Mbiri Yodziwika
Mfumu ya Lire muukalamba idasiyidwa pamsewu - palibe kama, mphamvu ndi chithandizo cha ana aakazi. Mkulu wa tsitsi la imvi adalipira ulemu wake, khungu ndi kufooka kwakanthawi. Pokhapokha pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, ngwaziyo idayamba kulekanitsa mphesa kuchokera ku hule, kuthana, komwe kuli kosangalatsa, ndipo komwe kudakhala ndi mtima wonse. William Shakespeare adatulutsa tanthauzo pavutoli - mothandizidwa ndi chiwembuchi cha nthano yakale, zosewerera zomwe zidawonetsa nkhope yeniyeni ya anthu a nthawi.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Ntchito ya William Shakespeare imakhazikitsidwa ndi ziwembu zobwereketsa - osewera achingerezi sanazengereze kutenga malingaliro kuchokera kwa ntchito zomwe zapezeka kale komanso nthano zatsopano komanso zokhala ndi luso lokonda luso. Chifukwa chake tsoka la "King Lire" lili ndi mbiri yakale, ndipo mawonekedwe akuluyo ndi prototype.
Lybe adakhala prototype, wolamulira wa ku Britain, yemwe amakhala ku chimodzi mwa zaka 10 ndi 9 za BC. Mfumu yake idabweretsa ana ake aakazi kwa Syslius, Ragan ndi Ndedi, omwe adaganiza zopereka boma mu ukalamba. Mkhalidwe adagawanika pakati pa olowa nawo awiri, koma pambuyo pake anali wodetsedwa - azimayi, azimayi ogwirizana, adayamba kuchepetsa gulu la abambo.
Mantha ndi imfa yaimfa m'manja mwa abale, Leir anathamangira kwa mwana wamkazi wa Corlia, wolowayonse kwa Atate wokondedwa ndi mtima wonse. Kuphatikiza Mphamvu, mfumu ndi mwana wake wamkazi anakambana ndi mpandowachifumu kupita ku Ryris ndi Roagan. Wolamulira adagwiranso mphamvu zaka zina zitatu, kenako ndikukhazikitsa boma la Starlia.
Nthano ya Chingerezi idapanga ndalama zake pazolemba za mbiri ya Glfried Monmontsky m'mbiri ya Brittle. Kuwerenga mbiri ya ntchito ya ntchitoyi, ofufuzawo adapezanso ntchito ya Shakespeare ndi "Mbiri" ya Ersin (Ler (Lilir) mu zojambulajambula za ku Ireland.
Wolemba ndakatulo wachingelezi komanso wosewererayo amakapereka kwa nthawi yaimasiku, koma chaka choyambirira, ntchito ya "mbiri yoona ya King Lira" adalemba, zomwe sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Biography ndi chiwembu
Nkhaniyi idachitika ku Britain m'zaka za XI. Ma Aur, akumva kuti imfa ili pafupi, yopezeka kuti ikusintha mphamvu yamapewa pamapewa a Heiress. Komabe, ana ake aakazi amakakamizidwa kuti ayang'anire "chikondi".
Akuluakulu a Greece ndi Ragan adanyamula mawu okosya mtima kuti amve kunyada kwa Atate. Mwana wamkazi woyamba amavomereza kuti Lyra amakonda njira ya munthu wina amene amamukonda makolo ake. Mwana wamkazi wamba samadziwa chisangalalo chochuluka kuposa momwe Mfumu. Ndipo wam'ng'ono kwambiri, msungwana wamkazi wofatsa yemwe sadziwa momwe angasonyezere anthu mwa anthu, akuti:
"Ndimakukondani momwe ngongole imakufotokozerani,Palibenso pang'ono. "
Lire wakwiya ndi kugwedezeka kwa mzimu wa Corlia, yemwe amangolemekeza Atate chifukwa chokula. Pofika chilengedwe, mfumu ya pechesi, mfumu ya zachisoni, yomwe mfumu ya chisoniyo imagawika ufumu pakati pa alongo aja, osadzisiya yekha anthu zana, osadzisiya anthu zana limodzi ndi mwayi wokhala m'mwezi wina aliyense.
Cordlia adabadwa yekha komanso mwachindunji. Kuimba wolamulira akuyesera kuwerengera zinthu komanso za chinthu choyenera komanso chotsimikizira kuti "kugunda komwe sikuli kopanda pake. Kuphatikiza apo, Kent amagweranso osachira mfumuyo ndikuchoka ku Britain.
Cordelia wosauka, yemwe adalandira udindo wa osakhazikika, amakhalabe opanda mkwati - phokoso la burkedy. Zinadabwitsidwa zomwe zikuchitika mu Ufumu wa Chingerezi, mtsikanayo amatenga wolamulira wa France.
Pa seweroli, Shakespeare anadziwitsa ochita zina - mtumiki wokhulupirika wa mfumu ya Groph of Sloumte ndi ana ake. Bastard Edmundi amatulutsa mwana wovomerezeka wa Edgar, chifukwa cha zomwe zikuyenera kuthawa. M'tsogolomu, ngwazi izi zidagwira ntchito yofunika pantchitoyo.
Mfumu ya Lir inasamukira ku zochitika, ndipo momwemonso ali kale ndi mwana wamkazi woyamba kubadwa. Koma abambo anga anali achimwemwe kwambiri - Rulyell akuyesera kuyika iye wolamulira wakale m'malo ndikuwonetsa yemwe tsopano ali mwini pano. Komanso zimafuna kuchotsa gawo la suite. Limbilo lokhumudwitsa lili pachiyembekezo cha kusakhulupirika kumapita ku kosewerera, koma kenako pali zokhumudwitsa.
Mwana wamkazi wachiwiri wa otumiza a Atate kukankhira kwa mlongoyo. Mapeto ake, lire ikakhala pamsewu kuseri kwa cholinga cha nyumbayo. Wokhulupirika yekhayo anali Jeresi. Apa ndipamene mfumu ikugonjetsedwa ndi momwe amamuchitira molakwika ndi wolowa wachichepere.
Mosachedwa ku ukapolo umatumizidwa ku Steppe, komwe Kent, Gloucester ndi Edgar amalumikizidwa naye. Othawa amapereka kusaka kwa mfumukazi ndi Edmund. Pa zoopsa za kwawo, Congwelilia taphunzira, mwachangu amatola ankhondo ndikumenya nkhondo kwa alongowo, amatenga pamodzi ndi Atate wake kuwatsogolera.
Shakespeare adakhalabe mu mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomaliza ndizowopsa. Corneya adasocheretsedwa, Ramona adapha mlongo wake yemwe, adachitidwa ndi kudzipha, ndipo lire wamwalira, popanda kubweretsa chisoni chifukwa cha mwana wamkazi wam'ng'ono. Gloliceter ndi Eddend nayenso anamwalira. Kent komabe sasamala kuti afe, koma kuwerengera Albania amamuganizira kuchokera panjira iyi ndikuchoka mu ntchito yake.
Chithunzi ndi malingaliro a kunyumba
Kudzera mu Trism ya zovuta, zomwe zidachitika kwa ogulitsa, wolemba adayesa kuwonetsa tanthauzo la sing'anga momwe aliyense amafunira kuti awononge pafupi. Chifukwa chake, Shakespeare amagwiritsa ntchito zifanizo za nyama zodyera, zomwe zimawoneka posanthula fanizo ndi aphorisms, - chinjoka chowopsa "," njoka zabwino ". Ndikuwonetsa kuti izi sizokhudza tsoka limodzi, wolemba Chingerezi adayambitsa mbiri ya moyo wachangu.
Chithunzi cha Mfumu Lira Lira likusintha mothandizidwa ndi tsoka lomwe kunali kofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Choyamba, pusigagoni ndi mawonekedwe odzikuza, omwe amadzitenga Yekha Mbuye wa miyoyo ndi miyoyo. Kuti zingakhale zofunika kwambiri kuposa zakukhosi zenizeni. Asanawerengere ndi wowonera - munthu wakhungu yemwe sakudziwa moyo kapena ana ake aakazi. Kusanduka kwa okondedwawo kumakhala phunziro lamuyaya kwa andale onse.
Kuyenda motsatana, Lire adaganizira za kusiyana pakati pa anthu, kwenikweni, ayi. Mkuluyo, pokhala m'nyumba ya Edgar, akuti:
"Munthu wosadziwika ndipo pali nyama yosauka, yamaliseche, yolumira, ndi china chilichonse ... Tonse tili ndi zabodza."Lir akumvetsa tanthauzo la kutaya chilichonse, mpaka padenga loyambira pamwamba pamutu, ndikupeza malizani:
"Muyenera kudziperekaMzimu, osati chala. "
Dzulo mwachikondi mu mphamvu yake yokha, mfumu ikudziwa chikondi chenicheni cha mwana wamkazi ndi kubwereza. Wokhoza kuchitiridwa chifundo, arnia amatha kuchotsa mdima m'dziko lapansi, komwe anthu ali ofunitsitsa kuwonongana kuti athe kuwononga mphamvu ndi chuma, napandukira iwo amene adabereka.
Wosewera wachingelezi sapereka mayankho opangidwa ndi omwe akuyenera. Wowerenga aliyense ayenera kufunafuna chowonadi pawokha.
Kukhazikitsa ndi kuwunika
Choyimira choyambirira cha seweroli "mfumu lire" idachitika mu 1606, ndipo pambuyo pake, zingwe zopanga madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi adatsatira. Ku Russia, tsoka linapangitsa kuti abadwe mu 1807 - ananyozedwa mfumu ya Chingerezi ndikumvera chisoni ndi kuwala kwa St. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, ochita masewerawa Sammoilov, Pavel Mochalov, Yuri yuriev ndi ena adamasulidwa. Mu Soviet Union, chithunzi cha mfumu adakumana ndi Ilorsov Pevtsov, Mowal Sofrorov, Nikolai Mordvinov, Konstantin raykin. Mu gawo lamakono la Leo Dodina, lomwe lidayamba mu 2006, Lira lidasewera Peter Semak.
"King Liru" anali mwayi ku cinema - mu nkhumba ya nkhumba ya ntchito ya mafilimu khumi. Chithunzi cha Soviet of Grigory Kozursesev, woperekedwa ndi wowonera mu 1970, amadziwika kuti ndi omasulidwa bwino. Chingwe cha Palm chisumbu choyenera kuti chizikhala cholondola cha kusuntha kwa shakespeare ntchito. Udindo waukulu unaperekedwa kwa sewero la zisudzo ndi sinema ya loya. Ngakhale munthu m'modzi amakonda kudziwa. Udindo wa ngwazi uwu umakulitsidwa, ndipo kusankha kowoneka bwino kwa wochitapoyo adagwiranso ntchito yopambana filimuyi - chithunzi cha mtumiki wodzipereka wa mfumuyo chinali chambiri oleg dahl.
Pempho loyesani mkanjo wa wolamulira mwankhanza adalandira al pacino. Ndipo pakugwa kwa chaka cha 2017, kuwombera kwa mndandanda wokhudzana ndi kusewera kwa Shakespeare ku BBC Deadayambin, komwe Anthony Hikins amachotsedwa.
Zosangalatsa
- Olemba otchuka adalemba owonjezera angapo pa ngozi ya Shakespeare. M'modzi mwa otchuka anali kusinthika kwa Aribert Riman "Lir", komwe kumachitika mu 1978 ku Munich Natich Theatre Theatre. Phwando lalikulu lidachitika ndi Disrich Fisher Diau.
- Mapeto ake amabwera kwambiri chifukwa chosewerera choyambirira sichinali pazithunzi zaka 150 za maofesi.
- Musanachotse filimuyi, Grigory Kozintsev ikani "Lira" ku AItata kubwerera mu 1941. Kenako, pa maphunziro a Dramalmic Church, Othello ndi Hamlet adaseweredwa motsogozedwa ndi woyang'anira waluso uyu. Mwa njira, omaliza ndi mawu abwino kwambiri a shakespeare za Prince Danish Danish.
- "Mfumu Lire ya Soviet" idadziwika za Phwadasi ku Phiriya Fayilo ya London ya mafilimu abwino kwambiri, ndipo mu 1972, Kozintsev idalandira "chifanizo cha mapiko".
- Kanemayo adachotsedwa pafupi ndi mzinda wa Narva (Estonia). Kuderalo kwa opanga adasankhidwa chifukwa cha nyumba yakale ya Ivangarod, yomwe idasandulika nyumba yachifumu ya ana achifumu a ana a Britain.
- Estoniya wonyansa, amene amayankhula monyinyirika ku Russia, yemwe anali ndi zinovy gerdy.
Mawu ndi ma aphorisms
"Kugula Maso a GalasiNdi kudziyerekeza ngati wandale wa rascal,
Zomwe mukuwona zomwe simukuziwona "." O, zonama zotere zimalola! Ngati makoswe
Amadzaza pakati
Magazi oyera amanga
Zolakalaka za Ambuye, tsanulirani mafuta mumoto wawo
Ndi kuwaza miyoyo yawo yamiyala. "" M'miyala, yokhala ndi mutu wosavomerezeka
Ndi m'mimba kwambiri? Monga ndimaganizira zochepa
Za izi zisanachitike! Nayi phunzilo. "" Kodi ndinali wakhungu bwanji! Oh lir, kugogoda
Pakhomo pomwe mudamasulidwa
Ndipo zopusa zinayamba. "