Chiphunzitso
Mu cinema pali mawu oti "wochita nawo ntchito imodzi" - wotchedwa okonda kuti kutchuka kwawo kumangokhala ndi gawo limodzi. Mwachitsanzo - Makoloi Kalkin kuchokera ku "nyumba imodzi" ndi "nyumba imodzi - 2". M'mabuku mulibe mawu ngati amenewa, koma mutha kukhala ofanana - kutchuka kwa olemba ena kumakhazikitsidwa pa ntchito imodzi ("kuwuluka pa cuckoo's cazi) kapena ngwazi imodzi (sherlock arlur Conan Dony). Pakati pa "olemba buku limodzi" omwe angachitike kwa waku America Harper.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba zamtsogolo adabadwa pa Epulo 26, 1926. Zinachitika ku Monrovail, tawuni yaying'ono ya Alabama. Nill Harper Lee (izi zikumveka dzina lonse la wolemba) - wocheperako kwa ana anayi a Amaha Kolmann ndi Cunningham Finch Lee Lee.
Malinga ndi zifanizo za mlongo wachikulire wa Alill Alice, omwe wolemba anali kuyanjana mpaka imfa, Harper anakula pamwamba kwambiri, komanso abale ndi alongo achikulire. Kenako mtsikanayo anacheza ndi mnzake komanso mnzake wa kusukulu, yemwe pambuyo pake anakhala wolemba ndi ulemerero wadziko lapansi - ndalama.
Mu 1931, mwambowo womwe dziko lonse lidalankhulidwa ndi momwe anyamatawa aonera ku Scottsboro. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, anyamata asanu ndi anayi akuda ochokera ku Scottsboro (Alabama) adalemba atsikana awiri oyera. Ngakhale lisanayesedwe, anthu okwiya anali atasokonezeka anyamata awa. Anthu sanathetse chifukwa chamachinduke, monga momwe atsikana sanagwiritsidwe.
Zotsatira zake, oweruzawo, monga azungu okha, mzaka zinayi adalengeza chigamulochi monga mwa chilango chowopsa kwambiri mkhalidwe - chilango chophedwa. Harper wamng'ono adakumbukira izi tikuthokoza abambo ake, omwe panthawiyo adagwira ntchito ngati loya ndipo adachita chidwi ndi bizinesi iyi. Pambuyo pake, wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito zokumbukira zake polemba buku la Descat.
Nditamaliza maphunziro kusukulu mu 1944, Harper amalowa ku koleji ya akazi, yomwe ili ku Huntingdon. Ndinaphunzira ku koleji, mtsikanayo amapereka zolemba ku Yunivesite ya Alabama kuti ndikaphunzire ku Yudani zaka zinayi zotsatira. Ntchitoyi idasankhidwa ndi bambo wamkazi wamkazi yemwe nthawi imeneyo anali mtumiki wotchuka waboma.
Mu 1945, pa pulogalamu yosinthana kwa ophunzira, kwa chaka chimodzi, yunivesiteyo inagwera mu yunivesite ya Oxford, koma osapita ku yunivesite, mtsikanayo amaponya malo okhazikika ku New York, komwe iye akufuna kukhala wolemba.
Ntchito zoyambirira za Harper alembanso ku Yunivesite ya Alabama, m'chipinda cha hostel cha wophunzira "Heeomega". Ntchitozi ndi nkhani zazing'ono ndi nkhani zazing'ono, zomwe mtsikanayo amadzaza dzanja lake. Mwa njira, munthawi yomweyo - kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1949 - Harper Lee amagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi wa mtolao woseketsa.
Kukhala ndi china chake ndikulipira nyumba yochotsa, msungwanayo amakonzekera kugwira ntchito yoyamba ku Airlines a East Airlines, ndipo "ku Britain Earway Armuy Corporation". Mu ndege zonse ziwiri, mtsikanayo amagwira ntchito tikiti yogulitsa matikiti. Izi zikuchitika mpaka kumapeto kwa 1950s.
Malembo
Pambuyo pa khama kufalitsa nkhani zake, zimalemba ntchito yoyamba kulemba mu 1956. Pamapeto pa chaka chomwecho, abwenzi ake akale Michael ndi chisangalalo chokongola amapereka mphatso yofunika kwambiri m'miyoyo ya wolemba - adalipira tchuthi chachaka.
"Mudzakhala ndi chaka cholemba chilichonse chomwe mukufuna," amalemba pabwalo.Pa nthawi iyi, mtsikanayo ali ndi nthawi yolemba nkhani zingapo zolumikizidwa ndi ngwazi imodzi. Nkhanizi, iye amasankha kufotokozera nyumba yosindikiza "lippicott, Williams ndi Vilkyins". Mkonzi wa Tei Holfoff Wosakwiya amayankha ntchito ya mtsikanayo, koma akuvomereza mwamphamvu kuti nkhani zonsezi mu buku limodzi.
Zotsatira zake, m'chilimwe cha 1960, "kuphana" kumapita ku kuunika - buku lomwe limapambana kutchuka ndi kukonda kwa owerenga padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale otsutsa adazindikira kuti bukuli ndilabwino. Kwa buku la buku logulitsa bwino kwambiri, wolemba wazaka makumi atatu amalandira mphotho ya pulkitzer mu osankhidwa "zojambula zabwino kwambiri pachaka".
Mu 1962, kuwunika kwa bukuli, kuwomberedwa ndi wotsogolera Robert mantaligan ("Katenur Grounion", "Nthawi yomweyo akutsogolera", "Nthawi yomweyo chaka chopita pansi," "Munthu Mwezi"). Kanemayo amasankhidwa ku Oscar ndikupeza. Komanso apeza Kinonagrada - "Golide Wagolide". Pa kujambula, Harper adakwanitsa kugwedezeka ndi ochita masewera onse ndi gulu la filimuyi, koma adachita ubale wolimba kwambiri ndi Pec Gregory, yemwe amapereka ulonda wa Atate wake ngati mphotho ya omwe ali ndi mwayi.
Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa bukuli, wolemba, limodzi ndi bwenzi lake laubwana, Truman Hood amapita ku Holkomb (Kansas) kukatenga nkhani za mlimiyo ndi banja lake. Mu 1966, pamaziko a zinthuzi, hood imasindikiza imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri - "kuphedwa kwa Edgar Alan polemba", komanso mapangidwe angapo a zenera. Harper amatembenukira ku zinthu zina.
Pa moyo wonse wa Lee analemba nkhani ndi nkhani, koma nthawi zina amatengedwa kuti mitundu ikuluikulu. Kuyesera kodziwika kwambiri kuti alembe buku latsopano kumawerengedwa kuti akusiyidwa ndi wakupha chifukwa cha dziko lawo. Ntchitoyi sinakonde wolemba, ndipo adaganiza zomuchotsa, monga momwe amachitira ndi ntchito zina ziwiri, zomwe zimadziwika.
Mu 1966, Purezidenti Lindon Johnson amasankha ku National Art Council. Mu 1983, Harper amafalitsa Essa "Roman ndi Wapaulendo", pomwe mbiri ya Alabaa ndi Chikondwerero cha Alabama. Nthawi yomweyo, kaya asankha kubwerera ku mzinda wa Monrovill. Mu 1999, laibulale ya ku US It Jourch imati bukulo "lipheni mawu" m'zaka zabwino kwambiri ku America.
Mu 2005, ku Los Angeles, Harper amalandila mphatso yaibulale ya mzindawo kuti akwaniritse mabuku. Chaka chamawa, Lee amalandira digiri yolemekezeka ya Yunivesite ya Nortam. M'chaka chomwecho, wolembayo amapereka chimodzi mwazofunsa mafunso ake osowa mu mawonekedwe a kalata yotsogola ya Ophera Winfrey.
"Tsopano, atatha anthu 75, akukhala m'gulu lotetezeka, pomwe sekondi iliyonse imakhala ndi laputopu, foni yam'manja, ndimakondabe m'matumbo," analemba.Mu 2007, wolemba amalandila m'manja mwa Purezidenti wapano George chitsamba, nyumba yapamwamba kwambiri ya dzikolo - meseji ya Purezidenti ya ufulu. Patatha miyezi itatu, kulekerera sitiroko. Chifukwa cha izi, Harper amayenera kusamukira ku nyumba yosungirako okalamba kuti aziyang'aniridwa ndi antchito ake.
Mu 2014, Elis amwalira - mlongo wamkulu wa wolemba. Harper amayenda kuvutika maganizo. Zinthuzo zikusintha pang'ono pamene Hava Yopanda Roma "Pita, ikani zosemphana", zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pa nkhani zomwe zidabweretsa mnyumba yosindikiza mu 1957, idapezeka muzotetezedwa. Mwamwayi, ntchitoyi ndi kupitirira kwa "kupha mtanda", koma kwenikweni zidalembedwa kale. Harper nayenso adatsimikiza kuti zolemba pamanja zidatayika.
Wolemba watsopano a Andrew Nureberg ndi wovomerezeka wachilendo wovomerezeka, loya wabodza, anathandiza bukulo kuti lifike kwa wofalitsa. Wolemba yekhayo sanayankhe pa mawonekedwe a "Pitani, sakani alonda" pamasheya ogulitsa mabuku. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti bukuli ndi zabodza ndipo, zoona, sizinalembedwe. Buku "limapha kupotazo" linafika ku maphunziro a ana asukulu ambiri (kuphatikiza Russia), ndipo mawu a ntchitoyo adapita kwa anthu.
Moyo Wanu
Kwa zaka pafupifupi 90, wolemba sanakwatire. Ana enanso sanatero.
Panali mphekesera za chidwi chake ndi wolemba iron Hood ndi Seweroli, koma amuna onsewa adatsutsana kuti malingaliro achikondi okha ndi omwe amacheza ndi Harper.
Imfa
Wolemba adamwalira mu 2016 usiku kuyambira 18 mpaka pa February 19. Zinachitika m'maloto - ndizosavuta komanso zopanda vuto.M'bali
- 1960 - "Pha Starbar"
- 1961 - "Kukonda Mwanjira Zina"
- 1961 - "Khrisimasi"
- 1965 - "Ana Akaphunzira Ku America"
- 1983 - "Roman ndi Wapaulendo"
- 2006 - Tsegulani kalata ya Operan Confrey
- 2015 - "Pitani, ikani alonda"