Chiphunzitso
Njira yochokera kwa ana ang'ono 15 a mwana wa mafumu aku Austria kupita kwa mfumukazi ya France, yemwe adatha ndi moyo ku Gullotine, Maria-Antoinetta adachitidwa mu zaka 38. Amadziwika kuti mfumukazi ya rococo ndi dame.
Amakutidwa ndi zida zambiri zamafashoni, ambiri omwe adakhala mpaka pano ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ofuna anzawo. Maria - Antoinette wodziwika bwino katatu ndikubwereketsa zinthu za anthu. Amadziwika kuti ndikuyenera kudya makeke, ngati kulibe mkate.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mfumukazi Zamtsogolo Ku France Maria-Antoinette adabadwira ku Vienna. Makolo - Emperor Franz Ndine wonenepa ndipo Mary Terezia - adakula kale ana 14. Mwana wakhumi asanu (dzina lathu - Maria Anthony Joseme Gahanna gabsburg-burring) adabadwa pa Novembala 2, 1755. Maonekedwe a Antoine - msungwana waku Natian adatchedwa - chivomezi cha Lisbon, chomwe chidatenga miyoyo 80,000 ya Chipwitikizi mu Mphindi. Kubereka koopsa kwa Mfumukazi ya mayi ndi kusankha kwatsopano kobadwa - mfumu ndi mfumukazi ya Portugal - adatanthauzira ngati zizindikiro zoyipa.
Ubwana Mariya - Antointette adadutsa chilimwe cha Habsburgs - Schönbnyunn Castle, nyumba yokongola kwambiri munthawi ya Baroque. M'banja lalikulu komanso lachikondi, mwana wakhanda adalimbikitsidwa kuti sanamupulumutse ku malamulo opanga mawonekedwe. Mu zaka 3, antoine adayika corset, komanso azimayi onse mu banja la mfumu. Ndipo kuzindikira kuti mano pang'ono a Erzgegerini amakula momasuka, dokotala wamano amavala zingwe zake zonyansa.
Adabweretsa Maria Antoinettte pa dongosolo lapadera: Maphunziro a kuvina, penti, mbiri yakale komanso matchulidwe aphunzitsi omwe adziwitseko kuphunzira, masamu komanso zilankhulo zakunja. Mafumu ndi akalonga anaphunzitsa malamulo aulemu komanso kuthekera kocheza ndi anthu. Koma Antoine sanakondweretse mfumukazi, amayi ku changu - mtsikana m'maphunziro onse anali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba.
Wotchuka wotchuka Jegor-George, yemwe amaphunzitsa Erc Divelgerdersergerser .
Ku Khothi Loona France
Maukwati a ana a ana amawerengedwa ndi mafumu molimbika. Kupatula ndi Habsburg. Malinga ndi upangiri wa maboma aku Austrian, mabungwe amchere a mzera wa zingwe za Habsburgs amayenera kulimbikitsa malo osaneneka ku Austria ku Europe, chifukwa ozungulira ndi Ertsgedogin akwatiwe ndi okwatirana.
Madzi am'madzi a Maria Antoinette sanali kupatula, womwe udapezeka mu gawo lina la French Dauphin Louis. Malingaliro ochokera kwa amayi achifumu a France adafuna chaka chimodzi, ndipo itafika, ndikadayankha ndikukonza zokondedwa a Antoine wa Antoner. Aphunzitsi adatenga malo okhala mtsogolomo: kuvina, ulemu ndi zilankhulo zidaphunzitsidwa ndi Maria antoinette m'mayendedwe othamanga. Mwana wamkazi wagona mu mfumukazi yonse, mayi mpaka atachokapo.
Ukwati unachitika mu Epulo 1770 ku Vienna. Mkwati ndi proxy adawonetsa ku French Erzgertick, wotumizidwa ndi Bourbon kupita ku Austria. Maria-Antoinettte adachoka kwawo kwamuyaya. Mwambo wosinthira wa Dofey wachitika mu Meyi: Pamalo a Antoan, akusintha zovala ndi Austria kupita ku French ndikunena kwa abale ake ndi abwenzi, adapita ku France. Mkwati wokhala ndi nthumwi anakumana ndi mkazi wake mu nkhalango ya comesi.
Ukwati wachiwiri unachitika mosiyanasiyana. Madyerero aukwati amakhala kuyambira 16 mpaka 30 Meyi. Patsiku lotsiriza, pachimake adakonzedwa - zikondwerero za wowerengeka ku Paris Square. Chifukwa cha bungwe loipa (dzenje lomanga ndi ma tranche pa lalikulu), anthu omwe anachita mantha ndi zingwe za a Protekec adathamangira kukangana. Khamu la anthu linathawa pa anthu agwa, iwo ambiri anali okonzeka ndi dzenje. Chiwerengero cha akufa chinafika 139. Adayikidwa m'manda ambiri. Unali chizindikiro chachiwiri cha Hantow to Antoine.
Maria Teresia, pozindikira kuti mwana wamkazi wa Yuna komanso osazindikira, chifundo cha Arganto, omwe adawona Mariya-aronetta pagawo lililonse.
Ukwati wokhala ndi Louis chifukwa chakusowa kwakuthupi kwa mwamuna wake, zaka zoyambirira zinakhala zosakwaniritsidwa: Okwatirana amagona m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Kukondera zosangalatsa ndi zosangalatsa kwa Maria-antoinette, kukhumudwitsidwa ndi kuzizira kwa wokwatirana, adalowa m'manda onse. Pa bals ndi rauna dofina adakhala masiku ndi usiku, ndikupereka chakudya ku Khothi. Banja la mafumu linali likulu la chisamaliro ndikupereka zifukwa zolembedwera a Pembo la PeFfaleti. Mpongozi wake wa ku Austria ananyozedwa momveka bwino.
Kwini
Makhalidwe a Khothi la French Marie Antoinette adawoneka wotchuka kwambiri, ndi malo achichepere a Dafine adazungulira anthu ena omwe adayesetsa kupindula ndi kudaliridwa kwa Austria, yemwe sanadandaule. Chinsinsi chokhacho cha Antoine chidakhalabe wa kazembe wa ku Austrian, omwe adasungidwa omwe zinsinsi zomwe zili pazithunzi za m'magazi kwa Daufine pazaka zambiri zapitazi atatsegulidwa.
Ana aakazi atatu osakwatiwa a Louis XV adakonza Maria Antoinette motsutsana ndi momwe abambo amakonda - Madame Dubarry. Omaliza anali ndi kulumikizana ku Khothi ndipo anali wotchuka. Mary Antoinette adalangizidwa kuti apange abwenzi ndi mayi yemwe adakumana ndi mayi wina wodziwa.
Kukula kwa Louis XVI kunayambitsa kudzoza pakati pa French: Anthu adatulutsa chinsinsi cha kukondera ndikudikirira kuti asinthe. Anthu anafikira mfumukazi yachinyamata, kumuwona mwa iye wowolowa manja komanso wowolowa manja.
Mayi Mary Teresya anafunsira mwana wamkazi kuti azitikonda moyo wodekha komanso woweruza, pangani zoyeserera kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa ku Austria ndi France. Koma Maria-Antoinette adazizungulira ndi zokongola, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mokoma mtima ndi a Namenters, akukoka ndalama ndi maudindo a banja lawo.
Bwenzi lapamtima la Mary Antoinette, Countess de Polynac, adagwira ntchito mwachangu kwa iye ndi abale ake: Othekera osauka adakhazikika pabwalo, nalandira mfumukazi ya mfumu miliyoni. Ndili ndi Chula Rourury Maria-Antonettette, sichinali mwambo, kujambula kuchokera pamenepo mosangalatsa ndi zovala zapamwamba.
A Greet Cresswo ankakonda kukameta uso ndi masewera a bwalo. Mumaluso kuti mukhale pa madzi oundana sanali ofanana. Pambuyo poika zoletsedwa kwa woletsedwa kwa wokwatirana, Maria Antoinettte adachita chidwi ndi kutchova juga. M'kalata, a Mary Tereziai ku Austria kazembe wa ku Austria adanena kuti mwana wamkazi mu 1778 amataya a Francs.
Nyumba ya Loanon, yomangidwa ndi Louis Louis XV kwa Pomv ya Pompod, mfumukazi yachichepereyi idakhala nthawi yayitali, ndikupangitsa kuti osankhidwa anyumba yanyumba yomwe sanayembekezere mayizi. Chidaliro cha mfumukaziyo chimagwiritsa ntchito ndale zachinyengo komanso zokopa, kukakamiza Maria Antoinette kuti aletse zofuna zawo ku Khothi ndikuwongolera malingaliro a mwamuna wake. Mfumukazi ya ku France idakwera ku Austria mu nkhondo yankhondo, yotchedwa "nkhondo ya mbatata".
Kumayambiriro kwa kusintha, Maria-Antoinette adadziyika yekha kuti ndi mdani wa demokalase. Ndipo pofika kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala 1789 Voiceles anagwira mafoni, Mfumukazi yomwe anali ndi mkazi wake anasamukira ku ma tallies. Mitambo idakhumudwitsidwa pamitu ya banja. Mu June 1791, Maria Antoinette ndi mwamuna wake adayesetsa kuti asinthe mwayi wowukira wa Austro-Prussi-Prussion, akuyesera kupulumutsa mpando wachifumu, moyo kwa iye ndi ana. Koma zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana: mu Ogasiti 1792, nyumba yachifumu ku Kashi idalanda opandukawo.
Moyo Wanu
Atachiritsa phoumsis, Louis adakhala munthu wowuma kwathunthu. Pambuyo pazaka 7, iye ndi Maria Antoinette adapezeka pabedi limodzi. Okwatirana adabadwa ana anayi: ana amuna awiri ndi ana akazi awiri. Za moyo ndi tsoka la Maria Antoinette adachotsa mafilimu amodzi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mfumukazi ya ku France idaseweredwa ndi Sporrer Socier mu Menrama ya Melodrama ya Woodbort Wooddidge yolimba, yomwe idafalitsidwa pa zowoneka mu 1938.
Movie Morgan, Zhev'ev'eva Kazil ndi Karin Vanss adayesa mokongola komanso woponya antnyaning antroman m'zaka zosiyanasiyana. Mu sewerolo "Maria-Antoinette" Sofi kofica Koppol, yomwe ikubwerayi yomwe idachitika mu 2006, mfumukaziyo idasewera Kirsten Dunst. Pambuyo pazaka 6, Dranch-Sramash-Spain-Spain-Spain, mfumukazi yanga "idatuluka, pomwe Diana Kruger adawoneka m'chithunzi chachikulu.
Osasiyira chidwi cha Maria antoinette ndi olemba. Buku lokhudza mfumukazi lidalembedwa ndi Stefan Cweage. Ngwazi zatchulidwa m'mabuku a Alexander Duma, Alexey Tolstoy, Lyon FeikhHanger ndi Henry Heine.
Mary Antoinette adalemba mawu oti "akakhala alibe buledi, adye makeke!". Koma olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza amati mbiri yakuyambira mawu osokoneza ndi wolemba mawu a mfumukazi ina ya French - Maria Tererea. Maria-Antoinette amakonda kwambiri moyo wapamwamba ndipo adaphonya ndalama zambiri, pomwe adalandira dzina losungiramo madame, koma nthawi yomweyo anali otchuka chifukwa cha osauka komanso osamvera chisoni.
Kudumpha ndi kuphedwa
Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa Louis XVI ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu kupita kumsonkhano, banja lachifumu lidakwera m'ndende. Pakatha miyezi 5, mfumuyo inaphedwa, ndipo Maria Antoinette adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Taml ku nsanja ya Sierger, yomwe ili pachilumba cha Sata pa Seine. Mapulani a akatswiri a Royal Roard kuti ateteze mfumukazi yalephera.
Khotilo pa mfumukazi ya zaka 38 inachitika pakati pa Okutobala 1793. Maria Antoinette adayimbidwa mlandu wosankha zofuna za France. M'mawa kwambiri pa Okutobala 16, chilangocho chinaweruzidwa. Wogwira ntchitoyo adagwa nikesi amaliseche ndikubzala manja ake kumbuyo kwake. Akadaulo a Maria asanaphedwe ndi ulemu wachifumu. Anakwera pakalipo ndikugona mpeni wokhazikitsidwa pamalo ovomerezeka.
Katemera wotchulidwa Maria Antoinette anaponyedwa m'manda onse a Ukwati wa Kingdone zaka 23 zapitazo. Mu 1815, zotsalira za ophedwa zidasamutsidwira ku Saint-Deins Abbey kumpoto kwa Paris. Maliro enieni omwe ali mu tchalitchi sadziwika.
Mwamafashoni
- Wamimba . Maria-Antoinette adamasulira azimayi opapatiza ndi masiketi onse omwe amawerengedwa mavoliyumu ku kukula komwe sikunakwanira. Khodi yoyendetsa bwino idasinthidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kunyalanyaza - zovala zapakhomo kuchokera pa sketi, bodice ndikusintha ma swewshirts. Discires akuphatikizanso kavalidwe ka mfumukazi yoyera, ndikukumbutsa malaya a usiku.
- Chonkha . Kufuna kuoneka achinyamata, mfumukazi inali kubisalira malo, ndikupereka zaka. Manja - pansi pa mbewa, nsalu idayikidwa m'masaya, ndipo khosi lopanda kanthu lidabisidwa kumbuyo kwa chocers - Satbons, mawonekedwe oyimilira ndi miyala.
- Masuti a amuna . Mfumukazi, yomwe idabwera ku Camcole ndi kukhetsa, adayambitsa masuti ndi ma jekete-phraki. Atsikana amaika zipewa za munthu.
- Muli. . Maria-Antoinettette amakweza nsapato zazitali kwambiri kuti amangoletsa kugwa pa nzimbe. Pambuyo pake, nsapatozo zatsala kusinthika ndikusanduka mulu - zokongola kupsinjika chidendene chokhala ndi zala zam'masamba, zosakhazikika.
- Zopatsa mphamvu zambiri . A_wotchi, Ruffle, maboti a maluwa, mauta - panali zipata zambiri pamavalidwe ofooka omwe amayi osatsutsika amawoneka wokoma mtima.
- Kusindikiza Kwapadziko . Mapangidwe a maluwa, maluwa, zokongoletsera - kuyambitsa Maria Antoinette. Anthu ojambula pamavalidwe achikazi anasintha, koma kutsitsidwa kwadziko lapansi kunalowetsa mafashoni kwamuyaya.