Chiphunzitso
Bolodi la mfumu ya ku France Louis Xiv amatchedwa wamkulu, kapena wamkulu wagolide. Bizinesi ya mfumu ya dzuwa imakhala ndi nthano. Wothandizira wotsimikiza ndi wophunzitsidwa ndi Mulungu wochokera kwa Mafumu, adalowa nkhaniyo monga wolemba mawuwo"Boma ndi ine!".Mbiri ya nthawi yayitali ya Myukani pampando wachifumu - zaka 72 - sizinamenyenso mfumu iliyonse ya ku Europe: Magawo okha a mafumu achi Roma anali atapita nthawi yayitali.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Maonekedwe a malowe, wolowa m'malo wa mtundu wa Bourbon, m'masiku oyamba a Seputembara 1638, anthu anakumana ndi kuwonongeka. Makolo amfumu - Louis XIII ndi Anna Austria - adadikirira chochitika choterezi zaka 22, zonse zomwe banja limakhalabebebebebebebebe osabelabe. Kubadwa kwa mwana, kupatula mnyamatayo, Chifalansa chinadziwika kuti chisomo chatha, kuyitanitsa Dofina Louis Bodonne (Bogodin).
Chilolezo cha Nationawa ndi chisangalalo cha makolo sizinasangalatse ubwana kukhala wokondwa. Abambo a abambo anamwalira ndi zaka 5, amayi ndi amayi ake adasamukira kunyumba yachifumu, m'mbuyomu nyumba yachifumu ya Richelieu. Wolowa m'malo wampando wachifumu adakula pamalo okwera: Makadinasi a Mazarini - omwe amakonda boma - adatulutsa mphamvu, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera mosungiramo ndalama, kudzisamalira yekha. MFUMUYI YOYAMBA YA MUNGU WA MUNGU WA MUNTHU WOSAVUTA: Mnyamatayo sanatsimikizire ndalama za zosangalatsa ndi kuphunzira, Louis-rodonne anali ndi madiresi awiri okhala ndi ma sheet.
Mazarini adalongosola nkhondo zapachiweniweni kumenyedwa - Frond. Kumayambiriro kwa 1649, kuthawa zigawengazo, amparch Banja la amparch adachoka Paris ndipo adakhazikika m'dziko la makilomita 19 kuchokera ku likulu. Pambuyo pake, mantha komanso kuchepetsedwa adasinthidwa kukhala chikondi cha Louis XIV mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu.
Pambuyo pa zaka 3, zovuta, chisokonezo chopanda pake chinatsika, omwe adapulumuka kadinalayi wobwerera ku mphamvu. A Brazda a Boma sanataye mtima, ngakhale Louis amadziwika kuti ndi osokonezeka kwathunthu kuyambira 1643: omwe adayamba kukhala ndi mwana wamwamuna wazaka zisanu, amayi ake adataya mphamvu ya Mazarini.
Kumapeto kwa 1659, nkhondo pakati pa France ndi Spain inatha. Pangano losainidwa ndi Pyrenean lidabweretsa dziko lomwe lidabweretsa ukwati wa Louis XIV ndi mwana wamkazi wa Spain Maria Teresia. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, Kadinala adamwalira, ndi Louis XIV adatenga ma brazers a bolodi m'manja. Monachi wazaka 23wo adathetsa malo a mtumiki woyamba, adapereka lamulo la State Council ndipo adalengeza:
"Kodi ukuganiza kuti boma ndi iwe? Boma ndi ine. "Louis XIV adanena momveka bwino kuti pamenepa sakadafuna kugawana mphamvu. Ngakhale mayi, yemwe, mpaka posachedwapa, Louis adachita mantha, malowo adawonetsedwa.
Kuyambira Board
M'mbuyomu, mphepo yamkuntho ndi yomwe imakonda kuyenda ya Jolly ndi DEFEGEN idadabwa ndi ufulu wodziwa ndi akuluakulu akusintha. Louis adadzaza mipata mu maphunziro - m'mbuyomu sanathe kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chovuta, mfumukazi yachinyamata imachira pachinthucho ndikuthana.
Louis adawonetsedwa momveka bwino komanso mwachidule, nkhani za boma zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, koma kudziletsa ndi kunyada kwa mfumu ndi kunyada kunali kwakukulu. Milandu yonse yachifumu inkawoneka yocheperako kwambiri, kotero mfumu dzuwa limasandulika nyumba yosaka mu mashena, omwe ali kumadzulo kwa Paris, nyumba yachifumu itakhazikika pa masikelo ndi zapamwamba. Zaka 50 pazaka zake zinali 12-14% ya ndalama zolipirira maboma.
Zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa mfumuyo amakhala ku Louvre, kenako mu ma tuilerial. Nyumba yanyumba yamiyala inayake idakhala malo okhala ku Louis X82. Nditasamukira ku Louis ku Europe ku Europe, kudalipo kalekale ku likulu.
Kuchuluka kwa nyumba zachifumu zokayika pa Louis kuti mupeze malamulo a batiquet okhudzana ndi ulemu ngakhale pang'ono. Kuti azunzidwe ndi ludzu, louis anamwa kapu yamadzi kapena vinyo, antchito asanu amafunikira. Pakakhala chete patebulopo, Mfumuyo yokha inalikha kukhala, mpando sunanenedwenso ngakhale. Pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, Louis adakumana ndi atumiki ndi akuluakulu, ndipo ngati akudwala, khonsolo lidayitanidwa kwathunthu ku malungo achifumu.
Madzulo, masitairiikulu adatsegulidwa kuti asekere. Alendo adavina, amathandizidwa ndi mbale zopambana, makhadi omwe amasewera ku Louis adasokoneza. Salloni la nyumba yachifumuyi idayitanidwa, malinga ndi zomwe zakhala. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino zinali ndi mamita 72 komanso m'lifupi 10. Utoto wa BUBRA, magalasi kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi pa denga lokongoletsedwa ndi zigawenga ndi miyala yasiliva Zokongoletsera za azimayi ndi oyendetsa moto kuti muwotche moto.
Ndi bwalo la mfumu, olemba ndi ojambula amagwiritsa ntchito. M'mayiko, nthabwala ndi zamasewera a moliere, a Jean Rame ndi Pierre Cornel. Masqueradi adalinganizidwa m'nyumba yachifumu, ndipo m'chilimwe bwalo ndi odzola adapita kumudzi wa Triaon wophatikizidwa ndi mashearles minda. Pakati pausiku, Louis, kudyetsa agalu, adapita ku duwa, komwe adagona atatha miyambo yayitali.
Ndale Ndale
Louis XIV amadziwa momwe mungatenge azitumiki ndi akuluakulu. Kampani ya Zachuma Jean-Batist Coller adalimbitsa thanzi la kalasi yachitatu. Ndi icho, malonda ndi makampani anakula bwino, mwachangu wa zombo. Marquis de Luvua anasintha asitikali ankhondo, ndipo ukadaulo wankhondo ndi asitikali a Marquis de Voban adamanga zida zomwe zidakhala cholowa cha UNESCO. Cource de Tyner - mlembi wa State for Asitikali - adakhala wandale ndi wapomiya.
Kuwongolera boma pansi pa Louis 14 kunachitika. Mitu ya zigawo zinasankha Louis. Amathandizira katundu pakuthana ndi nkhondo, adalimbikitsa chilungamo chenicheni ndikuwamvera anthu pomumvera.
Mizinda yomwe imayang'anira mabungwe kapena maupangiri okhala ndi chiberekero. Kukula kwa kabulo kabulu kamagona pamapewa a mabourgeois a Bourgego a Borgegeois ndi anyamata, omwe amachititsa kuti azichita zipolowe komanso zipolowe. Milandu yamkuntho inayambitsanso msonkho pa chizindikirocho, chomwe chinali zotsatira za chiuno ku Brittany ndi kumadzulo kwa boma.
Ndili ndi Louis XIV adatenga nambala ya malonda (lamulo). Pofuna kupewa kusamukira, a mfumuyo adapereka lamulo, lomwe adachoka ku dzikolo, lomwe lidasankhidwa, ndipo nzika zomwe zidatumikirako kwa akunja, zomwe zidadikirira kunyumba.
Boma Lamalamulo ku King Down linagulitsidwa ndipo linabadwa nawo. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, ulamuliro wa Louis ku Paris adagulitsidwa ma 25 zikwizikwi mu kuchuluka kwa ma 77 miliyoni a Livra. Kuchokera patobweya, akuluakulu sanalandire - amakhala pam misonkho. Mwachitsanzo, Agls amalandila udindo pa mbiya iliyonse yophimba - yogulitsidwa kapena yogula.
MaJesuis - ogwirizana ndi Mfumu Mnzake - adatembenuza Louis mu chida cha Mkakatolika. Mabungwe - Huguenot - akachisi omwe adasankhidwa, adaletsedwa kubatiza ana ndikukwatirana. Maukwati ndi Akatolika ndi Apulotesitanti anali oletsedwa. Atsogoleri achipembedzo adakakamiza Apulotesitanti 200,000 kuti asamukire ku England ndi Germany.
Ndondomeko zakunja
Ndi Louis France adalimbana kwambiri ndikumenya nawo bwino. Mu 1667-68, gulu lankhondo la Louis lomwe anagwidwa. Pambuyo 4 zaka, nkhondo idayamba ndi Holland yoyandikana nayo, kuti ikuthandizire ku Spain ndipo ku Denmark mwachangu. Posakhalitsa Ajeremani adalumikizana nawo. Koma mgwirizano womwe watayika, ndipo France adalimbikitsa Alsace Alsace, a Lorraine ndi Asgian.
Kuyambira 1688, zigonje zankhondo zankhondo za Louis zimakhala zodzichepetsa. Austria, Sweden ndi Spain, omwe adalowa nawo ku Germany, ogwirizana ku gersburg League ndikutsutsa France.
Mu 1692, mu doko la Cherbourg, mphamvu za League zimaphwanya chitoliro cha French. Pamtunda, Louis adagonjetsa, koma nkhondoyi idafuna ndalama zambiri. Anzawo anapandukira kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho, mipando ya siliva yochokera ku Varleles inapita ku Screter. Mtsogoleriyo adapempha mtendere ndikupita pa chivomerezo: Adabwezera sapeoy, Luxembourg ndi Catalonia. Wodziyimira pawokha unakhala wosurraine.
Chotopetsa kwambiri chinali nkhondo ya Louis ku Spain cholowa mu 1701. Motsutsana ndi French Unict New England, Austria ndi Holland. Mu 1707, allies, akuyenda kudutsa ma Alp, adalowa mu Louis Armrade 40,000. Kuti mupeze ndalama zogulira nkhondo, mbale zagolide za golide zinkatumizidwa kwa nyumba yachifumu, njala idayamba mdzikolo. Koma mphamvu za magwiritsidwe ntchito zimawuma, ndipo mu 1713 Afalansa adasaina dziko la Umercht ndi Britain, ndipo chaka chimodzi cha Ries, ndi Austria.
Moyo Wanu
Louis Xiv - mfumu, yemwe adayesa kukwatira chikondi. Koma kuchokera pa nyimbo ya mawuwa sangataye kunja - si ya mphamvu ya mafumu. Louis wazaka 20 zidamukonda mwana wachinyamata wazaka 18, mwana wa mchimwene wake wazaka 18, mtsikana wophunzira mancini. Koma kuthekera kwandale komwe kumafunikira kuchokera ku France mpaka kufika kumapeto kwa dziko lapansi ndi Spaniards, komwe kumatha kulembedwa ndi mabatani a Louis ndi a khanda a Anwan Peresia.
Pamachabe bambo a Louis adapemphera kwa amayi ndi kadinodi kuti amulole kutenga mkazi wa Maria - adakakamizidwa kukwatiwa ndi Chispanya chosakondedwa. Maria adakwatirana ndi kalonga waku Italiya, ndipo ku Paris Baun wa Louis ndi Maria Teressia adachitika. Koma kuti akhalebe okhulupirika kwa mnzanu wa mfumuarch sakanakhoza kukakamiza aliyense - mndandanda wa azimayi a Louis Xouis, yemwe adalemba naye, wokongola kwambiri.
Pambuyo paukwati, mfumu yamng'onoyo inaona mnzanu wa mchimwene wakeyo, adagwada kwa orleans, - a Henrietta. Kukayikira kuchokera kwa iye, mayi wokwatiwa adayambitsa Louis ndi Frellan wazaka 17. A Blonde Louise de La Walter khromala, koma anali Mila ndipo amakonda Loavys Louis. Mroma wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi Louise adabvera korona atabadwa mbadwa zinayi, a iwo, mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi adakhala wachikulire. Mu 1667, mfumu idachotsedwa ku Louise, ndikumupatsa ulemu wa ndowe.
Chatsopano chatsopano - Marquis de Montpan - idakhala yotsutsana ndi lals: fumbi lamphamvu ndi malingaliro amoyo komanso othandiza linali ndi Louis Xiv wazaka 16. Amayang'ana zala pazala zomwe zimachitika pa Louis yachikondi. Nkhondo ziwirizi zomenyera nkhondoyo zinabereka ku Louis ndi mwana, koma wachinyengo anadziwa kuti amakonda kuti amubwezere kwa iye amene anamupatsa ana asanu ndi atatu (anapulumuka anayi).
Montepan MORORGAL mdani, yemwe adakhala wolamulira wa ana ake - mkazi wamasiye wa wolemba skirron, Marquis de Mernthenon. Mayi wophunzira malingaliro akuthwa. Analankhula naye kwa maola ambiri ndipo adazindikira tsiku limodzi lopanda Marquis Nsono mwachisoni. Atamwalira mkazi wa Maria Teresia, Louis Xiv XIV wokwatirana ndi kusinthana: Mzindawu unayamba wachipembedzo, kunalibe chilichonse kuchokera m'mbuyomu.
Imfa
Chapakatikati pa 1711, mwana wamwamuna wa Monry adamwalira kuchokera ku nthomba - Dofe Louis. Wolowa ufumu wampando wachifumu adalengeza za Mtsogoleriyo - Mkulu wa Burgundy, mdzukulu wa dzuwa, koma adamwalira pachaka kuchokera ku malungo. Mwana wotsalira ndi agogo aamuna a Louis XIV - adalandira ulemu wa Dofina, koma kudwala kwa ofiira ndikufa. M'mbuyomu, Liouis adalamulira dzina la Bourbon kwa ana amuna awiri, omwe adabala mwa wokwatiwa dentete. Mu Chipangano Chachiyambi, iwo anali ndi vutoli ndipo atha kulandira mpando wachifumu.
Akulumbiri a ana, zidzukulu ndi zidzukulu zadzetsa thanzi la Louis. Mzinda wa Monled ndi wachisoni, wosiya chidwi pazinthu zaboma, amatha kugona pabedi ndi drachlel tsiku lonse. Kugwa kuchokera ku kavalo nthawi ya kusaka kunali kwa mfumu yakale ya zaka 77: Louis adawononga mwendo wake, agangareka adayamba. Omwe apangira opaleshoni - kudula - kumakanidwa. Monirch adapanga madongosolo omaliza kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndikufa pa Seputembara 1.
Masiku 8 omwe adachoka ku Louis adanenanso zabwino m'magazini, ku NARIART SITETED kupita ku Balilica ya Saint-Debes Abbey ndipo adakwirira miyambo yachikatolika. Nthawi ya bolodi ya Louis XIV idatha. Mfumu Dzuwa Lathu Dzuwa la zaka 72 ndi masiku 110.
Kukumbuka
Pafupifupi nthawi ya m'badwo wopambanawo sachotsedwa mafilimu amodzi. Yoyamba - "chigoba chachitsulo" chotsogozedwa ndi Allan Dun - adatuluka mu 1929. Mu 1998th Louis XIV mu tepi yosangalatsa "munthu mu chigoba wachitsulo" adasewera Leonardo Di Caprio. Malinga ndi filimuyi, France sanaperekedwe ku chitukuko, koma abale amapasa, omwe adakhala pampando wachifumu.Mu 2015, mndandanda wa TV wa ku France-Canada "wa ku Canada" umasintha "pa ulamuliro wa Louis ndi kumanga kwa nyumba yachifumu kudabwera kwa zowonera. Nyengo yachiwiri ya ntchitoyo inatuluka kasupe wa 2017, pamwamba pa chaka chinayamba kuwombera wachitatu.
Mavuto ambiri amalembedwa za Louis. Biography yake idawauzira mabuku a Alexander Duma, Ann ndi Serzh Golon, Juliette BenzinI.
Zosangalatsa
- Malinga ndi nthano ya mfumukazi, mayi wa mfumukaziyo adabereka amapasa, ndipo Louis 14 adakhala ndi m'bale amene adazibisa kuchokera ku diso la chidwi pansi pa chigoba. Olemba mbiri yakale satsimikizira kukhalapo kwa m'bale wamapasa ku Louis, koma osakana mwamphamvu. Mfumuyo ikhoza kubisala wachibale kuti mupewe chidwi komanso kuti musayambitse zowawa pagulu.
- Mfumuyo inali ndi mchimwene wake - Filipo Orleans. DOFIN sanayesedwe kukhala pampando wachifumu, kukhutiritsa zomwe zinali nazo kubwalo. Abalewo ankamverana chisoni, Filipo anati Louis "papa Wamng'ono."
- Za nthano ya rabalazian Louis Xiv ulemerete: Monachi mwa munthu wina amadya zinthu zambiri monga momwe angakhalire zokwanira nkhomaliro zonse za Suite. Ngakhale usiku, vamdiner idabweretsa ufumuwo chakudya.
- Ndikunena kuti, kuwonjezera pa thanzi labwino, zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu wokwera chidwi ndi malo okwanira. Mmodzi wa iwo - m'thupi la Monar anali ndi nyongolotsi (unyolo), kotero Louis adauma "kwa iye yekha ndi munthu ameneyo." Zitsimikizizo zasungidwa m'malipoti a mabwalo am'manja.
- Madotolo a m'zaka za zana la 17 amakhulupirira kuti matumbo athanzi anali matumbo opanda kanthu, kotero Louis ankalembedwa pafupipafupi. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mfumu ya dzuwa idalowa chimbudzi kuyambira nthawi 14 mpaka 18 patsiku, kusokonezeka kwam'mimba ndi mapangidwe a mpweya nthawi zonse.
- Crastic Dentactist Daca adakhulupirira kuti palibe matenda opambana kuposa mano owonongeka. Chifukwa chake, adachotsa mano ndi mfumu ya mkono wosakhazikika mpaka zaka 40 mkamwa mwa Louis sanasiyidwe kanthu. Kuchotsa mano am'munsi, Adotolo adaphwanya chibwano cha mkungu cha amparch, ndikuluma kumtunda, kutulutsa thambo, chifukwa chomwe Louis anali ndi dzenje. Pofuna kupatsa matenda a Daka anasonkhanitsa ndodo yotentha ya thambo.
- Ku Khothi la zonunkhira za Louis ndi zonunkhira zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yambiri. Malingaliro a ukhondo m'zaka za m'ma 1700 adakumana ndi zomwe zili pano: zizolowezi zimatsuka atsogoleriwo ndi Chelyadi silinali. Koma fungo, lochokera ku Louis, lakhala fanizo m'matauni. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zake ndi chakudya chosinthika, chokhazikika mu dzenje la mano mumlengalenga cha mfumu.
- Mtsogoleri wakukonzanso zapamwamba. Mu mashele ndi nyumba zina, Louis amawerengera mabedi 500, mu chipinda cha chipinda chidali mawigi okwana chikwi, ndipo machesi anayi a machesi adasoka ku Louis.
- Louis XIV imadziwika kuti ndi olemba m'mphepete mwa zidendene ndi ofiira omwe akhala prototype wokhala ndi chingwe cha Sergey ". Zidendesiti 10-center adawonjeza Monachi (1.63 metres) kukula.
- Mfumu yadzuwa idalowa nkhaniyo ngati gwero lalikulu (Grand Maniere), zomwe zimadziwika kuti kulumikizana kwa kalasi ndi Baroque. Roolace mipando yomwe ili pa mawonekedwe a Louis Xiv imagawidwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera, ulusi, zofananira.