Chiphunzitso
Jean-Jacques Rousseau adabadwa ku Geneva pa June 28, 1712. Filosofi waku France, wolemba mawu akuti kuwunikira amadziwika ndi ntchito za Pelagogical, malingaliro. Rousseau amatcha woyambitsa wa zachikondi mu sayansi ya filosofi. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti Jeqques ringseaur mpaka pamlingo wina amapsa mtima wamkulu waku France.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ubwana wa Franco Swiss Jean-Jacquies sakanatchedwa Carefree. Amayi, Sheanna Bernard, anamwalira atabereka, kusiya Mwanayo posamukira bambo wa Isac Rousseau, yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi mlonda ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wovina ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wovina. Imfa ya mkaziyo inavutika kwambiri, koma adayesetsa kuwongolera chikondi cha Aen-Jaan. Inakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa Rousseau.
Mwana wina kuyambira zaka zake aphunzira ntchito za Ppetartha, amaziona kuti "amawazunza" ndi Atate wake. Jean-Jacquies adadzipereka pamalo a ngwazi yakale ndipo manja ake adawotcha dzanja lake. Posakhalitsa mfumu yoyamba ya ku Romau idachoka ku Geneva chifukwa cha kuukira kwa zida, koma mnyamatayo adakhala kunyumba kwake ndi amalume. Kholo silinkakayikira kuti Mwanayo adzakhala wafilosofi wofunika kwambiri pa nthawi iyi.
Pambuyo pake, abale ake adapatsa Arique Jan-a Jean kupita ku Chipulotember. Patatha chaka chimodzi, a Rouseseau pophunzitsidwa adasamutsidwira ku Theary, pambuyo pake amasamutsidwa kwa gara. Ngakhale panali ntchito yayikulu, mnyamatayo adapeza nthawi yowerenga. Maphunziro amaphunzitsa Jaan-a Jean kunama, amadzinamizira.
M'zaka 16, Rousseau amathawa ku Geneva ndipo amalowa mu nyumba ya amonke, yomwe ili ku Turni. Kwa pafupifupi miyezi inayi panali katswiri wamtsogolo pano, pambuyo pake adalowa ntchito ku ArSocrat. Jean-Jachary adagwira ntchito ndi lacquer. Mwana wamwamuna wa kuwerengera anathandiza munthu kuti amvetse zofunikira za Chitaliyana. Koma maluso a kalatayo Rousseau adalandira mayashi - Mayi De Varan.
Jean-Janques Rousseau mu ntchito zina, zolembedwa payekha, zimayimira zinthu zosangalatsa ku biography yawo. Chifukwa cha izi, tikuphunzira kuti mnyamatayo amagwira ntchito ndi mlembi komanso womulangizidwapo asanafike kufilosofi ndi mabuku.
Malingaliro ndi mabuku
Jean-Jakory Rousseau ndi, choyamba, wafilosofi. Mgwirizano "Pangano la Anthu", "Eloise New" ndi "Emil" amaphunzirabe oimira sayansi. Mu ntchito, wolemba anayesa kufotokoza chifukwa chake pali kusalingana pakati pa anthu. Roussau anayesa kudziwa ngati panali malo okhala njira yopanga mgwirizano.
Jean-Jacquine adawona kuti Lamulo liziwonetsa zomwe pali chimodzi. Anayenera kuteteza oimira kampaniyo ku boma, lomwe silitha kutsutsa malamulo. Kulingana kwa malo ndikotheka, koma pokhapokha ngati mawu ofanana. Rousesau anapatsa anthu kuti atenge lamulolo, motero amalamulira machitidwe a olamulira. Chifukwa cha Jean-Jaan, Rousseau adapanganso referenduum, adachepetsa manthawi a ndudu, adayambitsa njira yamalamulo, yofunika kwambiri.
"Eloise yatsopano" - chizindikiro cha Rousseuau. Buku la bukuli lidafotokoza momveka bwino za zolembera za Galassa Garloa, wopangidwa ndi Richardson. Bukuli la Jean-Jathuques linafotokoza ntchito yabwino yolembedwa mu mtundu wa Epistolary. "Eloise yatsopano" ikuyimira zilembo 163. Ntchitoyi idapangitsa kuti anthu a ku France asangalale ndi anthu achi France, popeza pazaka izi polemba mabukuwa anali otchuka.
"Eloise New Eloise" amakamba nkhani ya tsoka lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha munthu wamkulu. Zimapangitsa kuti kukakamizidwa kwa icho, kukhala ndi bwenzi losangalala ndi chikondi ndikugonjera zoyesedwa. Bukuli lidapambana chikondi cha anthu ndikupanga Rousseu ndi bambo wa chikondi ku nzeru. Koma moyo wa wolemba wolemba unayamba kale. Kubwerera pakati pa zaka za XVIIIA, Rosesau anali ndi ntchito yakale ku Venice. Posakhalitsa bambo amapeza ntchito yopanga zinthu.
Ku Paris, anzanuwo adachitika, omwe adagwira nawo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa tsogolo la wafilosofi. Jean-Jacquies adakumana ndi gawo la Golbach, Denis Doro, StateEenne de Ku Potillak, Jean D'Aller ndi Grober ndi Grimm. Mavuto Oyambirira ndi nthabwala sizinatchule, koma mu 1749, pomaliza, adawerenga mu nyuzipepala za mpikisano. Mutuwo unali pafupi ndi rousseau:
"Kodi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zaluso zimakhululukira chikhalidwe, kapena zidathandiza kuti zisinthe?".Idalimbikitsa wolemba. Kutchuka kwa nzika za a Jean-Jacquins kunapeza pambuyo pa opera "wamatsenga wopanda pake". Izi zidachitika mu 1753. Malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zopangidwa ndi anthu a m'mudzimo. Ngakhale Louis XV adamenya chip kuchokera kuntchito.
Koma "wamatsenga wamatsenga" ndi "Kukambitsirana" anawonjezera mavuto aku Russia. Grimm ndi Golbach adazindikira kuti amakhulupirira Jacque. Voltaire adayimilira mbali ya owunikira. Vuto lalikulu, malinga ndi anzeru, anali demokalase yomwe ilipo mu ntchito ya Rousseau.
Olemba mbiri yakale ndi Euske adaphunzira chilengedwe cha Jaan-Jaan lotchedwa "kuulula". Kunena zoona ndi zowona mtima zimapezeka mu mzere uliwonse wa ntchitoyo. Arousau anaonetsa owerenga mphamvu ndi zofooka, kuwulula moyo. Zolemba zomwe zalembedwabe kuti pakhalebe mbiri ya wafilosofi ndi wolemba, kuwunika zaluso ndi mawonekedwe a Jaan-Jaan Rousseau.
Ptagogy
Pachilengedwe chofuna kuwunikira, a Jean-Jeques Roussea anali munthu wachilengedwe yemwe samakhudza chikhalidwe. Afilolofifir adakhulupirira kuti maphunzirowa adakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa mwana. Rousseau anagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ili popanga lingaliro logonjetseka. Malingaliro akuluakulu a Perquogical a Jean-Jacques adapezeka mu ntchito ya Emil, kapena za kuleredwa. Uwu, pozindikira wolemba, ndi wabwino komanso wofunikira. Kudzera pazithunzi zaluso, Rousseau anayesa kupereka malingaliro okhudza Pergogy.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro sanakwaniritse zafilosofi. Maganizo a a Jaan-Jacque adatsutsa mfundo yoti maziko a miyambo iyi ndi mpingo, osati demokalase, imagawidwa zaka zambiri ku Europe. Rousseau adalimbikira kuti pakufunika kwachilengedwe mwa mwana. Kukula kwachilengedwe kwa munthuyo ndi ntchito yayikulu yophunzitsa.
Malinga ndi a Jean-Jacques, malingaliro pakuleredwa kwa ana ayenera kusinthidwa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti munthu kuyambira nthawi yobadwa komanso kumwalira nthawi zonse amatsegula mikhalidwe yatsopano payokha ndi dziko loyandikana. Kutengera ndi izi, mapulogalamu ophunzitsira ayenera kumanga. Mkristu wokoma mtima komanso munthu wabwino si zomwe munthu amafunikira. Furoussau amakhulupirira moona mtima kuti pali oponderezedwa ndi opondereza, osatinso makolo kapena nzika.
Malingaliro a Proque-Pean-Jacques Rousseau anali mu upangiri wa makolo za kufunika kokhala ndi chikhumbo cha munthu, amadzilemekeza, ulemu ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Palibe vuto kapena mungakhale ndi vuto kapena kudzipereka ku zofunikira, ngakhale ana a ana. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kusiya kugonjera kwa mwana. Koma wafilosofi yemwe anakumana ndi nzeru chifukwa chosintha udindo wa maphunziro kwa wachinyamata.
Gawo lofunikira pakuphunzitsa munthu limaseweredwa ndi ntchito, lomwe lidzatsogolera malingaliro a kuphedwa ndi udindo pazotsatira zake. Mwachilengedwe, izi zipitirirabe kupanga mwana kuti apeze chakudya. Pakuphunzitsidwa ntchito, Arousseau amatanthauza kusintha kwamalingaliro, chikhalidwe komanso thupi. Kukula kwa zosowa ndi zofuna za mwana kuyenera kukhala kofunikira kwa makolo.
Malinga ndi a Jean-Jacques, a Rousseau, nthawi iliyonse ya akulu omwe amafunikira kuti azikhala ndi chilichonse chomwe chafotokozedwa mu Chad. Mpaka zaka ziwiri - chitukuko cha thupi. Kuyambira 2 mpaka 12 - mwanzeru, kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 - m'maganizo, kuyambira 15 mpaka 18 zaka - zamakhalidwe. Pamaso pa abambo ndi amayi, ndiye ntchito yayikulu - kukhala oleza mtima komanso olimbikira, koma palibe chifukwa sichingakhale "kuswa" mwana mawu amakhalidwe amakhalidwe. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuumitsa kumadzagwira ntchito mwa mwana kukana, kuwonetsedwa ndi kulimbitsa thanzi.
Munthawi yokulira wachinyamata chifukwa chodziwitsa za dziko lapansi, muyenera kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, osati bukulo. Mabuku ndi abwino, koma amagulitsa ndalama mwachangu malingaliro omwe malingaliro awo adziko lapansi.
Chifukwa chake, mwanayo sadzakulitsa malingaliro awo, koma adzazindikira kuti ali ndi chikhulupiriro. Malingaliro akuluakulu a maphunziro amisala amayenera kulankhulana: Makolo ndi aphunzitsi amapanga malo akamafuna kufunsa mafunso ndi kulandira mayankho. Rousseau amayang'ana kofunika pakukula kwa zinthu, biology, chemistry ndi fizikisi.
Akuluakulu ali ndi zaka 15 amakhudzidwa nthawi zonse, kumayambiriro kwa malingaliro omwe amamverera kuti achinyamata ali ndi mitu. Ndikofunikira panthawiyi osachita mopitirira muyeso, koma kuyesa kutsimikiza. Sosaite ndiwachiwerewere, kotero sikofunikira kusuntha ntchitoyi kwa anthu akunja. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kukulitsa kukoma mtima kwa malingaliro, maweruzo ndi kufuna. Ndikosavuta kuchita izi kukhala kutali ndi midzi yayikulu ndi mayesero awo.
Mnyamatayo atangobadwa zaka 20, ndikofunikira kusamukira ku umodzi ndi ntchito yapagulu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, gawo ili la oimira akazi lidaloledwa kudumpha. Ntchito zaboma ndizachimuna. Mu ntchito za Yean-Jaan, a Rousseau adalemba zabwino za munthu, yemwe adatsutsana ndi gulu la anthu a XVIII m'zaka za zana la XVIII.
Mabuku a Rousseau adapanganso kuphatikiza, koma olamulira adawona kuti ndizowopsa, kuwopseza avotia apagulu a anthu. Malangizowo "Emil, kapena ponena za kufalikira 'kuwotchedwa, komanso pokhudzana ndi a Jean-a Jean-kapena a Jean-a Jean-a Jean-a Jean adalipira mlandu pakumangidwa. Koma Rousseau adatha kubisala ku Switzerland. Maganizo a wafilosofi, ngakhale kuti anali kuvomerezeka kwa boma la France, linapangitsa kuti pelagogy ya nthawi imeneyo.
Moyo Wanu
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama kukwatiwa ndi mayi wosadziwika, Jean-Jaan analibe ndi mwayi, momwemonso wafilosofi anakamba Teresa Levasarser. Mkazi amagwira ntchito ndi mdzanja ku hotelo yomwe ili ku Paris. Malingaliro ndi luntha la Teresa sizinasiyane. Msungwanayo adachokera ku mpikisano wa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro sanalandire - sanatanthauze nthawi yomwe ili. Pagulu, levasser adawoneka owopsa.
Komabe, muukwati, anakhala ndi moyo mpaka masiku ano. Pambuyo pa zaka 20 za banja, pamodzi ndi Teresa, bambo amapita kutchalitchi, komwe adakwatirana. Okwatiranawo anali ndi ana asanu, koma makanda adapatsa nyumba yophunzitsa. A Jean-Jacquies adafotokoza izi mopanda ndalama. Kupatula apo, malinga ndi wafilosofi, anawo anasokoneza momwe amakondera.
Imfa
Imfa ya NastiGala Jan-Jacques Rousseau Julayi 2, 1778, wokhala m'tauni ya Chateau d'eryonville. Apa mu 1777 adabweretsa mnzake wa wafilofefero omwe adawona kuwonongeka kwa utoto wa Russia. Kwa zosangalatsa, Courade ya alendo idakonza konsati pachilumbachi yomwe ili paki. Jean-Jacques, akukondana ndi malowa, adapempha kuti amukonzekere manda pano.Mnzanu adaganiza zokwaniritsa pempho lomaliza la Rousseau. Kupita kwa boma kwa anthu ndi chilumba cha Yves. Mazana a mafani chaka chilichonse adapita paki kuti adziwe zovekedwa ndi wofera, yemwe adafotokoza bwino za schiller ku ndakatulo. Panthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu ku France, mabwinja a Jean-Jaan - Rusquir Rusto adasamukira ku Pantheon. Koma zitatha zaka 20 panali chochita choyipa - zigawenga ziwiri zidabedwa ndi fumbi la wafilofiri ndikuponyera m'dzenje, lodzala ndi laimu.
Zosangalatsa
- Rousseau anaphunzira pasukulu yaintaneti, analemba ntchito za nyimbo.
- Pambuyo pazaka zingapo zongoyendayenda, mu 1767 adabwerera ku France, koma pansi pa dzina losiyana.
- Ku Switzerland pali chilumba chomwe chili pa mtsinje wa Rhone, wotchedwa Jaan-Jan Rousseau.
- Afilosofi atchuka kuchokera kwa azimayi.
- Rousseau sanali wogwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu.
M'bali
- 1755 - "Kukambitsirana za chiyambi pakati pa anthu"
- 1761 - "Julia, kapena Eloise watsopano"
- 1762 - "Pa mgwirizano wapagulu"
- 1762 - "Emil, kapena za kuleredwa"
- 1782 - "Kuyenda wolota yekha"
- 1782 - "Maganizo aboma a Poland"
- 1789 - "Kuulula"