Chiphunzitso
A Lesya Ukranka ndi wolemba yemwe amagwira ntchito m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ikakhala yotanthauzira, ndakatulo, mawonekedwe kapena masewera. Pa moyo wake waufupi, a Lesya adapanga ntchito zingapo ndikutulutsa ndakatulo, zomwe pambuyo pake zidafa.
Larisa Petrovna Koshach (dzina lenileni la wolemba) adabadwa 13 february (25) la February 1871 mu mzinda wa Novograd-Volykyr-Cide of Ukraine. Points yamtsogolo idakula m'banja losadziwika la nyumba yabwino, makolo ake ndi anthu ochokera kumanzere kwa Ukraine, mbadwa za The Malsosi Cosmack, yemwe adavomereza chipembedzo cha Orthodox.
Abambo Lesi, Koshach Petro Antonovich, anali wophunzitsidwa bwino kuchokera kwa a Chernigov Olemekezeka, Zaka za kuyunivesity ankakonda mabuku, masamu ndi mauthenga ndi Juni Sement. Nditamaliza maphunziro a Kiev, yunivesite inalowa mu Kiev chipinda cha khothi ngati gulu la wofufuza milandu. Abambo a wolemba adayamba ntchito yake ndi mkulu wa mlembi wa koleji komanso ntchito yabwino idasamutsidwira kwa alangizi enieni.
Petro Antonovich adakonda mabuku, nyimbo ndipo amakonda kupaka utoto. M'nyumba mwake, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana chifukwa chofuna kucheza ndi nyimbo, amagwira ntchito zakale, komanso kujambula.
Mkazi wa Pero Antonovich, olga Petrovna, - mlongo wa mtolankhani wodziwika bwino akonakova mikhavich, adakonda kulemba ntchito. Malinga ndi mphekesera, Larisna sanali wa Olga Petrovna ndi mwana wolandirira. Mkaziyo sakanatha kuchira ku Mikul woyamba, ndipo mimbayo, nabadwa pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mtsikanayo ndi mkaka atapita.
Olga Petrovna anali mayi waku arudite, amadziwa zilankhulo zambiri: European, Greek ndi Latin wakale. Amayi anapatsa maphunziro abwino kwambiri kwa ana, mwachitsanzo, mtsikana wazaka 19, a Lesya anali wolemba kuti azichenjezidwe amatchedwa "mbiri yakale ya anthu akummawa". Amadziwikanso kuti kusamalira nyumbayo akuphunzira ku Chiyukireniya ku Actialary, komwe kumatanthauziridwa nkhani zingapo za Nikolai Vasal ku chilankhulo cha ku Ukraine ndikumasula ndakatulo zake.
Lesia Ukrainka adabweretsa ndi mlongo wachichepere wa Olga (1877) ndi Mbale Warhail Mikha (1869). Mikail Petrovich sanalinso kutali ndi kulembera, kuchokera pansi pa cholembera chake panali nkhani zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso bukuli, lofalitsidwa m'mabuku. Adamasulira m'chinenerocho ngati Gogol ndi Vladimir Korkonko, Gendle Senkevich, komanso Francis Brita Garbal.
M'bale ndi mlongo sanali kutaya madzi, pomwe adalandira kwa makolo omwe ali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino michefesie. Mnyamatayo ndi mtsikanayo anapeza maphunziro apanyumba, anaphunzira ndi aphunzitsi azinsinsi. Wolemba zamtsogolo koyambirira anaphunzira kuwerenga - kukhala mwana wazaka zinayi, a Lesya adawerenga kale nkhani zamtundu ndi mphamvu komanso zazikulu. Ndipo paukalamba wazaka zisanu, nkhalango idapanga masewera azomwe amasewera.
Mu 1882, banjali lidasindikizidwanso m'banja la Koschai - mwana wamkazi wa Oksana adabadwa, kenako wobadwira mycola (1884) ndi Isidore (1884). Mwana wamkazi wa mtsikanayo sanali wopanda mitanda: nkhalangoyi inali ndi zaka 10, iye anali wozizira. Matendawa anachita zovuta, mwana wamkazi wa Perdonich wa Perdovich adamva kuwawa mwendo ndi dzanja. Poyambirira, madokotala ankakhulupirira kuti Chi Ukraine chinali chovuta kwambiri, ndipo msungwanayo anathandizidwa ndi malo osambira ndikuchiritsa mafuta. Koma kuyesa konse kunali pachabe.
Mu 1883, nkhalangoyi idapezeka ndi mafupa a chifuwa chachikulu, chifukwa chake mtsikanayo adagwira ntchito ndipo adagwada. Chifukwa chake, za ntchito ya Lesia, yomwe inali ndi masewerawa mwangwiro, kunalibe mawu.
Mwa zina, wolemba mtsogolo anayesa kudziwa utotoyo komanso ngakhale kusankhidwa kusukulu yapadera, komwe anaphunzira kujambula Nikolai Ivanovich oyang'aniridwa. Zowona, mtsikanayo sanagwiritsidwe ndi masisi ndi zojambula: Lesya sanafune kuti ntchitoyo ndi ntchito yake. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chithunzi chimodzi chokha chomwe cholembedwa cholembedwa ndi Poiyess chidatsalira kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.
Malembo
A Lesya Ukrainka adalemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba chifukwa cha zokumana nazo zochokera pansi pamtima. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumapeto kwa 1879, Aunt Elenavna Kosakna adamangidwa ndikutumizidwa ku Siberia kwa zaka zisanu kuti aled ku Alexander Cront of Alexander Crontrovich. Ndikofunika kunena kuti nkhalango ndi azakhali ang'onoang'ono, Mlongo Petro Antonovich, womangiriridwa ubale wolimba.
Nthawi zambiri mayiyo ankangoyang'anira anawo, ndipo ubale wake ndi wolemba wamtsogolo adasiya phazi lam'tsogolo m'moyo ndi chiyero cha poetess. Ataphunzira za kumangidwa, mtsikana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu amalemba ndakatulo yake yayikulu yotchedwa "Nadezhda" (1879-1880).
Larisa Kos anali ndi zaka 12, adayamba kulemba ndikufalitsa magazini "Zarya", komanso kuthana ndi matanthauzidwe a "Usiku wa famu pafupi ndi DAGOLA" Nikolai Gogol. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, mtsikanayo adapeza pseudonymm. Mu 1883, zopereka ndakatulo yoyamba ya ndakatulo ya "pamapiko a nyimbo" idatuluka.
Ndikofunikira kunena kuti zochitika za Lesia zinayenda munthawi ya Chirari, ndipo mu ntchito yaku Ukraine ya nthawi imeneyo, zikutchulidwadi malangizo a ku Ukrated. Ukranka sanatsatire maphunziro amodzi: mtsikanayo sanamufotokozere kwa zaka zambiri, kapena mwachilengedwe, koma anali atakhala ndi malingaliro osintha. Ntchito zake zimakhudzana ndi zachikondi, m'malo mowona.
Nthambi zitakwatirana, adayamba kugwira ntchito yothamanga. Pa Meyi 5, 1907, Chiyukireniya anamaliza ndakatulo yotchuka "Aisha ndi Mohammed", komanso anawonjezera ntchito ya "chipchendra", chiyambi cha chomwe chinaikidwanso mu 1893. Chimodzimodzi 1907, a Lesya adagwira ntchito "kuphiri la Zarnitsa", "m'nkhalango" ndi "Rufin ndi Priscilla".
Moyo Wanu
Chief woyamba kunkhalangochi chinali anthu onse chithunzi sergey merzeyky, yemwe wolemba adakumana nawo mu 1898. Zowona, chikondi ichi chidabweretsa Laris Safetrovna si mapiko achimwemwe, koma phiri lalikulu: Sergey Konstantinovich adamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Atangotsala pang'ono kumwalira kwa wokondedwa wake Kosya anafika ku Sergey, ndipo mu umodzi mwa nthawi yozizira, ndipo mbiri yolenga ya wolembayo idabwezedwanso ndi sewero "(1901).
Mu 1907, poetess adasamukira ku Crimea ndi wamkulu wa Clement Vasalyevich Kvatka, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa oyambitsa Soviet. Ndikofunikira kuti achinyamata adakumana mu 1898, Larisna Petrovna anakonzanso nkhani "pamwamba pa nyanja" m'bwalo lolemba la Kiev.
Clement Vasalyevich inkadwala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo tinganene kuti kusokoneza kwa Crimea kunapulumutsa moyo wake, chifukwa nyengo yofatsa ndi yofatsa idapangitsa kuti matenda akufa abwere. Okondana adalembetsa Ubale pa Ogasiti 7, 1907, kunalibe ana a m'banja.
Imfa
Matenda oopsa adapanga wolemba kuyambira paubwana kuti athandizidwe. Chifukwa chake, zaka zomaliza za Larisna Petrovna amakhala m'maiko otentha - Egypt ndi Getgia. Komabe, kuyesayesa konse kwa Lesia kudzagonjetsa chifuwa chachikulu cha mafupa kuti: zinkawoneka kuti matendawa sabwerera, koma m'malo mwake, amapita patsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Matenda onse a Larisa Petrovna adadwala matenda a impso.
Koma, ngakhale atalephera, a Lesya adapeza mphamvu yaku ntchito yaluso. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo, adatumiza zogwira ntchito m'bwalo lamilandu: Nyimbo yakale ya Drama "Orgy", Epic Triptych "Kodi Mphamvu Idzatipatsa Chiyani?"
Wolemba wamkulu waku Ukraine adamwalira pa Julayi 19 (Ogasiti 1) ya 1913 mu m'badwo wa 423. Manda a poetess amapezeka paphiri la njinga ku Kiev. Pokumbukira za ndakatulo zaluso, misewu yambiri imatchedwa, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso dziko lonse lakale la sewero la Russia latseguka. Ndizachilendo kuti mu 2001 chithunzi cha nkhalangoyi chinayikidwa pa Bill Billian Bill ndi pa 200 hryvnia.
M'bali
- 1893 - "Pa mapiko a nyimbo"
- 1899 - "Malingaliro ndi Amadyera"
- 1902 - Ndalama "
- 1911 - "nyimbo ya nkhalango"