasokonezeka, ndipo adagonjetsedwa Svytoslav Khazar kunkhondo, ndi hare ndi oyera a Harey adatenga. Ndipo adapambana Yasov icasovov. "Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, wotchedwa Svytoslav amapereka zochitika zina mu kiyi ina. Ibn-Haukal adanena kuti kalonga adachita ndi Khazari pambuyo pake adatchulidwa mu Annals.
Nthawi yamakono idakumbukira zankhondo zankhondo motsutsana ndi Vulgaria Bulgaria, koma palibe chidziwitso chotere popanga milandu. Izi ndi zomwe Ibn Haukal adati:
Bulgar - mzindawu ndi wocheperako, palibe madera ambiri mmenemo, ndipo adadziwika kuti anali doko loti anali doko la mayiko omwe tawatchulawa, ndipo rus yake idasokonekera ndikufika ku Khazaran ndipo adakumana ndi Samandar ndi ITil m'chaka 358 (968/969) Ndipo adapita ku dzikolo rum ndi andalus ... ndi Al-Khazar - Mbali, ndipo ali mumzinda womwewo, wotchedwa Bab Al-Abvab, Abvab. Ndipo panali minda yambiri mmenemo ... Koma iwo adafika pomwepo, osasiyidwa mumzinda wa ku Yerusalemu, mphesa, zouma.Mu 965, Svmotoslav igorevich ifika ku Sarkel pa Don. Madanda angapo anafunika kugonjetsa mzindawu. Koma wolamulira adakondwerera wosakondwerera, chifukwa unkawonekera panjira - mzinda waukulu wa Khazar Kaganat. Wogonjetsayo adapezanso malo ena - otayika. Mzinda waulemerero uwu uli m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian.
Khazar Kaganat adagwa pamaso pa Nayvyatoslav, koma izi sizinali zokwanira kwa wolamulira. Prince adayesa kupambana ndikupanga malowa kumbuyo kwake Kwake. Posakhalitsa Sarkel adasinthidwa loyera. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, m'zaka zomwezo, Kiev adalandira Trutarakan. Amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu idatsimikizika mpaka kuyamba kwa 980s.
Ndale Ndale
Mfundo zamkati za Svmotoslav igorevich inali yogwira ntchito. Pamaso pake, wolamulirayo adapereka cholinga - kulimbitsa maboma pokopa mabwana ankhondo. Ndondomekoyo sinakope kalonga wachichepere, motero palibe zosintha zapadera za mkhalidwe wa Boma kwa zaka za Stavyatoslav.
Ngakhale sakonda kuchita zinthu zamkati mwa Russia, Svmotoslav igorevich adayambitsa kusintha kwina. Makamaka, yapanga njira yotolera msonkho watsopano komanso kutumiza. M'madera osiyanasiyana, dziko lakale la Russia, malo apadera anali olinganizidwa - magile. Apa adatola ndalama kwa nzika. A Scototoslav igorevich adatha kuthana ndi VYatichi, yemwe akupandukira wolamulira. Mumpeni, kalonga adasinthidwa ndi anthu ofiirira. Chifukwa cha izi, zopereka zodzikongoletsera zidayambanso kudzudzulanso. Ngakhale ntchito imeneyi, mwana wamkazi wa Olga adatenga zovuta zambiri.
Nzeru za kalonga waukulu zimawonekera pambuyo pakubadwa kwa ana aamuna. Svytoslav igorevich inali yofunika kuyika pamipando yachifumu m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya anthu okhulupirika komanso odzipereka. Ku Kiev, Malamulo Yaropolk, ku Novgorod - Vladimir, Oleg adakhala kalonga wa drevlyansky.
Ndondomeko zakunja
Ndondomeko zakunja zakhala zosangalatsa zachinyamata. Pa nkhani yake nkhondo zazikulu - ndi ufumu wa ku Bulgaria ndi Byzantium. Mabaibulo ambiri m'mbiri ali ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri ku Russia. Olemba mbiri yakale adayimitsa pazosiyanasiyana ziwiri polimbana ndi ufumu wa ku Bulgaria. Malingaliro oyamba anali kuti zonse zinayamba ndi nkhondo pakati pa Brizantia ndi Ufumu wa Bulgaria. Pankhani imeneyi, mfumu ya Byzantine idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza svytoslav igorevich. Anali ankhondo ake omwe amayenera kumenyera Bulgaria.
Malingaliro achiwiri ali pakuti Bzantium anayesa kufooketsa kalonga wa Kiev, monga wolamulira adatha kugonjetsa dziko lawo. Ndipo m'boma la Byzantine palibe mtendere wamalingaliro: kazembe wa omwe adafika ku Svytoslav adasankha kukonzekera mfumu yake. Anaweruza kalonga wa ku Russia, adamulonjeza mayiko a ku Bulgaria ndi chuma kuchokera mosungiramo zipatso za Byzantium.
Kuwukira kwa Bulgaria kunachitika mu 968. Svyatoslav igorevich adatha kuthana ndi otsutsa ndikugonjetsa pereyaslavl, komwe kumakhala pakamwa pa danibe. Kuyanjana ndi boma la Byzantine kunayamba kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono. M'chaka chomwecho, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma Pechenegs kunachitika ku Kiev, kotero kalonga amayenera kubwerera ku likulu la Russia kuti abwerere ku likulu. Mu 969, mfumukazi ya Olga idamwalira, yomwe idachitika mkati mwa boma. Izi svylaslav igorevich kuti ikoweretse ana kwa bolodi. Prince sanafune kukhalabe likulu:
"Si aliyense amene amakhala ku Kiev, ine ndikufuna kukhala ku Pereyaslavs pa Danube - kwa ine pakati pa dziko lapansi kulipo, mapindu onse achi Greek, pavolok, zipatso zosiyanasiyana; Kuchokera ku Czech Republic ndi akavalo ndi akavalo a Hungary; Kuchokera ku Russia ndi sera, uchi ndi akapolo.Ngakhale kuti linali boma la Byzantine lomwe lodana ndi Bulgaria, lotsiriza lidatembenukira kukalanda svvyatoslav kwa iwo. Emperor adaganiza kwa nthawi yayitali, momwe mungachitire, koma kenako adaganiza zolimbitsa boma lake ndi ukwati wake wamwala. Kumapeto kwa 969, mfumu yamwalira, ndipo a John Zimischi adakwera pampando wachifumu. Sanalole kuti adzapezenso mwana wamwamuna wa Chibugariya ndi Byzantine.
Atazindikira kuti Byzantium salinso wothandizira, olamulira a boma la Bulgaria Pembakanitsa pangano ndi Svmotoslav igorevich igorevich. Onse olamulira amasemphana ndi Byzantium. Kupanikizika kwankhondo pakati pa ufumuwo ndi boma la Russia kunawonjezeka. Pang'onopang'ono, asitikali adakokera kumadongosolo. Mu 970, kuwukira kwa Byzantium kukuchitika. Kumbali ya Svmotoslav anali a Bulgaria, a Hungaria ndi Pechenegs. Ngakhale zili zabwino kwambiri m'nkhondo, m'nkhondo yayikulu, Kalonga Svytoslav igorevich adaphwanyidwa.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, asitikali adabwezeretsa mphamvu ndipo adayamba kuwulanso pa boma la Byzantine. Tsopano ndinathamangira kunkhondo ya olamulira. Apanso omenyera a Byzantium anali opambana. Anagwira mfumu ya Bulgaria yomwe idagwidwa ndipo adayandikira ku Svytotoslav. Munthawi imodzi ya Prince yovulala. Pambuyo pake, mfumu yolamulira ya Byzantine ndi wolamulira waku Russia adakhala pansi patebulo. Svmotoslav igorevich imasiya Bulgaria, koma imabwezeretsa ubale ndi Byzantium. Tsopano gawo lakummawa la boma la Chibugariya limamvera mfumu. Madera akumadzulo apeza ufulu.
Moyo Wanu
Maulendo ankhondo anali cholinga chachikulu cha Svytoslav igorevich. Moyo wa kalonga unachita bwino. Wolamulirayo anabala ana amuna atatu - Yaropolk, oleg ndi Vladimir. Mapewa a ana aamuna padali chidwi ndi malingaliro amkati mwa boma, pomwe bambowo adapambana madera atsopano.
M'malemba ovomerezeka a nthawi imeneyo palibe chidziwitso chokhudza mkazi wake yemwe adabereka ana awiri akulu. Amadziwika za Amayi Vladimir. Mkaziyo sanakwatire kalonga, koma anali mdzakazi.
Imfa ndi Kukumbukira
Mbiri ya svyatoslav igorevich igorevich imasweka mu Marichi 972. Prince sakanakhoza kukhala pakamwa pa Dnieper. Pamodzi ndi gulu lankhondo, wolamulira adayesa kugwedezeka kudzera mwa Pekenegs. Unali kulakwitsa koopsa, chifukwa omenyera omenyera adagwa m'manja mwa anthu aku Nomads. Pechenegy wa abale ndi svytoslav:
"Ndipo anamuukira iye akusuta, procen pechenezhsky; Ndipo Svytotoslav adaphedwa, nadula mutu, napanga mbale ya chigaza, nayenda mbusayo, nawumwa. "
Panthawi ya ulamuliro, kalonga adakulitsa gawo la boma ndipo adalandira dzina lankhondo. Svytoslav amatchedwa wotchedwa m'mbiri yakale. Memory of Svmotoslav igorevich ikadakhalapo. Chithunzi cha kalonga wa mkulu wa Kalonga chidagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku aluso, zaluso. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, chipilala choyamba "Scometoslav panjira yopita ku Mfumu Grad" idawonekera. Zithunzi zili ku Kiev ndi ku Ukraine zigawo.
Chithunzi chachilendo chikupezeka pa intaneti. Masters malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a anthu a nthawi ya Prince omwe adapanga chithunzi: munthu wa sing'anga kutalika, smooky, misozi yayitali, chipolopolo champhamvu, chipolopolo champhamvu.