Chiphunzitso
Mu February 1600, pa lalikulu maluwa, Roma adaweruzidwa kuti ayambe kuwunika kudzera mu kuyaka kwa Italiya Wordan. Umunthu wa Bruno ndi wowoneka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti udindo wake pa sayansi ya World sayansi ndi mafilosofi akutsutsana mpaka pano. Jordano adayamba chiphunzitso chakuti chilengedwe chonsechi chilengedwechi chilengedwe chonse, chitsimikizire kuti nyenyezi zikuyenda matupi akumwamba, ndipo thambo ndi lopanda malire mu nthawi ndi malo. Koma ngakhale Galileya ali ndi chithunzithunzi cha dziko la chisulu, kufunsa kwamphamvu kumangidwa. Chifukwa chiyani anawotchedwa bruno?
Vutoli limasangalatsanso chifukwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chakonzanso zosankha zingapo za asayansi ndi anzeru, koma Jordan Bruno sanalowe nambala yawo. Komanso, tchalitchichi chimathandizira lingaliro la Kufunsa. Nanga kodi nchifukwa ninji anyamata a mpingo wa ku mpingowo sanakhululukidwe? Zinali choncho pamalingaliro ake asayansi kapena chifukwa chake kuli mozama kwambiri?
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Philip Bruno adabadwa mu 1548, m'tawuni ya Nola, pafupi ndi Naples, m'banja la msipu wolembedwa giovanni ndi anthu osauka. Mu 1559, mnyamatayo adapita ku Naples kuti aphunzire kuchokera pa sayansi, kuphatikizapo macheza, mabuku ndi malingaliro. Patatha zaka zinayi, Filipo adatumizidwa ku nyumba ya amonke, komwe adakhala zaka 10. Pamenepo, mnyamatayo adalandira dzina lachiwiri, lomwe adadziwikanso ndi dziko lapansi - Jordano.
Kum amonke, Filipo anaphunzira buku la Copernicus "posinthanitsa ndi zikhulupiriro za kumwamba ndipo amatsutsa zikhulupiriro za Aristotle ndi Ptole, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusagwirizana kwawo ndi izi. Mu 24, Yordano adakhala wansembe ndipo adakhala woyamba ntchito yoyamba. Kutengera zolimba mtima za mchimwene wa Yordano, atsogoleri achipembedzo adamupempha kuti akhale ampatuko.
Zinakakamiza mwana wachinyamata kuti athawire. Anasiya gawo la Italy mu 1574 ndipo anayendayenda kudera la Europe. Kwa zaka zambiri, Bruno adapita ku Switzerland, England, France, Germany. Mu 1577, kufika mu Toullouse (France), Bruno adawerenga nkhani pa sayansi ndi nzeru za Aristotle. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, Yordano, ku Paris, adauza kale za ntchito za wafilosofi, zomwe zimadziwikanso ndi dziko ladziko lonse lapansi linagawidwa ndipo iyemwini.
Koma patapita zaka zisanu, kusamvana ndi othandizira a Aristotle ndipo adakakamiza kusiya Paris, atachoka Paris, yemwe adachoka ku Paris to London. Ku England, Jordano adagwira ntchito mokwanira ndikulemba njira zingapo zanzeru. Mu 1586, woganizayo anapita ku Germany, koma anali woletsedwa ndi marburg. Kenako Bruno adatenga chiphunzitso ku Witenberg.
Sayansi
Jordano Bruno analemba njira za Philosophiicaicale, adanenedwa pamakanga, ophunzitsidwa, koma pambuyo pake adamkakamiza kuti asiye kulimbikitsa malingaliro awo. Sanovnik, yemwe pambuyo pake adatenga nawo gawo popanga chiweruziro cha kuphedwa, adalemba kuti Jordano ndi malingaliro abwino, wachita zanzeru kwambiri komanso kukonzekera.
Bruno motsutsana ndi mpingo wa Katolika komanso wachipembedzo chilichonse chomwe chilipo nthawi imeneyo, amawatchula zolepheretsa kwambiri za sayansi kuthana ndi chitukuko chawo. Mu 1584 ntchito yake "pa infinity, chilengedwe ndi mayiko" zidasindikizidwa.
Ntchitoyi nthawi zina imawerengedwa ngati maziko a kafukufuku wamakono wakuthupi, kuphatikiza chiphunzitso cha umodzi wogwirizana wadziko lapansi komanso kukula kwa chilengedwe chonse.
Munthawi yomweyo, ntchito ya "pir pa phulusa" yopangidwa ndi zokambirana zisanu zoperekedwa kwa mabodza azakuthambo a nthano za Copernicus of Copernicus. Pamodzi ndi iwo, wolemba amafotokoza malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi chilengedwe chonse ndi kuchulukitsa kwa dziko. Mu ntchitoyi, chikhulupiriro ichi chimaonekera kwa munthu wamkulu, Mesiya, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wafilosofi amafufuza.
Kupititsa patsogolo malingaliro a Copernicus pamtunda wa dziko lapansi ndi mapulaneti ena ozungulira dzuwa, Bruno sanachite bwino ngakhale kungoganiza za nyama yankhumba ngati nyama yankhumba komanso shakespeare. Kukhumudwitsidwa m'maiko a Central Europe, Bruno adapita ku Prague. Panalinso mabuku ena ena operekedwa kumatsenga.
Mwambiri, nzeru za Brunopophy zinali pa Neoplatonism - amakhulupirira kuti pali chiyambi china, omwe adapereka kupitilizidwa kwa chilichonse m'chilengedwe chonse. Koma osati koyambirira kotchedwa woganiza ndi Mulungu kokha, ndipo mwachilengedwe, ndipo ngakhale munthu - Mpingowu umathetsedwa ndipo sungathe.
Masiku ano, ofufuza amakangana kuti palibe tanthauzo lofunikira lasayansi la lingaliro la Bruno, chifukwa adangopitiliza chiphunzitso cha Copernicus, ndikutsimikizira umboniwo, koma osatsimikizira umboni. Malingaliro onse ndi zomwe mwapeza a Jordano adagona mu ndege yamilandu kapena psychology, osati zakuthambo konse.
Komabe, kuti athe kukana mtengo wa zomwe zapezedwa za sayansi yamakono. Molakwika: Katswiri wa katswiriyu adayambitsa malingaliro okhudza kusuntha, kukhalapo kwa mapulaneti akutali, munthu wosaoneka, ndi zina.
Moyo Wanu
Za moyo wanu Bruno palibe chomwe chimadziwika. Jordano sanakwatirane, analibe ana, ndipo ngakhale ophunzira ndi otsatira ake analibe lingaliro. Ena ojambula amalola lingaliro la malingaliro ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Komabe, sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha minofu ya Middle, ndipo makamaka, kwa atumiki a mpingo.
Pankhani ya chikalata chosungidwa, a Jordano akuwonekera kwa mnyamata wina wofooka wokhala ndi mawu osaganizira. Kulingalira kumeneku, kusamvana kwa sayansi ndi zikhulupiriro zina m'malo mwa anthu okondweretsa amoyo ndi chisangalalo chathupi mwa manja a akazi.
Imfa
Kubwereranso Kuyendayenda ku Europe kubwerera ku Italy, Yordano Bruno adagwera m'manja mwa funsolo. Malinga ndi dialopars angapo, wafilosofi amatha kupewa chiweruzo cha imfa, ngati sichinachite zochita zake zotsutsana ndi mfundo zosabwezera komanso zomwe sizofunikira kulanditsidwa. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti zomwe akuganiza zokhuza zochulukitsa zamafutukuko za majeremusi ndi chilengedwe chonsechi zidali chifukwa cha zofunsira.
Koma ndiiko, malingaliro a ku Galileya analongosola momveka bwino ziphunzitso za Tchalitchi, kodi nchifukwa ninji funsolo linatimveketsa bwino ndi kulekerera? Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, yankho la funsoli lili m'njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi owonda. Galileo anali wasayansi wapakale yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida za masamu mu chitukuko cha malingaliro. Ndipo Yordano, m'malo mwake, woganiza, woganiza, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito matsenga m'malo mwa malingaliro asayansi pomwe kunalibe kukangana.
Awiria zolemba zambiri akuti kuphedwa kwa Yordano Bruno kunakhalabe chifukwa sikunali zochuluka kuti nkhondo ndi kuwunikiridwa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri. Bruno anali wotsimikiza paziphunzitso zake, ndipo malingaliro ake akuluakulu amayenera kukana chipembedzo motero, chomwe chinali ufulu woopsa munthawi ya mibadwo. Bruno adamanga pambuyo pa uchenigo winawake, ndikumakutsutsa zafilosofi ku Apaso. Mayeserowo adatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, yemwe wafilosofi yemwe amakhala m'ndende m'ndende ya Roma.
Ofufuza angapo amakhulupirira kuti kufunsa kwa amene anafunsako kunapereka mwayi kwa wansembe wakale kuti asiye akumpatuko ndi kukhala amoyo, koma anakana. Zolemba za sentensi, zomwe zidatayika, zimangodziwika kuti zolakwazo sizinali mu malingaliro asayansi, koma mwa kunyoza Mtumiki wakale wa mpingo. Zinali zoopsa za oyang'anira tchalitchi chomwe chinali chifukwa chachikulu cha Philosophege ndi Filosofi.
Zosangalatsa
Umunthu wa Yordano Bruno ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti nthano zake zayendayenda kuposa zonena za mbiri yakale kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha ubale wabwino kwambiri wa ofufuza pamalingaliro ake ndi ziphunzitso zake. Ndipo zowonadi, mfundo zingapo zosangalatsa zidachitika m'moyo waoganiza. Chifukwa chake, munthawi ya moyo, ku nyumba ya amonke, Mbale Yordano adanenanso zokayikira za tanthauzo la lingaliro la Yesu Kristu kudzera mwa namwali Maria, chichititsa mantha ndi zoopsa za makolo oyera. Chowonadi ichi nthawi zambiri chimakumbukiranso bukulo.
Ntchito Yathu Yaitali ku France, ngakhale atakana tchalitchi cha malingaliro a wafilosofi ndi atumiki a komweko, amafotokozedwa ndi kukumbukira kwazinthu zomwe zikuchitika. Herrich III anakopa chidwi ndi iye kuti amuphunzitse za bungwe la mungimoni. Ndi pempho lomweli linatembenukira ku Bruno lochokera ku Venice, koma pambuyo pake Dodos adalemba aphunzitsi ake, namuwuza kuti iye anene zomwe zanenedwa.
Malinga ndi Velmazby, Jordano adaganizira za Yesu amatsenga ndikunena kuti imfa yake inali yosambira konse, ndipo miyoyo ya anthu sinali yopanda tanthauzo m'lingaliro ili, koma amacheza Kubadwanso kwinakwake pambuyo pa kufa kwa thupi lanyama.
Sentensi yomwe idanenedwa chifukwa cha wafilosofi womveka ngati "kuphedwa magazi", komwe kunatanthawuza imfa pamoto. Ndipo ntchito za Yordano Bruno zinali pamndandanda wa mabuku oletsedwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika, mpaka pakatikati pa zaka za zana la makumi awiri.
Tsopano, pa lalikulu maluwa ku Roma, pali chipilala kwa woganiza yemwe amadziona kuti wofera. Koma ngakhale kupezeka kwa chipilala chidaperekedwa ndi chiwonetsero cha anticatolic. Chosangalatsa china ndichakuti, ngakhale panali chikhumbo cha Mpingo, pambuyo pake, gulu la anthu lidakonzekeretsa wafisosofi: mu 1973, ngakhale kanema wokhala ndi dzina lomweli ku Italy, ndipo ngakhale khola la mwezi limavalira dzina la Jordan Bruno .
M'bali
- 1582 - "Pamithunzi ya malingaliro"
- 1582 - "Art of Memory"
- 1582 - "Nyimbo ya Cirkakena"
- 1582 - "Pa zomanga zoyambirira ndi zowonjezera za luso la Lully"
- 1583 - "Zojambula Zachikumbutso", kapena "Luso Lokumbukira"
- 1583 - "Zisindikizo Zosindikiza"
- 1584 - "Pier pa phulusa"
- 1584 - "Pazifukwa zake, kuyambira ndi mmodzi"
- 1584 - "Pa infinity, chilengedwe ndi madziko"
- 1585 - Killensky bulu
- 1586 - "Pakutanthauzira maloto"
- 1588 - "Amalemba Zovuta Zotsutsana ndi Akatswiri
- 1595 - "Code of FaapHaphysical"