Chiphunzitso
Palibe zodabwitsa kuti Sirter Scott amatchedwa bambo wa mabuku a Chingerezi, chifukwa wolemba waluso yemwe adadzakhala m'modzi mwa omwe adabwera ndi mtundu wa mbiri yakale. Malembawa a mbuye wa mphatsozo wa nthenga adasonkhezera olemba ambiri a 1900 ndi zaka za m'ma 1800. Dziwani kuti ntchito za Walter Scott adamasuliridwa m'gawo la Roma la Russia ku liwiro la Chingerezi mu 1829, m'ma 183s adawerengatu za akazi am'dziko lankhondo ndi AMBUYE.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba wotchuka adabadwa mwana wachisanu ndi chinayi pa Ogasiti 15, 1771 Ku likulu la Scotland - Edinburgh, mzinda, womwe umaperekedwa ndi zokopa, akachisi ndi misewu yammilomo. Nyuzipepala yam'tsogolo idakula m'banja lalikulu la Presbyterian (panali ana 13, koma zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha), zomwe zidakhala pansi lachitatu nyumba yomangidwa mu chipata chopapatira, chomwe chimatsogolera kuchipata cha Wakale kwambiri.
Walter Scott adabweretsa banja la loya wa Scottish Caromer Walter. Chaputala cha banjali nthawi zambiri chimathamangitsidwa chifukwa cha chithandizo chamalamulo cha makasitomala olemekezeka, koma Walter - wamkulu chifukwa chodzichepetsa komanso zofewa zidalephera kudyetsa boma. Amayi a wolemba, Anna Rutherford, anali mwana wamkazi wa pulofesa wotchuka yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Edinburgh Institute. Anna anali mayi wodekha, wowerengedwa bwino komanso wokonda mbiri yakale komanso nkhani za mbiri yakale. Makhalidwe awa adalandira Mwanawa Mwana.
Ndizosatheka kunena kuti ubwana wamunthu wamtsogolo unali wokondwa: matenda osayembekezereka adalephera kuphedwa kwa mwana wamng'ono. Chowonadi ndi chakuti wamkatiyo akamaliza chaka ndi theka, adasokonezeka ndi ziwalo za ana, chifukwa chake mwanayo adalimbana ndi moyo wa moyo zaka zonse zikubwerazi. Mu 1775-17777777, Walter adalandiridwa ku malo osungirako, komanso anali ndi famu ya agogo a agogo (kumeneko, Scott wachichepere kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo adadziwana ndi anthu a Elic ndi nthano). Koma matenda osayembekezereka awa amafanana ndi umunthu wake wonse, chifukwa wolemba wamkuluyo adakhalako mpaka kalekale (atasiya kuyenda mwendo wakumanja).
Mu 1778, mnyamatayo adabwerera ku Edninburgh ndikuyamba kupita ku bungwe loyambirira la maphunziro. Walter sanasangalale ndi maphunziro, makamaka wolemba mtsogolo sanakonde ma algebraic zovuta. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Scott adakwera mwana wamtunduwu: ali kale ndi zaka zisanu, adawerenga ntchito zachi Greek zakale za Homer ndipo zitha kutopa kwambiri.
Walter moyo wake wonse anali kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo banch ya sukuluyo sinasiye chidziwitso cha wolemba. Kupatula apo, ngakhale malembawo a Conan Donyle ananena kuti ubongo wa munthu ndi ubongo wopanda kanthu komwe mungadzaze chilichonse. Wopusa amachita: amakoka zomwe mukufuna komanso zosafunikira. Ndipo pamapeto pake, nthawi yake imabwera pamene chinthu chofunikira sichidzakankha pamenepo.
Chifukwa chake, kuti afike ku "chapamwamba" omwe akufuna, Walter akuyika pamenepo kuposa zothandiza kwambiri, monga amanenera, kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, mtsogolomo, katundu wamkulu kwambiri wazomwe ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chidathandiza Scott adalemba pafupifupi nkhani iliyonse.
Wophunzira wa Walter anali wovuta, wowerengeka a ndewu za anyamata ndi scuffle ndipo amadana ndi kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, Walteryo M'mapumu Pakati pa maphunziro omwe akutenga nawo gawo, anthu ambiri anasonkhana mozungulira mtsogolo mwa bukuli komanso poyendetsa nkhani zodabwitsa zomwe adazisamalira.
Komanso mu zaka za mtsogolo, Scott adatchuka chifukwa cha kukwera kwa phirilo mosavuta, kudyetsa abwenzi omwe adagonja, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima komanso maphunziro abwino kwambiri. Wolemba mtsogolo atakwanitsa zaka 12, adalowa ku koleji. Koma matenda a anzeru adasinthanso kusintha: Patatha chaka chimodzi, achichepere adapulumuka m'matumbo, chifukwa sanathe kuphunzira kuphunzira.
Mu nthawi yodziwitsa, mankhwalawa sanapangidwe, masewera ambiri azachipatala azaka zija akhala akuvutikira owerenga amakono mpaka pano. Kubweretsa matenda olimbitsa thupi abwinobwino, a Walter Scott adayenera kudutsa gehena yonse ya gehena. Mnyamatayo kwa maola ambiri adayima maliseche ku Ludo Claus, adapita kukakhala m'magazi, ndipo adakhalanso pazakudya za miyezi iwiri ndipo adangokhala ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chanthawi yayitali, chomwe chinatenga zaka ziwiri, mnyamatayo adabwerera kumzinda wakwawo ndikupita kumapeto kwa abambo ake, kukhala wophunzira m'Chilamulo chake.
Walter sanakonde kugwira ntchito yomweyo mwa kholo la kholo, volutomol pepalalol yekha adabweretsa kulakalaka kwa mnyamatayo. Koma kuchokera ku Scoutine ntchito ya Scoutine akadayesetsa kudzipindulitsa: kuti achepetse masiku osavuta, mnyamatayo adayesa mothandizidwa ndi Ankill ndi cholembera chomwe chimawonetsedwa papepala lodabwitsa la Ankalent. Komanso kulembera zolemba zingapo zovomerezeka, Walter adalandira malipiro ochepa, omwe amakhala m'mabuku omwe amakonda.
Pakukakamira kholo, Walter wasankha kuchita zizolowezi. Mu 1792, bambo wina anamaliza mayeso ku yunivesite ndipo analandira dzina labwino la loya. Kuyambira pano, Scott adalembedwa pagululi ndi munthu wolemekezeka wokhala ndi ntchito yotchuka komanso maphunziro.
Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa ntchito Scott atakhala ndi phindu lililonse: adayenda m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ndi mayiko, amadziwa moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu ena, komanso nthano zachikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za Scotland. Komabe, maulendo oterewa adangopita pafupi ndi wolemba Novice ndipo amawonetsa m'mabuku ambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, Walter adayamba kulowera kumitsinje yayikulu ya ndakatulo yaku Germany: mnyamata wokali akunjenjemera adamasulira mzere uliwonse wa Matherov. Matembenuzidwe adatulutsa incognito, osatchulidwa wolemba, kuphatikiza ntchito yodziwika bwino ya burger yotchedwa "Lenor" (Rinor ") (R.EZ Videy Von Berlikhiruagen".
Malembo
Sir Walter Scott, monga Franz Kafka, sanakhulupirire kuti gawo lolemba m'moyo, ndipo sitinkafunanso kupeza ulemu ndi kuzindikira modekha, kutchuka, kutanthauza kulemba popanda Mawu. Kulemba kwa Scott sanali chinthu chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawondo ndi kupanga utoto pa chochere.
Bungwe lodziwika bwino komanso modekha, lofananira nthawi yayitali ndi ntchito yake yowondedwa - kubzala mitengo. Mbiri yolenga ya Walter Scott sanangokhala ndi matembenuzidwe okha, komanso kuchokera ku ndakatulo. Ntchito Yake Yoyamba - Baladi "John Madzulo" (1800) - adaphunzitsidwa ndi zolemba zachikondi. Wolemba anapitiliza kusonkhanitsa anthu aku Scottish, omwe anali okhazikitsidwa pa zolemba pamanja zake zodula.
Mu 1808, Walter Scott amakhala wolondola pa expraary, adapanga zatsopano m'mavesi omwe ali pansi pa dzina "Marmion". Modabwitsa, ngakhale nthano yotereyi ndi zolengedwa zoterezi ndi zolengedwa limodzi ndi zojambulajambula: kudziwa - momwe Scott adalekanitsidwa ndi otsutsa mu fluff ndi fumbi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti iwo amawona chiwembu cha Matra Chonyansa: ukoma ndipo malingaliro ake anali osakanikirana ndi a protagonist, ndipo mikhalidwe imeneyi inali yoyenera kwa ngwazi yadzuwa.
Francis Jeffrey adalankhula kuti mammion aful anali phesi komanso wosasangalatsa. Koma phwando lotere la olemba sizinakhudze mbiri yofunikanso mbiri ya wolemba. Olemba ku Russia adalandira buku m'mavesi omwe ali ndi bang. Mwachitsanzo, zhukovsky adatanthauzira momasuka ku Stroko wa Scott mu chilengedwe chake "Khothi Lake Loundana, Monga ngati Surmeter" Izmail-Bay ", zomwe zochita zawo zimachitika ku Caucasus. Ndipo ngakhale Byronyo adapeza chiwembu cha "Mammion" okongola ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolinga zake zolengedwa zake zambiri.
Scott adalemba ntchito za "nyanja ziwiri" (1810) ndi "rockby" (1813), chifukwa cha zomwe adayambitsa mtundu watsopano wa mtundu watsopano - ndakatulo yatsopano. Komanso, wolemba, monga Shakespeare, mwaluso mu botolo limodzi ndi zopeka, ndi abwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nkhaniyi yomwe ili mu ntchito za cholembera sinaime m'malo mwake, koma anasunthira mtsogolo: Chikondwerero cha otchulidwawo adasintha kwa nthawi.
Wolemba adakonda kuwerenga Gothic ndi mabuku antine, koma sanapite mwa omwe adalipo. Walter sanafune kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere zowonjezera, pobweza mapulogalamu omwe Edgal anali otchuka, komanso sanafune kukhala wolemba "wakale" wa "ntchito zakale". M'malingaliro ake, anthu ambiri akuchita zipatala zambiri amangowerenga nthawi yodziwitsa nthawi.
Ngakhale Walter Scott ku Bulmenlency, komanso maso owopsa, adagwira ntchito moyenera komanso adakwanitsa kupanga mabuku osachepera awiri pachaka. Onsewa, mbuye wa cholembera m'miyoyo yake adakwanitsa kulemba mabuku 28, komanso ma ballads ambiri ndikutsogolera, zolemba zovuta komanso zolengedwa zina.
1826), "Avengo" (1819), "abntin" (1820), "moyo wa Napooleon ndi ambiri Ena akhala Baibulo la desktop kwa olemba zaka zotsatirapo pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, a Charlotte Bronte, Arthur Conan Doyle, Byron, Jane Austin ndi zilembo zina zam'mizirizi adadalira zolemba pamanja izi.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Scott unali wanzeru. Zaka 20, wovala bwino pachifuwa adayamba kukulitsa muvi wa chikho china: Mnyamata wachichepere adazindikira kuti amakonda Wilššamne wa Williamne, mwana wamkazi wa loya, yemwe anali wamng'ono kuposa mphotho kwa zaka zisanu. Wolemba zaka zisanu anasangalala kuchitira ena chisoni kuchokera ku dona wamphesa wam'kuwa, yemwe adatenga kavalo woyambitsa, koma sanafulumire kuziziritsa fumbi lake ndi yankho lake.
Zotsatira zake, villamina adasankha wazaka za mnyamata wina - William adaletsa, mwana wa banki wodziwika. Chikondi chosayenera chakhala chovuta wolemba buku la mabuku, koma nthawi yomweyo adapereka ntchito zatsopano, zomwe otsutsa ake anali ngwazi ndi mitima yosweka.
Mu 1796, wolembayo adakwatirana ndi Charlotte Carpernt, yemwe adapatsa okondedwa ana anayi - atsikana awiri ndi anyamata. M'moyo, Walter Scott sanali ngati madyerero aphokoso komanso maulendo owonjezera, yemwe adayambitsa bukuli mu vesi adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutaya nthawi, atazunguliridwa ndi abale ndi okondedwa. Ndipo koposa momwemonso Walkehua: munthu adanyoza mabungwe omangika mbali iyi ndikutha kwa wokwatirana naye.
Mbuya wotchuka wa nthenga wotchuka, komanso anali ndi banja. Scott akudzidziwitsa, popanda thandizo lililonse, adasamalira nyumba yake Ebbotsford pofika pamitundu yambiri ndi mitengo.
Imfa
M'zaka zaposachedwa za moyo, Walter Scott adapulumuka anthu atatu. Ndipo m'dzinja la 1832, Mphunzitsi wazaka 61 anamwalira ndi mtima wa mtima.
Pokumbukira wolemba, zipilala zidakhazikitsidwa, komanso mafilimu aluso komanso aluso.
M'bali
- 1808 - "Marmoon"
- 1810 - "Deva Lake"
- 1811 - "Masomphenya a Don Roderika"
- 1813 - Rokby
- 1815 - "Wordloo Waterloo"
- 1815 - "Zilumba za Otsuko"
- 1814 - "Warley, kapena zaka 60 zapitazo"
- 1816 - "Lolan"
- 1820 - "Abbat"
- 1823 - "quntin Dorvard"
- 1825 - "Talisman"
- 1827 - "Mavuto Awiri"
- 1828 - "Chipinda chokhala ndi ma tambala"
- 1829 - "Karl molimba mtima, kapena Anna Gendertionkaya, Virgo Mraka"
- 1831 - "Werengani Robert Paris"