Chiphunzitso
Wolemba, kuwongolera magazi a nkhaniyi, ndikunyamula katundu wolemera, chifukwa nkovuta kuwopsa wowerenga wambiri, ndipo nkovuta kukakamiza wofunsayo kuti amve kukhala ndi melachiric komanso mokongola kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mbuye wa cholembera amakakamizidwa kupanga zosakondera: kupanga bukuli kuti atuluke mu shuga, wophatikizidwa ndi malingaliro a nthanono ndikumvanso khungu pakhungu. Olemba oterewa sanali okhawo a EDgar Arlan PRA ndi Howard Clowk, komanso ku Brand Stomar, yemwe adawonetsa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a Dracula, komanso "chipata cha mizimu".
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
"Bramu" Brom "adabadwa pa Novembara 8, 1847, ku likulu la Ireland, yemwe adapatsa kuwalako zambiri zolembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera pa wokazinga, a William Batler Jeblin adabadwira ku Dublin, a George Brurde Shaw, Samuel Becket, Oscan Stuel, Jonathan State ndi Maso Abwino.
Ali mwana, Bramu idaleredwa mu banja lokhala waboma. Abambo ake, ndipo Abrahamu, a Charlotte Malda Blan Browler, adaukitsidwa ndi ana asanu ndi awiri ndikukhala moyo wamba, woyeza, zomwe zidali mwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo. Makolo a wolemba anali otsatira achipembedzo achipulotesitanti, motero bramu, limodzi ndi abale ndi alongo, adapita ku Church of Ireland, omwe ali gawo la anthu a ku Anglican.
Ubwana wa wogona sanali wolemera pa zochitika, koma kamodzi mpaka kalekale adakumbukira matenda ake, omwe mwa lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo adaponyera mnyamatayo pakama. Chowonadi ndichakuti chifukwa cha matenda osadziwika, Bram sakanakhoza kudzuka ndikuyenda, pomwe wolemba wakale asanakhalepo wolemba adasewera ndi anzawo m'bwalo ndipo amasewera masewera. Umu ndi momwe zimafotokozera Bram adasuntha nthawi yovutayi:
"Ndinkachokera ku chilengedwe, ndipo nthenda ya nthawi yayitali inayambitsa malingaliro ambiri omwe amabala zipatso m'zaka zotsatira."Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti munthu wamkulu wa buku lake la "Dracula" limakhala nthawi yayitali m'maloto. Kunali chiyembekezo pang'ono, koma mnyamatayo anali atatha kuthana ndi matenda omwe sanachoke ndi kufufuza kwake, chifukwa, kukhalabe pa trank-koleji, mnyamatayo anali wokonda masewera komanso mpira.
Mothandizidwa ndi bram, gulu lake la wophunzirayo silinasautse cholinga chimodzi m'chipata cha wotsutsa. Mu 1870, wovotera adamaliza maphunziro a masamu ndi Homent, chifukwa sinali yolimba, komanso wanzeru kwambiri.
Malembo
Atalandira diploma, Bram Strocker adapita kumapazi a abambo ake ndikuyamba ntchito yaumwini, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yake munthawi ya nyuzipepala ", pomwe wachinyamata adachita monga mtolankhani komanso wokonda kwambiri kutsutsa. Ndemanga za stocker zinali zotchuka pakati pa azimayi ang'onoang'ono ndi AMBUYE, ndipo owonerera ena owoneka atakhala ndi bram ndi ulemu wolemekezeka.
Wosuta atalemba nkhani yabwino yokhudza Hamlet Herry Irving. Wochita seweroli ali ndi chidwi ndi kuwunikiranso wolemba, yemwe adayitanitsa kuyitanitsa bram chakudya kupita ku Shelborne Hotel, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo pakati pa umunthu wa kulenga uwu, ubale wabwino adaleredwa.
Mu 1878, Henry adatembenukira ku ekler kuti aitanitse mnzakeyo kuti atenge gawo la woyang'anira lembomu, lomwe lili kumadzulo kwa London. Chifukwa chake, wolemba adasamukira ku likulu la United Kingdom. Chifukwa cha kuchititsa chidwi, stachec adadziwana ndi wolemba wa "maulendo a Sherlock a Sherlock Holmes" ndi Arther Conan Dolean Gray
Ponena za zochitika zolembedwa, pali mabuku angapo omwe ali pamndandanda wa Stocker, komabe, ntchito zodabwitsazi sizinapatsetse mwayi wotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti zolemba pamanja za vampire. Mkhalidwe wa Craography adayamba mu 1874, The Wolenga Wolenga Zinthu Zomwe Zachitika mu 1874, ndiye kuti ntchito ya "mbale ya Crystalo" idalembedwa, kenako ndikutsatira mabuku a rimrose (1879) ndi " Njoka Pass "(1890).
Dracula "Dracula", yomwe idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1897, ndiye Apogee of Creational Brahma Stocker, amene akuthokoza bukuli m'maiko atsopano komanso a Cinematographic. Ntchito ya vampire idalembedwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo nthawi yonseyi sanangoyang'ana kudzoza, komanso nthano zazikulu zaku Europe ndi nthano zam'madzi, dzuwa, aspen cola ndi adyo .
Komanso ndizoyeneranso kulipira wolemba Joseph Sheridan Learnny, chifukwa buku lofunikira la kanemayo linalembedwa mothandizidwa ndi buku la Gothic "(1872). Bram adayamba kugwira ntchito yopanda khungu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1890. Ndipo adayamba kuchita zolemba pamanja pokhapokha pazithunzi zam'tsogolo zidadzuka m'kumutu pake: bambo wachikulire ndi mtsikana yemwe amangoyang'ana pakhosi pake pang'onopang'ono.
Poyamba, buku la bukuli linapangidwa ku Syyria, osati ku North-West Romania. Koma patatha miyezi yochepa, cholinga chokhala woponderezedwa chinasamukira ku mtsinje wina, pomwe buku la Vlad III III Basaarab anali mulaibulale, kapena unyolo), yemwe, ngati Ivan Grozny, wolembedwa Chithunzi cha wolamulira wankhanza yemwe sanadziwe chifundo kwa adani kapena anthu apafupi.
Ngati timalankhula za prototype weniweni kuchokera ku Roma, ndiye Vlad III anali Mbuye wa nthawi yakale ya Valah mu 1448, 145-1462 ndi 1476 ndi 1476. Wolamulirayo adadziwika m'mbiri ya transylvania (1457), nkhondo zokhala ndi ufumu wa Ottoman ndi Mfundo za tchalitchi.
Malinga ndi nthano, vlad ungwiro anali wankhanza, ndipo ndi anzeru ake ndi omvera, anali odziwika bwino, anali odziwika bwino, amawasinthanitsa ndi kuwerengera. Dracula yeniyeni sinamwe magazi a anthu, koma iye mosangalala ankawonera zowawa za omwe anawazunza ndipo anapha anthu ambiri, mwachitsanzo, onse kuphedwa pamutu kuti asachotsere ma türbans asanafike ku Kalonga .
Inde, utoto wotere, monga Vadislav III, sakanatha kukhala osadziwika, motero a Bram Stroc amakhala kuti alembe kuti njerwa ndi maloto a bambo: Usiku wina, Chinyengo cha vampire chinali kulota kwa bokosi.
Zimapangitsanso kuti zitheke Bram Bram idayendera chikhomo cha Scottish ndikuwerenga ntchito ya Jules Verne "Castle of Carpathians." Mulimonsemo, Ducula sikuti bioomp ya wolamulira wa Valah, koma ntchito yolembedwa mokwanira, yomwe ndi njira yamisala. Bram adawonetsa vampirism ngati chiwanda, kusakaniza zolinga za imfa, magazi ndi kusilira mu botolo limodzi.
Chiwembu cha buku la Estolary, yemwe adawona kuwunika mu 1897, kutengera mzati wosafa wa Dracula, yemwe walungo umwini watsopano. Komabe, patsamba la buku lomwe mungapeze ngwazi ina yachipembedzo - Abrahamu Vaning, wafilosofi, zomwe zimayambitsa zamatsenga zamatsenga.
Bram Stroker sikuti ku Wolemba woyambayo yemwe adapanga magazi ngati munthu wowoneka bwino ndi wotsutsa wamkulu wa ntchito yomwe idalemba, ngakhale isanakwane John Eyarori, omwe adasindikiza nkhani ya vampire mu 1819.
Komabe, The wolemba wolemba adaperekanso vampire nthano ndi zoyeserera zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa zojambula zowonjezera, ndipo otsutsa alembawo ndi omwe ali m'nthawi ya anthu omwe adapanga chilengedwe cha Bram pafupifupi zabwino kwambiri buku la Gothic laposachedwa.
Dracy "Dracula" idachita chidwi ndi wolemba ndakatulo wa zaka za zana la siliva a Alexander Blok, kuti adayamika mzayu, yemwe adamulangiza kuti awerenge magazi owuma a graph yoyipa ya The Grap. Malinga ndi buku la chiphiri, bukuli lomwe anawerenga mausiku awiri ndi "kuwopa."
Ngakhale kuwunika kwamitundu yamitundu yotereyi sikunagonjetsedwe pakati pa mabungwe a Bia, chisoni cha satana ", ponena za wolemba Jeffrey Storthstte, yemwe adakwaniritsidwa Ndi kalonga wa mdima - Lusifara.
Ndikofunika kuwerengera ophunzira ena. Mu chaka chimodzi pambuyo buku la "Dracula", "Abiti Betty" (1898) adatuluka, kenako ndi ntchito ya "chikumbukiro cha nyanja" (1906), "chuma cha asanu ndi awiri nyenyezi "(1907) ndi" Dona ku Savane "(1909).
Mu 1911, bram adakondwera ndi okonda zoopsa ndi buku latsopanoli - "chipika cha kulemera choyera." Chiwembu cha ntchitoyi chimazungulira nthano chabe za chilombo choopsa cha Monstivery - The wahton samvera, womwe wasokoneza anthu okhala m'mizinda ndi midzi yomwe ili ndi zochita zawo. Mwa zina, nkhani za nkhani zomwe zili pansi pa dzuwa "(1882) ndi" Graccula ndi nkhani zina zachilendo "(1914).
Moyo Wanu
Tsoka ilo, zambiri zokhudza moyo wa wolemba ndizochepa kwambiri. Koma zimadziwika kuti Bram inali chibwenzi chokhulupirika komanso choyamikiridwa, kotero kufa kwa mnzake kumwalira kunakhudza thanzi lake: adamenyedwa ndi chokhazikika, ndipo sakanakhoza kuchitika.
Ponena za chibwenzi, wolemba wa "Dracula" adakwatirana ndi Florence ina Balkada - kukongola, komwe oscar Highvess amadziwika. Komabe, ngakhale kuti pali chikondi chosaneneka cha "Chithunzi cha Dorian imvi", ubale wabwino umasungidwa pakati pa manambala. Amadziwikanso kuti mwana yekhayo wa Nove anabadwa mchimwemwe cha okwatirana.
Imfa
Ngakhale talente yosawoneka bwino, zaka zomaliza za moyo wa bram zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa umphawi. Cons Dissing wazaka 64 za Epulo 20, 1912, pa St. George ku London. Ena ojambula adanenanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti afe aphedwe ndi ma syphilis, ena anali ndi chidaliro kuti wanzeru mabuku adamwalira chifukwa cha ziwalo zopita patsogolo. Thupi la Bram lidatenthedwa, ndipo fumbi lidayikidwa mu nler.
Koma mulimonsemo, m'maso aluso aluso, dzina la Bram Stocker silifa. Chifukwa cha iye, "Vampire" ambiri adalembedwa ndipo pafayilo imodzi idachotsedwa, ndipo chithunzi cha Dracula chomwe chili chodziwika bwino chidayamba kupembedza. Mwa njira, malinga ndi wotsogolera wa Roman Wilhelhelm Wilhelm Morgeru adachotsa filimu yakuda ndi yoyera "Nosferatou" Nosferatou. Symphony ya mantha "(1922).
Koma popeza studio ya cinematic sinathe kupeza ufulu ku giya, mayina a otchulidwa amayenera kusinthidwa. Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri ya filimuyo iyi yalowa mu Gustav von Wangenheim, Max Shrek, Greta Schroeder ndi Alexander GRAnach.
Komabe, chithunzi chamatondo a graker chinapangitsa Belar Bela Hagoshi, lomwe linali ndi nyenyezi m'Duwnated "Draccala", lomwe limamasulidwa mu 1931. Ngati mungayankhe ntchito zonse pofotokoza za buku la kanema, sikokwanira komanso buku lonse, chifukwa chithunzi chowopsa, koma chochititsa chidwi cha magazi ndi chotchuka mpaka lero.
Komanso, pokumbukira wolemba, brazery arm stocker adakhazikitsidwa, woperekedwa ndi olemba zowopsa kuti apindule ndi mtundu wa proter. Mwa akope la mphoto iyi, mfumu Stephen King, George Martin, Neil Gyman, Ray Bradbury, Joan Roungbury ndi olemba ena a ntchito zojambulajambula.
M'bali
- 1874 - "Mbali Crystalo"
- 1875 - "Ndime ya Primrose"
- 1879 - "Udindo wa alembi ang'onoang'ono ku Ireland"
- 1890 - "Njoka Pass"
- 1897 - "Dracula"
- 1898 - Care Betty
- 1902 - "Chinsinsi cha Nyanja"
- 1903 - Mummy Talisman
- 1905 - "Chipata cha Moyo"
- 1906 - "Ndikukumbukira Zaumwini Za Henry Irving"
- 1907 - "Chuma Cha Nsomba 7"
- 1909 - "Dona ku Savan"
- 1911 - "Chipika choyera"
Mawu
- "Zikuwoneka kuti pali china chake mu chikhalidwe cha mkazi, chomwe chimalola amuna kuti aziwatsegulira moyo, kugawana malingaliro, osakumana ndi ulemu wa amuna"
- "Musaiwale Choonadi Chakale - ndikofunikira kufulumira pang'onopang'ono"
- "Anthu osadziwika nthawi zonse amawoneka kuti amamveka momveka bwino m'njira"
- "Ngakhale pali zimphona mdziko lapansi, komabe anthu abwino - ndipo amalimbikitsa."
- "Chodabwitsa kwambiri bwanji momwe munthu amapeza mtendere wotayika. Ndi kotheka kuthetsa chopingacho, chopinga - sizingafanane ndi zomwe zidawonongeka nthawi imodzi - ndipo chiyembekezo ndi chisangalalo zitabweranso
- "Simukuganiza kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe simukumvetsa, koma ndi ndani, komabe, komwe kuli komwe kuli anthu omwe angawone wina wina sangathe kuwona; Koma kumbukirani, pali zinthu zina zomwe simungowona. M'malo mwake, kulakwitsa kwa sayansi yathu, iye akufuna kumveketsa bwino, ndipo ngati alephera, akuti izi sizoyenera kufotokoza. "
- "Ndimada nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo chinthu chokha chomwe chandichezera ndi mwayi wolankhula m'mabuku; Zikuwoneka kuti ndakhala pachinsinsi cha munthu wina ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndimayang'ana momveka. "
- "Mwinanso, mumtima mwa mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi nkhawa, kutikakamiza kuti tikhale apamwamba kuposa tsankho komanso kutchuka kwadziko."
- "... misala ndiyosavuta kusinthitsa kuposa zenizeni ..."