Chiphunzitso
Anthu ambiri amawerenga zojambulajambula, kawirikawiri amaganiza za tsoka la wolemba. Ndipo pachabe, chifukwa nthawi zina mbiri ya wolemba, wolemba ndakatulo kapena wotsutsa amatha kupenyerera ndi epic ndi kukongola (kapena kachisi) pantchito yake. Chomveka bwino cha kuvomereza koteroko - taras Grigorievich Shevchenko.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba ndakatulo wamtsogolo adabadwa ndipo wojambula pa February 25, 1814. Zinachitika kuti chochitika ichi m'mudzi wa marintets, chomwe chili m'chigawo cha Kiev.
Makolo a Taras ndi omwe ali ndi khamphoto yosavuta kwa mwana wa mchimwene wa PrimmnKon, Senator Versurhardta. Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko, bambo wa mnyamatayo, nthawi zambiri analibe nyumba chifukwa cha chakuti Chodupov - adatenga Guwark Post Kiev ndi Odessa. Amayi a Taras, Katerina Yakovna Boyko, masiku amagwira ntchito pamunda wa poto. Ndiye chifukwa chake abulurine anachita maphunziro a ndakatulo yamtsogolo.
Mu 1816, Banja la Shevchenko limayenda ku Kiillovka - mudzi, womwe udzatchedwa ulemu wa ndakatuloyo. Ku Kirillovka, ma taras amatha kukhala ndi ubwana wake ndipo amakumana ndi chikondi choyamba oksana Kovalenko.
Mu 1823, chifukwa cha katundu wokwezeka, Katerina Yakimovna amwalira. M'chaka chomwecho, bambo a taras amakwatirana ndi nthawi yachiwiri mwa mayi wamasiye a Oksana Tereshchenko ndipo amasuntha kulowa m'nyumba ya Shevchenko ndi ana atatu. Mamatsenga nthawi yomweyo sanakhulupirire ma taas, chifukwa mnyamatayo amafunafuna chitetezo kwa mlongo wake wamkulu, ndipo atamwalira bambo ake mu 1825 amasankha kusiya nyumbayo.
Kuyambira 1826 mpaka 1829, matais amakwiya ndikudandaula komwe mungathe. Malo oyamba ntchito yayikulu amakhala Sukulu ya Parista ya Deca Paul ruban. Muli mu Shevchenko wake amadziwa maziko a kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Malo otsatira antchito amakhala gulu la DakoV-Ikonime - ali ndi tara amazindikira maziko a kujambula. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yotereyi, Shevchenko imachitika pakamwa pa nkhosa, sonkhanitsani zokolola ndikuthandizira amuna akale omwe ali ndi nkhuni.
Mu 1829 amakonzedwa ngati wantchito ku Land Holwer - Pavel VasalyEvich Engelgardt. Koyamba imagwira ntchito ngati wophika, kenako amakhala wothandizira Sofia grigorievna efigorvna, yemwe amaphunzitsa timapepala a French. Mu nthawi yake yaulere, mnyamatayo akupitiliza kujambula.
Sofia nthawi yomweyo Engelhardt adawona zojambulazo ndipo nthawi yomweyo adawonetsa mwamuna wake. Anayamikira talente ya mnyamatayo, omwe akufanizira kuti atha kukhala ndi zowawa zabwino kwa iye ndikutumiza tarasi ku Vilen University. Mlangizi wa mnyamatayo wakhala chithunzi chotchuka cha Yang Rustem.
Patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka, Engelgardt amatumiza Shevchenko kupita ku St. Petersburg - kukulitsa mokulira ndi maphunziro ochokera kwa ambuye. Mu 1831, pansi pa utsogoleri wa vasirhueva taras amatenga nawo mbali pakupaka kwa bolphoi zisudzo.
Patatha zaka zisanu, m'munda wa chilimwe pali chizindikiro cha Shevchenko. Chochitika - Odziwana ndi Naralman Sheshenko, omwe amachotsa ndakatulo ku Burl Vheslyky, Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Akuluakulu a Acainium of Arts Arsicarich. Amamumvera chisoni ndi mnyamatayo ndipo amazindikira luso Lake laluso, kotero aliyense akuyesera kuti athetse vutoli ndi chiwombolo cha Tarards ochokera ku Eralhardt.
Koma mwininyumba safuna kungochotsa Shevchenko, chifukwa wapereka kale gulu la Guineayo. Kukambirana kumachedwetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kumayamba kale kuwoneka kuti dipo silingathe, koma pamutu pa Sushenko amabwera lingaliro labwino. Chinsinsi cha lingaliro ndikukonzekera lottery pomwe chithunzi cha zhukovsky chidzaseweredwa, cholembedwa ndi Bryulul. Wopambana amakhala ndi chithunzi, ndipo ndalama zonse za ndalama zipita ku chiwombolo cha Shevchenko.
Lonjezoyi idachitikira ku Anichkov kunyumba yachifumu. Kukonza mwambowu kunathandizira kuwerengera Mikhail Velgur. Kufuna kupambana chithunzicho chinali ndi zambiri, zonse zidasinthidwa ma ruble 2500. Ndalama zonsezi zidasamutsidwira ku Emelhardt pa Epulo 22, 1838. Shevchenko sanalinso serf. Chisankho choyamba chimalandiridwa ku sukulu ya aluso.
"Ndimakhala ndi moyo, sindimachita chilichonse ndipo sindimawopa aliyense, kupatula Mulungu, koma chisangalalo chachikulu kukhala munthu waulere:" Palibe amene angakulewe, "Shevchenko alemba nthawi zake m'mabuku ake.Malembo
Nthawi kuyambira nthawi yovomerezeka ku Acainium Arpries of Arts ndipo kumangidwa mu 1847 ndiko kugwirira ntchito mu 1847 ndiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa Shevchenko pulani yolemba. Mu 1840, kuphatikizika kwachipembedzo kwa ndakatulo yake "kobzar", komwe, nthawi yonse ya ndakatuloyo, sikukujambulidwa. Mu 1842, mataas amafalitsa ndakatulo yake yakale komanso yamisala "Gaidamaki."
Chaka chamawa Shevchenko aganiza zopita paulendo kudutsa ku Ukraine kuti awone zakale kuti adziwe zakale ndi kupeza zouziridwa ndi zatsopano. Maofesi ake a nthawi imeneyo amakhala Anna Zakrevskaya ndi Varvara Repnin-Volkoloya - woyamba anali mkazi wa eni malo, ndipo wachiwiri anali Kalonga. Pambuyo pa ulendowu, a Shevchen adalemba ndakatulo "popula" ndi ndakatulo "Katerina" ndi "Yeretik".
Kunyumba, ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo zidakumana kwambiri, koma zoyeserera za ku Metropolita zinali zosiyana ndi - adadzudzula ndakatulo Shevchenko kuti akusaphwero (ntchito zonse zidalembedwa ku Ukraine).
Mu 1845, amasiyiranso ku Ukraine kuti akagwire ntchito ku pereyaslav (tsopano pereyaslav-khmelnitsky) pa adotolo wakale wa Andrei Kozachekovsky. Mwa chidziwitso chosagwirizana, wolemba ndakatulo adapita ku kukonza thanzi lake. Pokomera fanizo ili, "Chipangano" cha Shefinko cholembedwa chalembedwa chaka chimenecho. M'chaka chomwecho, ndakatulo zake "Motnitz" ndi "Caucasus" inatuluka.
Pambuyo pa kozachekovsky, ma taras amakonzedwa ndi wojambula wa okalamba okalamba, am'njani ku Pereyaslavl. Ntchito Yake Yaikulu nthawi imeneyo - Kupanga zipilala za mzindawu (pokrovsky Cathedral, miyala yamiyala ya St. Boris ndi zina).
Mu 1846, wolemba ndakatulo amapita ku Kiev, komwe anaimba mlandu wina wa nthawi yayitali - wolemba mbiri komanso wolemba mabuku ku Nikolai Kostomarov. Kostomarov adzalemba Shevchenko kupita ku Kirillo - Methodiusyamchentchemu. Wolemba ndakatulo sazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti ukukopeka ndi gulu lachinsinsi landale. Kudziwitsa kumabwera pakumangidwa kwa omwe ali nawo amayamba.
Kuti mutsimikizire chinsinsi cha ma taras kwa kachilomboka, koma misala ya nthambi yachitatu ya Ukulu Wake Alexei Orlov, momwe amaonera kuwongolera boma ndikuyitanitsa kupanduka. Monga chilango pa Meyi 30, 1847, wolemba ndakatuloyo amatumizidwa ku Oreleburg Onelburg Womanga ku Oreleburg kuti akwaniritse ntchito yolemba ntchito. Shevchenko amaletsedwanso kuti alembe ndikujambula, zomwe zimayamba kuwononga Shevchenko.
Wolemba Zhukovsky, kuwerengera Alexey Tolstoy Tolstoy ndi Princess Vavara Rednina-Volkoloya akuyesera kuthandiza ma taras. Chokhacho chomwe amakwanitsa kukwaniritsa ndicho chilolezo cha ma taras kuti alembe makalata. M'kalata, kozacchkovsky Shevchenko adatumiza vesi "Lyaka" ("mikanda"), adalemba za anthu omwe amatumikirana naye ku Poland.
Bweretsani ku zochitika zaluso, ngakhale kwakanthawi, ndizotheka panthawi yopita kunyanja ya aral (1848-1849). General Vladimir Afanasyevich obruchev amalola kuti zijambule za Shevchenko zojambula za aral (chifukwa cha lipoti lokhalapo). Koma wina amaphunzira za izi ndi kuuza utsogoleri. Zotsatira zake, wamkuluyo amalandira chidzudzulo chachikulu, ndipo Shevchenko amatumizidwa kumalo atsopano, omwe madandaulo a asitikali ankhondo akukhala (tsopano mzinda wa Fort Shevchenko ku Kazakhstan).
Palinso chojambula choletsedwa, kotero ma tara amayesa kupukutira kuchokera ku dongo ndikujambula zithunzi za chithunzi (Diagerotypes). Ndi dongo silinakwaniritse, ndipo kujambula nthawi imeneyo kunali kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Shevchenko amayambanso kulemba, koma nthawi iyi ikugwira ntchito ku Russia - "ojambula", "Gemini" ndi ena. Kupatula ndi mawu oti "Khokhli" (1851).
Mu 1857, pambuyo pempho lotsatira la kuwerengetsa Fyodar Petrovich, wolemba ndakatulo wa Tolstoy adatulutsidwa ku chifuniro - Emperor Alexander II Ile, bambo ake adasankhidwa ndi bambo ake Nikolai I.
Moyo Wanu
Kutuluka Ufulu, Shevnko amaganiza zopanga banja. Kuyesa koyamba kukwatiwa ndi malingaliro, omwe polemba ndakatulo adapereka Katherine Piunova. Izi zisanachitike, wolemba ndakatulo adalimbikitsa wachinyamata wachinyamatayu ndikuyembekeza kuti angavomereze, koma ndinali kulakwitsa. Za kuyesera kwachiwiri sikudziwika, kupatula kuti msungwanayo adatchedwa Harota ndipo anali atalimbikitsidwa.
Mkwatibwi wachitatu wachitatu adalimbikitsidwanso. Dzinali linali Lucker Polidakov. Wolemba ndakatulo wapereka ndalama zambiri m'maphunziro ake, amajambula mtsikanayo nyumba, kugula zakudya, zovala ndi mabuku. Taras amafuna kumugulira kutali ndi mwininyumba, koma adakana lingaliro ili atamupeza mchipinda chogona ndi aphunzitsi. Ambiri a Taras Shevchenko sanaganizire za ukwatiwo, m'malo mwake, adagundanso ntchitoyo, zotsatira zake zidakhala "kalata ya Kumwera kwa Russia" - yoyamba mwa mabookbooks adakonzekera iye.
Kubwerera ku Moyo wa Wolemba ndakatuloyo, ndikoyeneranso kutchulanso nkhani zake zoyambirira. Chikondi choyamba cha ndakatuloyo ndi msungwana wochokera kumudzi wa Kirillovka Oksana Oksoni Kovalenko. M'magulu a ndakatulo anali anna Zagrevskaya (idadzipereka kwa iye "ngati titakumananso") ndi Varvara Repnina-Valkonskaya.
M'zaka zantchito ku Novopetrovsk Kulimbitsa, Shevchenko adakumana ndi Agata USkovooova, yemwe anali woyang'anira wamba. Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi ndakatulo zina, koma palibe chitsimikiziro chodalirika.
Imfa
Wolemba ndakatuloyo anamwalira ku St. Petersburg, komwe anali kuyikidwa kwambiri. Zinachitika mu 1861, tsiku lobadwa tsiku lobadwa la Taras Grigorievich. Choyambitsa imfa - Ascites (m'mimba kuthirira). Amakhulupirira kuti cholakwa cha matendawa chinali chakumwa zoledzeretsa kwambiri, komwe wolemba ndakatulo adayamba kuchita zambiri. Ndikunena kuti ndi amene adakonza kalabu ya "Njira ya Uroye", mamembala ake anayamba kukambirana za moyo, ndipo kumapeto kwa Rulky anasankha "zakale".
Malo oyamba kuyikidwa ndi ndakatulo anali manda a Ortonsk Orthodox, koma pambuyo pake adalandidwa pachisoni cha buluu, malinga ndi Chipangano Chatsopano. Pokumbukira wolemba ndakatulo ambiri, misewu yambiri idasinthidwanso, msewu wokhala ndi dzina lake ndi chipilala kwa wolemba ndakatuloyo ali komweko ku Ukraine. Dzina lake ndiwomwe ngakhale rater yaying'ono pa mercury.
M'bali
- 1838 - "Katerina"
- 1839 - "Ku Choyambirira"
- 1840 - "Kobzar"
- 1842 - "Gaidamaki"
- 1845 - "Duma"
- 1845 - "Chipangano"
- 1845 - "Motnitz"
- 1847 - "lyak"
- 1851 - "Khokhli"
- 1855 - "Gemini"
- 1856 - "Wojambula"
- 1860 - "South Russian"