Chiphunzitso
Maria Callas - mkazi yemwe mawu ake amatchedwa chodabwitsa. Woyimba wa Opera, kuphedwa kumene kumakakamizidwa ndikukakamiza womvera kuti apume, ndipo "Caste Stia" ndi "Ave Maria" ndi "Ave," ave mafani a opera. Pambuyo pa kufa kwa Mary Kallas, otchuka otsutsa a Pierre-Jean Reming adzalemba:"Pambuyo pa Crus Opera sadzakhala chimodzimodzi monga kale."Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa zolambira ndi kuwombapira, mbiri ya Maria Callas idadzaza zokhumudwitsa ndi zotayika.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Maria Cecilia Callas, amabatizidwa ngati Maria Anna Sofia Kekiliya Kalogirier, adabadwa pa Disembala 2, 1923 ku New York. Kubadwa kwa msungwanayo asanakhalepo ndi tsoka m'banjamo: makolo ataya mwana wamwamuna yekhayo wa basil. Kugwedezeka Kwambiri, bambo Mariya, kuti apange chisankho choyenda kuchokera ku Greece kupita ku United States. Amayi Mary, Uthengawu, nthawi yomweyo kuvala mwana wachitatu (m'banjamo anali woyamba kubadwa kwa Cynia). Mkazi amalota kupita kwa mwana, yemwe adzalowa m'malo mwa mwana wosamwalirayo.
Kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi wachiwiri kwakhala vuto ku uthenga wabwino: Amayiwo anakana kuyang'ana kwa mwana wakhanda pasanathe. Atangoyang'ana mokwanira, mtsikanayo anabadwira ali ndi mphatso. Maria wamvetsera nyimbo zakale za zaka zitatu, zoseweretsa za mtsikanayo zidasinthira mbale ndi opera Arias. Maria Callas adamvetsera kwa wotchi mu nyimbo, osamva kuti anali kumva. Ali ndi zaka zisanu, mtsikanayo adayamba kudziwa piyano, ndipo pa eyiti - kuti atenge maphunziro a kuyimba. M'zaka khumi, Maria wachita chidwi ndi mawu odabwitsa.
Amayi ngati kuti ayesa kukonza zokhumudwitsa zomwe za kubadwa kwa mtsikana, amalimbikira kuti adzakwaniritsa ungwiro, ndioyenera malingaliro abwino ochokera kwa kholo. Ali ndi zaka 13, mtsikanayo adatenga nawo gawo mu Edilesi yotchuka ya wayilesi, komanso mumpikisano wa ana za ana ku Chicago.
Kukakamiza kwamuyaya kwa mayiyo kunasiya chizindikiro cha Mariya: mpaka nthawi yomaliza, woimbayo amayesetsa kuti akhale angwiro, kulimbana ndi zinthu zakunja ndi zochitika zakunja. Pambuyo pake, mlongo wake wa Kalelas adzakumbukira izi wokongola komanso waluso Maria amadziona kuti ndi wokulirapo komanso wotchuka komanso wopanda pake.
Amayi a amayi sanali ndi chidwi ndi mtsikanayo kuti ayambe zolakwika mwa iyemwini ndikuyesetsa kutsimikizira kuti amafotokoza za kufunika kwawo. Kuvulala kwa anawa kudzakhala ndi callas moyo. Kukhala kale wotchuka, mkaziyo amadziwika kwa atolankhani:
"Sindinalimbane ndekha, nthawi zonse ndimandipatsa kukayikira komanso mantha."Mariya atakwanitsa zaka 13, mayi wa mtsikanayo, adakangana ndi mwamuna wake, adatenga ana aakazi ndikubwerera ku Atene kapena ku Atene. Kumeneko, mayiyo anayesetsa kwambiri kukonza mwana wamkazi kuti aphunzire ku Royal Conservatory. Chingwecho chinali chakuti phwandoli linaloledwa kokha kuyambira zaka 16 zokha, motero Maria adakhala ndi zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake ndinayamba njira yopanga Maria Callas.
Nyimbo
Mariya ankaphunzira mosangalala, akupita patsogolo. Pa 16, mtsikanayo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory, adapambana mphoto yayikulu mu mpikisano wamaphunziro achikhalidwe. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, alonda achichepere adayamba kupanga ndalama ndi mawu osamveka. Mu Nkhondo Ikuyenera Kutha Kwambiri Ndi Njirayi: Banjali linalibe ndalama. Mtsikanayo ali ndi zaka 19, adaimbira gulu lake loyamba ku Opera "Tosca". Ndalama kwa nthawi imeneyo inali yachifumu - madola 65.
Mu 1945, Maria Callas adapita ku New York. Kukumana ndi bambo anu omwe mumakonda adakula kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa mkazi watsopano wa munthu: Izi sizinakonde kuyimba kwa Mary. Zaka ziwiri zotsatira zakhala zikusindikizidwa zakale ndi mayeso ku New York, Chicago ndi San Francisco.
Pomaliza, mu 1947, a Mary anapatsa mgwirizano wolankhula za ku Italiya. Pamenepo, woimbayo anali akuyembekezera kupambana kwa Joconde ndi Oyeretsa kunagwedeza pagulu. Callas ankayitanidwa nthawi zonse ku maudindo atsopano, chifukwa cha Maria komwe Maria adapita ku Venice, Turnin, Florence.
Italy wakhala nyumba yatsopano ya mayi yemwe adapatsa zidziwitso za Callas, kusilira komanso zachikondi. Ntchito ya woimbayo idapita kuphiri, kuchokera ku zoitana kunalibe kuchotsera, zithunzi za Maria Callas kukongoletsa masana ndi zikwangwani.
Mu 1949, Maria amachita ku Argentina, mu 1950 - ku Mexico City. Zolumikizirana komaliza sizikhala njira yabwino kwambiri yokhudzira thanzi la dista: mayi adalemera, zomwe zidawopseza kukhala cholepheretsa zina. Komabe, kulakalaka anthu omwe amakonda anthu ndipo adakhala mbanja kunakakamiza Maria kuti 'adye ".
Pomaliza, akubwerera ku Italy, Maria adapanga ndalama zake mu Cilance ColAwiro "La Scala". Mkazi ali ndi "a Thata". Kupambana kunali korona - Callas wodziwika ngati woimba waluso. Komabe, kutsutsa kochokera kwa Mariya kunali komweko. Mantha a ana akukhomedwa nthawi zonse amakhala mkati mwa calas, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiziyesetsa kuchita zinthu mwangwiro. Mphotho yabwino kwambiri inali kuitana kwa wovomerezeka "la Scala" mu 1951.
Mu 1952, Callas imachita "zonena" ku London Royal Opera. 1953 adalembedwa ndi "Medeay" ku Scala. Zosagwirizana mpaka pano, "Medea akuti," Medea akuti, "Medea akuti," HEDea "adanena, kugunda: kuphedwa kwa Maria Callas kunapereka moyo watsopano kuntchito.
Ngakhale kuli bwino, Callas adavutika chifukwa cha kuvutika kwamuyaya. Mkaziyo anayesa kuchepa thupi, kupsinjika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kunaphatikizidwa ndi zopinga zachinyengo kuchokera kumzinda kupita ku mzindawu ndi kuwerengera nthawi yayitali. Kutha thupi kwamanjenje kunayamba kukhudza, Callas adayamba kuletsa zomwe zimachitika.
Sizingakhudze malingaliro a pagulu: kutchuka kwa ulemerero wa mkazi wonenepa komanso wopanda chidwi adapatsidwa kwa woimbayo. Kuthekera kwa malingaliro kunapangitsa kuti zichitike milandu yalamulo, komanso nkhani zolaula zomwe zimangokulitsa nkhawa za Mary.
Zochitika zomwe zidatsatiridwazi m'moyo wanu zimafota mbiri ya Mary Callas. Mu 1960s ndi 1961, woimbayo adangoyankhula kangapo. Banja lomaliza la Diga lomwe linachitidwa mu opera "mu 1965 ku Paris.
Mu 1970, woimbayo angavomereze kuwombera mufilimuyi: Maria Callas adayitanidwa ku gawo la Medea. Wotsogolera anali wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, mbuyeyo anena za Mariya:
"Uli pano ndi mkazi, mwakuthupi la akazi ambiri, koma mkazi wakale amakhalamo - zachilendo, zamatsenga, zamatsenga, ndi mikangano yamkati."Moyo Wanu
Mwamuna woyamba wa Maria Kalelas anakhala munthu wotchedwa Giovanni Battista Meginista. Callas adamudziwa ku Italy. Giovanni anakonda kwambiri Opera, ndipo palibe wokonda kwambiri Maria. Kukhala wolemera, MEgigi anakana bizinesi yopambana kuti ithe kuwononga moyo wa wokondedwa wake. Megini anali wamkulu wa callas, ndipo mwina chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zaka, bamboyo adatha kukhala wokonda mnzake komanso mnzake, Atate wovuta komanso manejala wothandizira.
Mu 1949, okonda adavekedwa korona mu Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Pambuyo pa zaka 11, izi zingakhale cholepheretsa chiyanjano cha Mariya ndi wokondedwa watsopano: Mpingo wa Orthodoxxx ungakane mkazi mu chisudzulo. Zaka zoyambirira za ukwati ndi Megigi anali wokondwa, Maria adaganizanso kuti achoka paudindo, abereke mwana ndikuthetsa miyoyo ya banja. Komabe, izi sizinali zoti zidzakwaniritsidwa.
Mu 1957, Maria adadziwana ndi Aristotle Moressis, wogulitsa ngalawa wolemera komanso wochita bizinesi wochokera ku Greece. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, madokotala amalimbikitsa woimbayo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri kunyanja: Nyama yam'madzi iyenera kuti inathandiza mayi kuti apirire kutopa komanso kutopa. Chifukwa chake Maria amapezekanso ndi zoswisi, kuvomera kuyitanidwa kuti ayende paulendo pa bilioire.
Ulendowu wakhala mfundo yomaliza muukwati. Pali ubale wambiri pakati pa Maria ndi Aristotle. Mwamuna wokongola adatembenuza mutu ndi opera, omwe pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti nthawi zina samatha kupuma kuzomera ku Aristotle.
Pambuyo paulendo wapamtunda, Maria amasuntha ku Paris kuti ayandikire wokondedwayo. Assis adasudzula mkazi wake, wokonzeka kukwatiwa ndi Mary, koma ukwati ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika sanalole kuti mayi Tchalitchi chisanathe kuphwanya ukwati wakale, makamaka kuyambira megigi adayesetsa kuti athetse banja.
Ngakhale namondweyo anali ndi chimphepo chamkuntho, moyo wa Mary Callas sunali patakhota. Mu 1966, mayi anatenga pakati kuchokera kwa Aristotle, koma anapezeka kuti ali pagulu la anthu: kuchotsa mimba. Maria adasweka. Mkaziyo adachotsa mwana chifukwa choopa kutaya wokondedwa wake, koma komaliza asananene za izi.
Paubwenzi, unayamba kuphwanya, banjali limakangana. Maria Callas adayesa kusunga chikondi, amakana makonsati ndikuthamangitsa macheza, kungokhala pafupi ndi Aristotle. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri zimachitika, ozunzidwa adapezeka pachabe. Awiriwo adasokonekera, ndipo mu 1968, Aristotle adakwatirana ndi Jacquoline Kennedy. Ataphwanya ndi ossisom, Maria Callas sakanapeza chisangalalo.
Imfa
Kusamalira okondedwa, kutha kwa ntchito ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso thanzi la Mariya. Zaka zomaliza za moyo zinali nyenyezi yokhayokha, osafuna kulumikizana ndi aliyense.
Maria Callas adamwalira mu 1977, mayiyo anali ndi zaka 53. Choyambitsa kufa kwa dokotala chidzatchedwa kuyimitsa kwa mtima momwe ma dermatomyyoysosis (matenda akuluakulu a minofu yolumikizidwa ndi minofu yosalala)
Palinso mtundu womwe imfa ya Maria Callalas si yangozi. Akuti akuimba mlandu wakuizoni wa Vasdo Maiden, bwenzi la Mary. Komabe, nkhaniyi sinapeze umboni. Phulusa la Diwa, molingana ndi zofuna za Mariya, yomangidwa pa Nyanja ya Aegean.
Mu 2002, Franco Dchiffarelliellirelli, mzanga wa Mariya, amajambula filimuyo "calaslas kwamuyaya". Woyimbayo adasewera zodziwika bwino.
Phwando la Mary Callas
- 1938 - Santuzza
- 1941 - Tosca
- 1947 - Jocunda
- 1947 - isalwe
- 1948 - Turandot
- 1948 - ADTA
- 1948 - Norma
- 1949 - Bruumilda
- 1949 - Elvira
- 1951 - Elena