Chiphunzitso
Charlotte Bronte ndi wolemba wotchuka wa Chingerezi, wolowetsa wamkazi wachikazi m'mabuku. Wolemba zachipembedzo, owerenga dziko lonse lapansi la bukulo "Jane eyre", pa chiwembu chomwe chimachotsedwa ndi filimu yomwe ilipo. Komanso, wolemba adapanga zolemba "tawuni", "mphunzitsi" ndi "Emma".Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ndondomeko yamtsogolo idabadwa pa Epulo 21, 1816 ku West Yorkshire, mbiri yakale kumpoto kwa England, yomwe imawomberedwa ndi mapiri okwera, minda yopanda komanso imasiyanitsidwa ndi chonde kwambiri. Charlotte anali mwana wachitatu m'banjamo. Abambo a wolemba Patrick Brokonte, Englishman of Ireland, amatumikirapo mu mpingo, ndipo Amayi A Brenland adatsogolera banja.
Mu nthawi yodziwitsa, mankhwalawa sanapangidwe. Dziko linakulitsa zolemera za obisika, diphtheria ndi kolera, nawonso anapezanso mwayi khanda. Koma ana a Patrick ndi Maria mozizwitsa anakhalabe amoyo. Charlotte adaleredwa m'banja lalikulu pomwe, kuphatikiza naye atsikana asanu adakula ndi mwana m'modzi.
Wotsiriza - An An Bronte - adayamba wolemba, yemwe adayamba wolemba mabuku "agnes imvi" ndipo "adasilira ndakatulo zingapo, koma sanalandire ulemerero wofananawo. Mwana wamkazi wachisanu - Emily Bronte - adasankhanso njira yolenga ndikukhala wolemba yekhayo, koma buku la buku lotanthauza "bingu limadutsa".
Mwana wamwamuna yekhayo m'banja la Patnsick Balwall adasokoneza zolemba, koma pambuyo pake adasankha inkliner ndi maburashi a Peru, utoto wamafuta ndi chofunda. Chifukwa cha wojambulawu, owerenga amakono amazindikira momwe zolemba zimawonekera, chifukwa Patrick adawona zithunzi zambiri za abale ake otchuka.
Mu 1820, a Bronte anasamukira kumudzi wa Hoert, yemwe anali ku County West Yorkshire. Patrick adasankhidwa kutchalitchi ku tchalitchi ku St. Michael ndi angelo onse. Pa Seputembara 15, 1821, munyumbayo panali phiri losasinthika: Mariya adamwalira chifukwa cha khansa ya chiberekero, choncho zotsekera ndi zovuta za ana zidagwera mapewa a anthu.
Mu 1824, patrick amatumiza ana aakazi kuti amvetsetse dipuloma kusukulu ya Kovan Bridge. Wolemba wamtsogolo sanali pasadakhale, koma aphunzitsi adatulutsa kuti mtsikana wazaka eyiti ali wanzeru kwambiri kuposa zaka zawo. Komabe, chidziwitso chake chinali mlembi: Charlotte sanadziwe momwe angawerengere ndipo sanadziwe chilichonse chokhudza galamala ndi zamakhalidwe.
Kenako, Charlotte anakumbukira kuti alendo panali mavuto amene kuchichepetsa thanzi kale ofooka alongo wake wamkulu. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1825, Mary anayambira ndi kachilombo TB, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi itatu Elizabeth anathamangira ku bedi kwa Chakhotka. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mpaka m'ma XX, TB ankaona matenda oopsa komanso pafupifupi osachiritsika. Atsikana analephera kuti achire ndipo posakhalitsa anafa. Patrick, nkhawa kuti mliri zidzakhudza ana aakazi ena, anatenga Emily ndi Charlotte ku Hoert.
Pa za yomweyo, pamene kunyumba Hoeerty utsogoleri, Charlotte, Emily, Ann ndi Brenell anayamba kulemba kwa kuchepetsa pa mlungu imvi ndi mitundu yowala. Mu nthawi yawo, alongo pansi pa gome ndipo anatulukira nkhani bayron ulendo umene unachitika mu maiko zopeka zamatsenga ndiponso maufumu. Charlotte pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake analemba ntchito za zopeka English njuchi mu Africa ndipo anatulukira zosatheka likulu - galasi mzinda. Ndipo Emily ndi Ann anakhala Olemba mndandanda wa nkhani wotchedwa "Mbiri Gondal", koma dongosolo sipezeka. Pali maganizo zida anawononga mipukutu asanamwalire.
Mu 1831-1832, tsogolo novelist anapitiriza maphunziro ake ndipo analowa Sukulu Row-Anali, kumene iye anadzionetsa ku mbali yabwino. Malo mkulu wa sukulu uyu anali kulamulidwa ndi Abiti Margaret Wooler, chimene zida mpaka kumapeto a moyo nditamva mgwirizano ngakhale mikangano zinachitika pakati pa madona. Charlotte komanso anakhala mabwenzi amnzanga Ellen Nasi ndi Mary Taylor, amene makalata ambiri kumanzere.
Atalandira dipuloma, Charlotte anayamba kupeza chakudya ndi ntchito aakulu mphunzitsi. Koma mtsikanayo sanatero ngati njira ya aphunzitsi, amene motsutsana ndi zolengedwa kungoganiza, amene analengedwa ndi m'bale wake ndi alongo. Wolemba analibe tidakocheza ntchito ya mphunzitsi chinachake modabwitsa owala, okhoza kungadzutse ndege wapamwamba ndi zilandiridwenso. Bronte apezane cholembera, koma nthawi ntchito zolembalemba anali m'gulu analibe. Choncho, ndiye mbali yaing'ono chabe ya ndakatulo ndi mbali zina za ntchito, zomwe zinalengedwa masabata lalifupi maholide sukulu zinalembedwa.
Ndikofunika kunena kuti Charlotte amasamala mapangidwe a alongo. Pokhala ndi bambo ake, adabweretsa Emily kusukulu ndipo adalipira kuchokera m'thumba lake. Koma mtsikanayo adalephera kukhala mnyumba kuchokera kunyumba ndi malamulo ena ndi NRAAmi. Pamapeto pake, Emily anaganiza zobwerera ku Hoitert. Kenako malo ake adatengedwa ndi Ann. Pambuyo pake, kutsatana ndi sukulu kunasamukira ku Dawsbury Moore, komwe kuli kosangalatsa komanso yabwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi lingaliro lakuti malo atsopanowo amakhudza thanzi lawo komanso malingaliro awo, charlotte ndi Ann adasiya maphunziro.
Malembo
Ernest Hemingway atangonena kuti:
"Maganizo enieni kwa wolemba ndi chimodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zofunika kuzichita. Lachiwiri, mwatsoka, ndi talente. "Charlotte ndi izi mokwanira kuyambira ubwana wake: Broonate analemba vesi loyamba, kukhala mtsikana wazaka 13 (wolankhulidwa woyamba adalembedwa mu 10). Kumva mphatso yachilengedwe, mtolankhani wamtsogolo adayamba kuchita. Mtsikanayo adatumiza ndakatulo zingapo zonyansa ndi wolemba ndakatulo wakale wachingerezi, prossaka ndi nthumwi ya "School School" Robert South. Mbuye wa cholemberali amadziwika ndi nthano ya msungwana Zngutovlask, yomwe idapita ku matembenuzidwe atatu (chifukwa chowerenga Russia (Owerenga Russian akudziwa kuti ili ndi "Masha ndi zimbalangondo zitatu").
Tsoka ilo, zolemba pamanja za Charlotte zotumizidwa ndi zinthu, zidapita kuuluka. Chifukwa chake, wojambula sadziwa za ndakatulo zomwe mtsikanayo adapereka kukhothi kwa wolemba. Koma chifukwa cha yankho Robert, yemwe adafikirapo, amatha kuganiziridwa kuti zingwe za Charlotte zidadzazidwa ndi kukwezedwa komanso kutchuka. Saturtey adalangiza woyamba kuti aziziritsa fumbi. Malingaliro ake, Charlotte adataya chidwi, ndipo izi zimapweteketsa mtima. Komanso Robert ankakhulupirira izi za mayi wachichepere, maudindo achilendo achimuna ayenera kukhala pamwamba paukadaulo.
Yankho la Matra lakopeka ndi Bronte: Mtsikanayo adasiya kulemba ndakatulo ndikuwatsatira, komanso zenizeni kusankha zachikondi. Mu 1833, Charlotte bronte alemba mawu oyamba achi Roma ". Pa upangiri wa Robert, mtsikanayo adabisa dzina loona kuchokera pamaso pa anthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito pseudommm - Ambuye Charles Albert Floria Welsli. Mu ntchito iyi, yomwe imapangidwa muzochitika za Gothic, kutengera kwa buku la mbiri yakale - Walter Scott amatsatiridwa. Mamiyendo a Charlotte ndi mtundu wa alyeyusy pa ntchito ya matra, omwe amatchedwa "wakuda pang'ono".
Ngakhale panali zaka zazing'ono (kenako Charlotte anali 17), mkuwa umagwiritsa ntchito maphwando ovuta kulemba ndikulemba nkhani m'nkhaniyi. Chiwembu cha "chobiriwira" chimamangidwa pomwe Ambuye wina Charles, atamizidwa pankhani yosangalatsa ya mnzake - Mr. John Wall, yemwe nthawi ina ankagwira ntchito yofunika. Zochitika zomwe zikuchitika zikuchulukira padziko lapansi la mzinda wagalasi, wopangidwa ndi alongo a bronte. Otsutsa ena adagwirizana kuti bukuli lingathetse kuyankhulana kwa Charlotte's a Junicle "nthano yokhumudwitsa", ngakhale "zobiriwira" zimaphatikizidwa patoto.
Mu 1840, wolembayo akufuna nkhani ya bukuli "ESorth" (lomwe lidakhalabe). Ntchitoyi inali yochokera ku biogy ya Alexander Eshworth, yomwe ndi chiwonetsero cha mawu akuti "m'masiku a ziwanda zimapezeka." Alexander amakhala wodalirika komanso wanzeru, koma amakhala ndi mkwiyo wovuta. Mnyamatayo samagwirizana ndi abambo ake, chifukwa chake, ngati kuti mwana wolowererayo, amachoka mnyumbayo kuti akwaniritse buku la London.
Zikuwoneka kuti nkhani ya Charlotte imatha kukula buku lodziwika bwino, koma wolemba Harty Karridge, yemwe bukulo limalemba kalata, adatsutsa muzu wa ntchitoyo mu fluff ndi fumbi. Charlotte anavomera ndi malingaliro a wolemba komanso kumaliza ntchito pa bukulo. Ntchito ya "mphunzitsi" ndi malo osungirako nyumba yachi Roma, yomwe idafalitsidwa mu 1857. Wolemba anayesa kugulitsa akonzi awa, koma zoyesa zake zinali pachabe, kwa ofalitsawo ananena kuti ntchitoyo ija imakhala yosangalatsa.
Charlotte anali ambiri olemba, zolemba ndi mathirika. Koma wolemba uyu adalemba nkhaniyo chifukwa cha buku lotchuka lodzikonda dziko lapansi "Jane eyre", lomwe linasindikizidwa mu 1847. Bukuli likunena za mtsikana wamasiye wamng'ono wa Jane, amene amaponyedwa kumbali ya moyo. Mbale yekhayo wa ngwazi - Mars. Reed - sakonda mchimwene ndikuyesa kupeza mlanduwo kuti alange "mtsikana".
Posakhalitsa, amapita kusukulu, ubale wake ndi ophunzira amawonjezera bwino, koma mliri wa dzina likupita patsogolo m'magawo ophunzirira. Chifukwa chake, mnzake wapamtima Jane amwalira. Chiwembu cha bukuli ndi chaching'ono ndipo chimakamba za moyo wa munthu wamng'ono. Koma bronte sagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito ma clichés apamwamba, omwe adachimwa kale. Mwachitsanzo, Jane sanayanjanenso ndi azakhali omwalira.
Moyo Wanu
Monga mukudziwa, Mzere woyera wa moyo mu kamphindi kwa diso m'malo ndi wakuda. Zingatanthauze kuti Charlotte anakwanitsa ndiponso anakhazikika anazindikira wolemba, koma chisoni mpaka kalekale chinachitika - anasiya m'bale wake ndi alongo awiri. Emily ndi Ann anafa TB. Brenwell analedzera mu zaka zomalizira za moyo. chizolowezi Ichi chokha kukula chikhalidwe chake thupi. Mnyamatayo anamwalira ndi matenda. Chifukwa, Charlotte ndi Patrick anakhalabe yekha.
Mu moyo wa wolembayo panali zambiri cavaliers amene ankafuna kupereka dzanja lake ndi mtima. ntchito zoterezi mu moyo wa Charlotte zinali zokwanira, koma iye anali mu palibe mofulumira kukwatira. Tsiku lina, Bronte anakumana kuthandiza wansembe Artur Bella Nikols, amene anakhala anasankha Charlotte. Poyamba, tsogolo mwamuna wa wolemba anapanga kutali kuganiza zabwino. Bronte analemba mu zolemba kuti Arthur anali ndi maganizo yopapatiza ndi kaja okha. Ukwatiwo unachitika m'chilimwe cha 1854. Panalibe ana kwa akazi.
Imfa
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1855, ndi novelist anathamangira ku bedi, chikhalidwe chake sakuyenda zikuchepa. dokotala anatsimikizira kuti malaise amagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za mimba. Charlotte anakumana nseru tsiku lililonse ndipo sankadya chakudya, chifukwa cha iye anaonekera zizindikiro za matenda a anorexia.
M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho, Charlotte Bronte anafa. Chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa ya wolemba kwambiri si anaika. Ili ndi ganizo limene Charlotte anafa TB, toxicosis kapena Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, amene mdzakazi wake wokalambayo anali kudwala.
M'bali
- 1833 - "Green kumiza"
- 1840 - "Esworth"
- 1846 - "Ndakatulo ya Carrera, Ellis ndi Ekton Bellov"
- 1846 - "Mphunzitsi"
- 1847 - "Jane Eyre"
- 1849 - "Sherli"
- 1852 - "Town"
- 1860 - Emma