Chiphunzitso
Mikhail Kalashnikov - Wopanga Soviet ndi Russia, Mlengi wa makina a Kalashnikov, omwe amadziwa bwino okhala padziko lonse lapansi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mikail Timofeeeevich Kalashnikov adabadwa pa Novembara 10, 1919. Maya Mikhal TimofEeevich Kalashnikov ndiye mudzi wa madera a Makrui. Wopanga adachitika banja lalikulu, pomwe ana 19 adabadwa, koma anthu 8 okha ndi omwe adapulumuka, kuphatikiza Mikhail TimofEevich. Makolo a Kalashnikov anali anyamata.
Timofy Alexandrovich mu 1930 adadziwika kuti ndi nkhonya, motero banjali linatumizidwa kumudzi wa am'munsi a Mongovaya Tomsk. Ali mwana, wopanga wachichepere adawonetsa chidwi pamalingaliro aukadaulo, adaphunzira mfundo za ntchito zamachitidwe. M'zaka za sukulu, Kalashnikov adawonetsa chidziwitso cha geometry, komanso amapatsanso mabuku.
Nditangomaliza maphunziro, a Mikail timofEevich ataganiza zobwerera ku Altai, koma sindinapeze ntchito m'derali, motero ndinabwereranso ku banja. Chifukwa cha banja lankhondo, sipakanalandira pasipoti kwa nthawi yayitali kalashnikov, koma kenako ananyamula chisindikizo cha woyang'anira dera lakwawolo mu Chikalatachi ndi chikalatacho chinali m'manja.
Mikail kachiwiri kubwerera ku Altai. Pakadali pano, pali wina womudziwa bwino ndi chipangizo cha zida. Mnyamatayo anali wokhoza kuwononga mfuti yofiirira. Kalashnikov atakwanitsa zaka 18, Wopanga Wopanga amapita ku Kazakhstan. Mnyamatayo adalemba ntchito ku Depot ya Station Matay Turkestan - njanji ya ku Siberia. Mikhail sanangolumikizane ndi malo okhala ndi machinititi, komanso adapeza chidziwitso cha njira yomwe idasilira kuyambira pachibwenzi kuyambira ndili mwana.
Mu 1938, a Tikhail Timoteeevich adapita kukatumikira kunkhondo yofiyira. Ntchitoyi idachitika m'chigawo cha gulu lankhondo la Kiev. Pambuyo patapita nthawi, kalashnikov adakhala woyendetsa tanki, pomwe wopanga adasamutsidwa ku gawo la anthu 12. Pa ntchito yankhondo yankhondo yofiyira, Mikhail adapanga zowombera zakuthwa kuchokera ku mfuti. Komanso, pakati pa wachinyamata, zida zinalipo kuti zikulitse kugwira ntchito kwa kuwombera kwa bomba la TT, matope moto.
Mu 1942, chipangizochi chidatumizidwa kuti chipangidwe. Tsoka ilo, zochitika zankhondo zidalepheretsa kukhazikitsa polojekiti. Za zida izi za Kalashnikov adanenedwa mwalamulo ndi wamkulu wa gulu la Kiev chapadera, gulu lankhondo, Georgy Zhukov.
Pambuyo pokambirana, a Mikhail Timofhech amatumizidwa ku sukulu ya Kiev tank, komwe amapangira prototypes ndikuchita kafukufuku. Pambuyo pake, Kalashnikov amapita ku Moscow, komwe kukupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pazida. Kale chomera cha Leningrad. Voroshilova mikhal ndi ambuye adasinthidwa.
Wopanga wamkulu
Pankhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko ladali adavulala kwambiri, motero kwa milungu ingapo adalandiridwa kuchipatala, ndipo munthu atatumizidwa kutchuthi. Nthawi ino, kaziil timofEeich, odzipereka ku chilengedwe cha mfuti yamakina.Pambuyo pa zitsanzo zake zomwe adafuna zomwe akufuna, Kalashnikov adamtumiza ku mpikisano. Kusilira Katswiri sanakumanepo, chifukwa, malinga ndi akatswiri, zida ndizokwera mtengo komanso zovuta. Poyerekeza, PPS ndi mapps adatengedwa. Ngakhale izi, talente ya wopanga adazindikira.
Mu 1942, Mikhail TimofEevich imatenga ntchito ku magwiridwe a marhiltory ankhondo ofiira. Mwamuna amapulumutsa zida m'magulu antchito. Utsogoleri posachedwa anapatsa Kalashnikov ntchito yatsopano: Wopangayo adayenera kukhala ndi chida, amatenga katiriji "yapakatikati ndi ndalama zokhala ndi 7.62x39 mm. Mfuti kapena makina ayenera kukhala ndi malo owombera mamita 200-800.
Kuphatikiza pa Mikhail TimofEevich, opanga omwe adakumana kale ndi zomwe adachita pa mpikisano. Chifukwa cha izi, kudziitanira carabinemer Simonov kuwonekera mu gulu lankhondo, mfuti yamanja ya Denyarev. Moreshnikon ya Kalashnikov idayimira mapangidwe ovuta. Palibe zitsanzo za mfuti zomwe zimafikira zofuna za mpikisano. Gawo loyamba linamalizidwa ndi kukonzanso, ndipo chachiwiri - chigonjetso cha achinyamata achinyamata. Pa intaneti mutha kuwona chithunzi Kalashnikov, yemwe amakonda ntchitoyo.
Mikail TimofEeich sanali kufulumira kuti azichita nawo zatsopano, ndi malingaliro anzeru a Wopanga sangatchulidwe. Pakadali pano, makinawo adapangidwa kuchokera ku mayunitsi apamwamba kwambiri komanso njira zoyeserera. Zida zitha kuwombera munthawi iliyonse, kuphatikiza m'madzi, dothi. Palibe zovuta kuyeretsa komanso kusautsa.
Chifukwa cha mapangidwe otchuka, makina otchuka a kalashnikov amatha kupangidwa pazida zomwe zilipo kwambiri. Mtengo wa zida umadziwika kuti ndi wotsika. Mikail Timofeevich adapanga makina okha osati mlengi, koma ngati msirikali wamba, yemwe ndi wofunikira kuti chipangizocho ndichosavuta, womasuka.
Pa 30, Mikhail Kalashnikov idayamba kupitilizidwa kwa mphotho yakale. Wopanga adalandira dongosolo la nyenyezi yofiira ya chitukuko chapadera. Zitachitika izi, makinawo adasamutsidwira kupangidwa kwa chomera cha IZhefalian. Wopanga adasamukira ku UDURTII Mikail Timofeevich yokhazikika imatha kukonza.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, Kalashnikov adayesa kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa, popeza panthawi yomwe ntchito yomwe yambiri idapezeka, kuphatikiza m'mabokosi. Katswiriyu katswiri adasintha ukadaulo, adasiya kusankha pa mphero, yomwe idapambana kwambiri kupanga zida. Vuto litangosankhidwa, nabwereranso ku lingaliro loyambirira.
Posakhalitsa mfuti idapangitsa kusintha kwatsopano kwa akm. Kuyambira nthawi ino, makina ndi makina mfuti kalashnikov adasanduka mikono ikuluiko ya ana, monga a Simon ndi dencherv's zida zimachotsedwa. Mu 70s, adaganiza zotenga ma cartidge otsika kwambiri 5.45x39 mm. Mpikisano wolengeza pakati pa opanga. Mikhail TimofEevich idapatsidwanso chigonjetso.
Kubwerera mu 50s, zida za Kalashnikov zidayamba kuperekedwa kwa Allies pa bungwe la Mgwirizano wa Warsaw, kwa mayiko ena omwe USSR anali ogwirizana. Koma mitengo yakuda ya zida yakuda idakula masiku amenewo, ogwira ntchito mobisa zambiri adayamba kuwongolera chilengedwe cha Bofoefach.
Makampani akunja adatenga monga maziko a Kalashnikov zokha, koma zogwirizana ndi zomwe adachita, zomwe zidafotokozedwa kwambiri pakupanga kwatsopano. Ngakhale kuti chidacho chidalandira dzina latsopano m'dziko lililonse, ak adatsalira. Moreshnikon amakhalabe imodzi mwa otchuka komanso odalirika padziko lapansi. Ak amakhala 15% ya zida za chida.
Mu 1963, Mikhail Timoteeevich adayamba kupanga RPC yokhala ndi mawonekedwe opukutidwa ndi usiku. Nthawi yomweyo, kalashnikov adayesetsa kupanga mfuti ya 9x18 matoleji. Koma mfuti sizitha kupikisana ndi stachikin. Mikail Timofeeevich, Mikhail TimofEech, sakanatha kulipira ndalama zokwanira ku chitukuko ichi.
Kale mu 1970s, kalashnikov adayesa gawo latsopano la ntchito - kusaka ma carbines. Monga maziko a mfuti adatenga makina ake. Atangoyesa, Karabina idatumizidwa. Mu 1992, mbuyeyo amapanga kudzisankhira malo odzisankhira Carabiner "Saiga", ali ndi mawonekedwe am'maso.
Moyo Wanu
Pachigawo cha Mikhail Kalashnikov pali maukwati awiri. Mkazi woyamba wa mwamunayo anali Ekateina Danilovna Anakhilo, yemwe adabadwira m'dera la Altai, atagwira ntchito kudera la sitima ya sitima yakale. Mu 1942, mwana wa Victor adawonekera m'banjamo. Pambuyo pake, Mikhail TimofEeich ndi Ekateria Danilovna adasweka. Womweyo ndi wokondedwa wake ndi mwanayo anakhala ku Kazakhstan. Mu 1956, mayi adamwalira mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake Kalashnikov adadutsa mwana wamwamuna kwa izhevsk.
Mkazi wachiwiri Mikhaf Timoteeevich adakhala ekaterina Viktoroovna Moiseva. Mkazi amagwira ntchito ngati katswiri wopanga. Kuyambira ukwati woyamba, mayiyo anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Nalliel. Koma Kalashnikov adayambitsa mtsikanayo.
Pambuyo pake, banjali linatuluka m'banjamo - Natalia ndi Elena, omalizirawo amakhala ndi Purezidenti wa zigawo za anthu wamba. M.t. Kalashnikova. Tsoka ilo, Natalia adamwalira mu zaka 30. Mikail Timofeevich adayenda bambo ndi agogo. Ana adapereka adzukulu asanu: Mikhail, Alexander, Evgenia ndi Alexander, Igor.
Imfa
Mavuto azaumoyo a Carsnikov adawonekera mu 2012. Wopangayo adanena kuti ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa chisamaliro kuchokera kuntchito. Mu Disembala la chaka chomwecho, bambo wina adagonekedwa kuchipatala ku Republican wazachipatala ndi diagnostic Center of UDMURTIA pa kafukufuku wokonzekera. Kuwonongeka kwina kwa moyo wabwino kunalembedwa m'chilimwe cha 2013. Kudzera mu ndege ya utumiki wadzidzidzi kwa zida zapadera ndi zida zapadera, Timofheech adaperekedwa ku Moscow."Pokhudzana ndi kuyesedwa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, madotolo adaganiza zotumiza Mikail TimsofEevich kupita kuchipatala cha Moscow," utumiki wa zochitika zadzidzidzi zinatero.Madokotala a Moscow adapezeka ndi Guymith Anumbololism ya mapiko a m'mapapo. Patangopita milungu yochepa pa Kalashnikov, Corperpei Metropolitan madokotala. Zotsatira zake, moyo wabwino wa munthu unakhala bwino, kenako wopanga adabwerera kunyumba ku Izhevsk.
Mu Novembala, Mikhail TimofEevich adamvanso zoyipa, kotero kuti wopanga waluso adagonekedwa m'chipatala mu diretimenti yokonzanso ya Republican ndi matenda a UDMUTHINA. Achibale ake a Kalashnikov amakhulupirira kuti mfuti ya mfuti zakhudza kukonzekera kwa zikondwerero panthawi ya zaka 94 za Tikhail Timofheevich.
Kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, Kalashnikov adagwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi, koma opaleshoniyo inaipitsa mkhalidwe wa worstroctor. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, kusintha kowoneka sikunazindikire madotolo. Masiku angapo kuti mfuti zija zisanasamuke kwambiri chifukwa chotuluka magazi. Imfa ya Mikhail Timoteeevich idadziwika pa Disembala 23.
Kubwezera ku Mikhal Kalashnikov kunachitika pa Disembala 25 ndi 26, ndipo Panid adachitika mu Mikhalovsky Cathedral Cathedral of Izhevsk. Pakufa kwa Wopanga mu UDMURTIA, akalira maliro a mutu wa derali. Maliro a Kalashnikov adachitikira ku Pantheon of the Serheer ya Chikumbutso cha Chikumbutso cha Federal.
Pamwambo, akuluakulu aboma ndi anthu akuluakulu a boma, kuphatikiza Vladimir Punin ndi Sergei voroby ivanov ndi Sergey Mantudov, analipo pamwambo. Maliro akuwonetsa mkulu wa Sergey Plactor of the Company Company Rostech. Chipilala kwa Mikhal Kalashnikov adawonekera pomwe mundawo ku Moscow. Wopanga chida cholengedwa chinapatsidwa mendulo "Ndondomeko ya Golder" ndi "Sukulu ndi nyundo".
Kukumbuka
Pokumbukira wopanga wamkuluyo, zojambulajambula zambiri zaluso komanso zolembedwa zidawomberedwa. Chimodzi mwa mafilimu owala kwambiri - "Kalashnikov", lofalitsidwa mu 2020. Udindo wa Mikhail Timoteeevich wosewerera Resor Yurisov.
Zoyambitsa
- Kuwombera kwachuma kwa mfuti
- Ak-47
- Makina Ochitira Nawo Wamfumbo Kalashnikov
- Makina mfuti Kalashnikov
- Makina a kalashnikov 100 mndandanda
- Kusaka Carbine "Saiga"
- Toul Toun Kalashnikov
Mphongo
- 1946 - mendulo "Kupambana ku Germany ku Germany ku Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Dziko Lapansi la 1941-1945"
- 1947 - dongosolo la Okutobala
- 1949 - Red Star Dongosolo
- 1958, 1969, 1976 - dongosolo la Lenin
- 1958, 1976 - ngwazi ya Socialist
- 1958, 1976 - mamembala "ndi nyundo"
- 1975 - Dongosolo la Banner Red Banner
- 1982 - dongosolo laubwenzi wa anthu
- 1985 - Dongosolo la Nkhondo Ya Patriotic I Degree
- 1993 - zHov mendulo
- 1994 - Dongosolo "la ntchito ku Abambo" II Degree
- 1998 - dongosolo la mtumwi Woyera andrei woyamba amatchedwa
- 2004 - Dongosolo "la Asitikali"
- 2009 - ngwazi ya Russian Federation
- 2009 - Mendulo "Ndege ya Golder"