Ivan Franco - Biography, Chithunzi, Moyo, Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Ivan Franco ndi wotchuka kwambiri ku Belitain, wolemba ndakatulo komanso wasayansi. Cholowa chakale ndi chachikulu, komanso zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwecho ndizovuta kuzichulukitsa. Mu 1915, wolemba adayang'aniridwa ndi mphotho ya Nobel, koma mpaka kuona, kuvomerezedwa kwa Ivan Franco sikunafike kumwalira.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

M'tsogolo mwakale za mabuku aku Ukraine adabadwa m'banja lolemera. Mutu wake ndi wa A Galilian Pernav Yakov Franco - adalandira ndalama kwa bizinesi yomwe kale, ndi amayi - Maria Kulchitskaya - anali wochokera ku "Wolemekezeka". Mwamuna wina wazaka 33 ali ndi zaka 33, mayi wina wopanda Rusin-Shristove adalera ana. Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wapadera wotchedwa Blondi.

Pamene Ivan Franko adakwanitsa zaka 9, abambo adamwalira. Amayi amayi anakwatirana kachiwiri, bambo wondipeza analowa m'malo mwa ana a Atate. Ndi Ivan, adalimbitsa ubale ndikumusunga moyo wake wonse. Mu 16 Ivan adakhala wamasiye: sanapange amayi.

Kusukulu ya Drobych, ku Monketon Anmlet, Ivan anali wophunzira wabwino kwambiri: aphunzitsi adatchulidwa kwa iye prifesali. Mnyamatayo anali ndi Memory Box - Mbiri Yotchulidwadi, ndipo Kobzar adadziwa pamtima.

Franco amadziwa Chipololi ndi Chijeremani, kumasulira ndakatulo kwa Baibulo, umphawi unkawerenga mbiri yakale ku Europe, imagwira ntchito pazakale komanso zachilengedwe. Kupanga ndalama ndi zophunzitsa, ivastist Ivan Franco adakwanitsa kutolera laibulale kuchokera m'mabuku a temi-tech. Kudziwa zilankhulo zakunja, anayamikila ku Ukraine wa ku Ukraine wakale, wosonkhanitsidwa ndi kulembanso nyimbo zakale, nthano.

Ivan Franco amakhala mu wachibale wakutali, yemwe anali ndi bizinesi ya ukalipentala ku Drohabych. Zinachitika kuti mnyamatayo anali kugona m'mabokosi achilendo achilendo (nkhaniyo "mu Joinery"). M'chilimwe, tsogolo lakale la mabuku ku Ukraile limaphika ng'ombe ku Noiguvichi ndipo zinandithandiza kuti abambo athe. Mu 1875, Ivan Franco adalandira satifiketi ndi ulemu ndikulowa yunivesite ya LVIV posankha luso la nzeru zanzeru.

Malembo

Nkhani yoyamba Ivan Franco adasindikizidwa mu yunivesite ya "bwenzi", zikomo kwa iye adasandulika kukhala chida chosindikizidwa. Opanda osagwirizana ndi osakhazikika adapangitsa kuti kumangidwa koyamba kwa ivan Franco ndi mamembala a bolodi "bwenzi".

Franco adatsutsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, koma kumasulidwa patatha miyezi 9 (miyezi 8) kuti bwalolo). Mnyamatayo adayikidwa m'chipindacho kupita ku kusoka kwa ziweto, osauka, omwe umphawiyo akukankhira ku ziwawa za manda. Kulankhulana nawo kunali komwe kumayambitsa ntchito zopeka zabodza, zomwe, zitatha kumasulidwa, Ivan Franco kusindikizidwa muzosintha. Nkhani za "kuzungulira" kumasamutsidwa ku zilankhulo zakunja ndipo amatchedwa zabwino kwambiri pazomwe wolemba.

Atachoka m'mabuku, Ivan Franco adakumana ndi zomwe anthu ogwirizana: "Wachifwamba" adapatuka ndipo anthu ndi ma rusteropiris. Kuchokera ku yunivesite, achinyamata adathamangitsidwa. Kuchita zinthu mwachidule ndi malingaliro achitetezo cha Socialist kunapezeka komwe kumanda - Garters Wankhondo ndi Astriay. Ndili ndi mnzake MUNA MAVLLIK inafalitsa magazini "bwenzi lapadera", komwe adafalitsa ndakatulo, nkhani zoyambirira ndi machaputala oyamba a nkhaniyo "Boa Consctor".

Posakhalitsa apo adalanda bukuli, koma Ivan Franco adayambiranso kutuluka kwa dzina losiyana, lolankhula - "Bell". Magaziniyi idasindikiza ndakatulo ya Pulogalamu ya Franco - "Masonry" ("Kamenyarі"). Ndiponso kulanda ndi kusintha dzinalo. Mu magazini yachinayi ndi yomaliza ya magaziniyi, yotchedwa "nyundo", Ivan Yavovlevich adasindikiza kumapeto kwa nkhani ndi ndakatulo.

Ivan Franco adatulutsa magazini ndi kabuku kake ndi matembenuzidwe a ntchito za Charles Marx ndi Shoedritich Engels, komwe kumayambiriro kwa omwe adalemba. Mu 1878, Revolution Equicary Repoust adakhazikitsidwa ndi magazini ya magazini ya "Praca" ("ntchito"), ndikusintha chiwalo m'buku la ogwira ntchito lviv. M'zaka izi, Ivan Franco adamasulira ndakatulo ya Heinrich Heinrich "Germany", "Fainna", a Johann, "analemba kuseka" Borislav ".

Chapakati pa 1880, panjira yopita ku Kolaysu Ivan Franko, wachiwiri adamangidwa: Wandale adagwera kumbali ya Tolomyani ya ku Kolosan, yomwe mlandu udatsogozedwa ndi boma la Austria. Adalipo miyezi itatu kundende ya Ivan Yakovlevich, ndidatumizidwa ku Nusuyevichi, koma panjira yopita kumudzi molimba mtima, adagwera mumzinda wandende ku Drohabych. Tawonana adakhala chifukwa cholembera nkhaniyi "pansi" pansi.

Mu 1881, Ivan Franco adasindikiza magazini yadziko lapansi, yomwe imasindikiza nkhaniyo "Boorislav kuseka." Owerenga sanawone mitu yomaliza ya ntchitoyi: Magazini idatsekedwa. Ndakatulo Ivan Franco adatenga magazini ". Mwa awa, zopereka "zochokera ku nsonga ndi kutsitsa" posakhalitsa zidapangidwa posachedwa. Pambuyo pa kutsekedwa kwa "kuwala", wolemba amakakamizidwa kupeza ndalama, kusindikizidwa m'mabuku a anthu. M'zaka izi, nkhani yotchuka "Zakhar Berkut" idatuluka m'magazini ya "Zaryya", koma posakhalitsa wolemba nkhaniyo "Zaryya" adatha.

Pakati pa 1880s, pofunapeza ndalama, Ivan Franco adabwera kawiri ku Kiev, kulosera ndalama kuchokera ku likulu la likulu kuti athe magazine yake. Koma ndalama yolonjezedwayo sinali ku Ivan Yavlevich, koma mkonzi wa Zari. M'chilimwe cha 1889, ophunzira aku Russia adafika ku Galiya. Pamodzi ndi iwo, Ivan Franco adapita mozungulira dzikolo, koma posakhalitsa gulu lidamangidwa, Franco adayimbidwa mlandu woyesera "Galicia ku Istria ndi cholinga choti agwirizane ndi Russia. Patatha miyezi iwiri, gulu lonse lidamasulidwa osayesedwa.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1890, Franco adalemba chiwonetsero cha udokotala, ndikutenga ndakatulo zandale za Taras Shevchenko ngati maziko. Koma University of Lviv sanavomereze dissertation kuti itetezeke. Ivan Yavovlevich adapereka dissertation ku Chernivitsky University, koma adamukana kumeneko. M'dzinja la 1892, wolemba adapita ku Vienna, komwe adalemba digiri ya buku lakale lakale lachikristu. Pakadutsa chaka ku Austria, Ivan Franco adapatsidwa dokotala wa nzeru zanzeru.

Mu 1894, atamwalira kwa dipatimenti ya mabuku aku Ukraine, profesa o. OGonovsky, otumizidwa ndi dipatimenti ya mabuku a ku Ukraine, ku Levi University, akuyesera kuti azikhala pamalo opanda kanthu. Lingaliro lake limayambitsa chidwi pakati pa ophunzira, koma ku dipatimenti Ivan Yavovlevich sanatenge. Kufikira chibadwa cha 25 cha chikondwerero cha Ivan Franko, omwe olemba ndi omwe adalenga ndi uverive wa Ukraine adakondwerera kwambiri, nditapereka ndakatulo yanga "Izmaragd" yanga "idatuluka.

Kusintha kwa 1905 ku Russia kunapangitsa kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo "Mose" Mose "Mose" ndi zosonkhanitsa kwa ndakatulo ", zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndakatulo ya" Gopper Tiro "

Kumayambiriro kwa 1900th ya Ivan Franco yokhala ndi akatswiri aku Ukraine, kumutu wa Mikhal Ghushevsky amayima, sharpen. Mu 1907, kuyesa kutsogolera dipatimenti ku yunivesite ya LVIV kunayambanso zalephera: Mawu a Franco sanaganizidwenso. Thandizo linachokera ku Kharkov: yunivesite inapereka Ivan Yavovlevich mlingo wa Dr. Mabuku aku Russia. Wolemba komanso wasayansi ku Russia ndi pridneprovskaya Ukraine ndi ulemu.

A Ivan Franco, monga omwe adalowa m'malo mwake ndi anthu omwe adalipo kale, adatchula mobwerezabwereza zamulungu, za m'Baibuloli. Kutanthauzira kwa wolemba kwa anthu zachikhristu ndi koyambirira. Chitsanzo chowala kwambiri ndi "Nthano ya Moyo Wamuyaya."

Mu 1913, wolemba ndi wasayansiyu anati chikondwerero cha zaka 40 mwa zikondwerero cha chisangalalocho chinayimitsidwa chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe ili pamwambapa. Makina ambiri a propicac amphaka ndi ndakatulo za Matra. Kufalitsidwa ndi mzinda wa Matra atamwalira.

Onse, Ivan Franco adalemba ntchito zoposa 5,000. Anthu a m'masiku ena anamuyerekezera iye ndi anthu akuluakulu a Remaissance, otchedwa "gulu lalikulu la astight chimatentha Ukraine wathunthu." Koma polankhula za moyo wakale, nthawi zambiri amakumbukira mawu ake: "Amakhala ngati milungu, opha akuwalamulira, ndi oyipa kuposa Psaulimenti amakhala ndi moyo."

Moyo Wanu

Ndi mkazi wamtsogolo wa olga, wolemba aku China adakumana ku Kiev pakati pa 1880s. Ivan Franco sanali munthu wokongola: Wotayidwa tsitsi, ndi maso otsika, otsika. Anakopa azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, malingaliro opita patsogolo komanso chidziwitso cha encyclopedic. Kukongola Olga Wokonda Galilhanin. Kuchenjeza abale ndi abwenzi kuti wachinyamata ndi wa gulu lina, sanandibweretsere chilichonse. A Ivan Franco adachedwa ukwati: kuyika ukwati wa ukwati, adawerengedwa pabukhu losowa ku library.

Kusuntha Kievans ku likulu la Galicia sikunabweretse chisangalalo: Lvivyanja yotchuka ya Olga "olkalka", mkazi wachichepere, sakanakhoza kukhala wake. Banja lomwe ana anayi adawonekera wina ndi mnzake, pakufunikira ndalama. A Ivan Franko sanatenge ntchito, adagwidwa ndi apolisi ndi mphamvu, kulenga kumabweretsa ndalama zochepa.

Ana a Alrei, taras, Peter ndi Mwana wamkazi Arena anawerenga nthano za abale a Gromm, Ivan Yavovlevich anawalimbikitsa iwo ndi Germany. M'mudzi wandale za Franco, adapita ndi ana m'nkhalango ndipo pamtsinje. Olga, ndikupangitsa ana kuti agone, omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Germany ndi French, analemba nkhani za almanachs a almanuchs, anakamba nkhani yake ndi mwamuna wake. Koma mavuto amoyo ndi umphawi wachepetsa psyche yosakhazikika - Olga adawonetsa kuti ali mkati modutsa manjenje amanjenje.

Mu 1898, Ivan Franco adalandira mphotho ya dziko lonse. Pa ndalama izi, olga adawonjezera chotsaliracho ndikutenga ntchito yomanga nyumbayo ku Lviv. Koma sinditha kukhala nawo kunyumba yatsopano mosangalala. Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kwa olga kuchulukana, zovuta zamanjenje ndi kusweka kwa ivan Yaklevich. Kuponya komaliza kunali kufa kwa mwana wamwamuna wa Andrei mu Meyi 1913, Olga adagwera kuchipatala cha amisala.

Imfa

Miyezi yotsiriza ya moyo wa Ivan Franco amakhala pobisalira Sich Schiechov: Olemba adamangidwa mwa odzipereka. Kufikira chikondwerero cha 60, Franco sanapulumuke miyezi itatu. Adamwalira ali payekha. Mwana wamwamuna muukapolo, Petro adamenya nkhondo, mwana wamkazi wa Anna adagwira ntchito kuchipatala cha Kiev.

Wolemba adamwalira kunyumba: Franco adathawa ku pogona mu Meyi 1916. M'chaka chimenecho, adasankhidwa kulandira mphotho ya Nobel, koma wapatsidwa amoyo. Kunalibe wasayansi ndi wolemba pa Meyi 28. Adamuyika m'manda a Lychakovsky.

M'bali

• 1877 - "Wopaka Wopanda Mphamvu"
• 1880 - "Pansi"
• 1882 - "Zakhar Berkut"
• 1882 - "Borislav kuseka"
• 1884 - "Wosonkhana"
• 1887 - "Lel ndi Kafukufuku"
• 1887 - "YatsI ZelePuga"
• 1890 - "Misa Mikita"
• 1891 - "Advents of Don Quixote"
• 1892 - "Kuba Chimwemwe"
• 1894 - "Zipilala za kampani"
• 1895 - "nsapato za abumov"
• 1897 - "Kwa Mtima Mtima"
• 1899 - "Mafuta Wam'madzi"
• 1900 - "Misewu Yodutsa"