Chiphunzitso
Sizingatheke kukhala ndi kufunikira kwa ntchito zomwe zolembedwa ndi anthu anzeru akale, zomwe apeza ndi cholowa china, chomwe chatenga kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi zina. Tsoka ilo, ntchito zambiri sizinapulumuke mpaka pano, ndipo izi ndi zotayika kwambiri. Komabe, sizimamveka zodandaula kuti ndizosatheka kusintha, zomwe zikugwira, pamaziko a zomwe zikuchitika pano. Osacheperapo, Chigiriki wakale ndi anzeru zakale achi Roma awonongelo, chiwerengero cha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi plaumarch yochokera ku Hown.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Zaubwana za wolemba wakale wakale komanso wafilosofi amadziwika. Adabadwa munthawi yathu 46. Makolo a anyamata, ngakhale adatetezedwa, koma sanakhale wa akhali kapena malingaliro ena omwe amakonda. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse Yutarch ndi mchimbuchi wake wa m'bale wake kuti awerenge mabuku ndipo amaphunzira bwino ku Atene.
Kuwerenga nzeru, zongongongole ndi masamu, plukutachschs adayamba abwenzi ake ndi a Ammonim - othandizira a ziphunzitso za Plato. Ubwenziwu unapangitsa kuti kumapeto kwa maphunziro a Pututhump pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake ndi mphunzitsi wapita ku Delfi.
Cholinga cha ulendowu unali womudziwa bwino anthu apollo, komanso zochitika za mawu ndi ma PYTH. Chochitika ichi chinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phobuburch kwambiri, m'zaka zotsatirapo zomwe sanakumbukire izi (kuphatikizaponso mu ntchito zake).
Kubwerera Kubwerera ku mzinda wa Henee, Plunguch kunalowa mu ntchito yapagulu, kukhala rbinon-exp. Ntchito yoyamba ya Abille Yaing'ono inali lipoti loti a Ahalus Province yokhudza zofunikira za okhala mumzinda. Kupirira bwino ndi malangizowo, Plutary anapitiliza ntchito yake pagulu.
Malingaliro ndi mabuku
Plitarch nthawi zonse amadziona ngati otsatira a Plato. Komabe, zikhala zolondola kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimachitika zachilengedwe - opembedza mokwanira, opangidwa kwathunthu pambuyo pa Sukulu ya Sukulu ya Alexandria Fapulon.
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zidapangitsa mapangidwe a malingaliro a plutarch, omwe mwa aatonic amalawidwa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale pakuphunzitsidwa, wafilosofi wamtsogolo wakwanitsa kudziwana ndi osowa (ophunzira a Aristotle) komanso ndi Spaniki. Ndipo ngati otsatira a Aristotle adawoneka kuti ali ndi chidwi, ndiye kuti Asitoiki, monga a Epikureya, PLUMARSS pambuyo pake adadzudzula.
Komanso, paulendo wake umodzi, mtendere wa pluumarch adakwanitsa kudziwana ndi Roma. Gawo lolemba zafilosofi lili kwambiri. Malinga ndi catalog, wopangidwa ndi m'bale wake wa wafilosofi yemwe ali ndi nyali, pukutarch adalemba zolemba pafupifupi 210, gawo lalikulu lomwe lidasungidwa mpaka lero. Kuchokera pamisa imeneyi, ofufuza amaika "moyo wofanizira" ndi "wamakhalidwe" abwino, wokhala ndi ntchito 78 (kuphatikiza 5 zina ndi zotsutsana).
"Maudindo a moyo" ndi odziwika bwino a Agiriki akale ndi Aroma, kuphatikizapo Julius Kaisar, Alexander Makedonian, Spartan Tsarnonian lenid, komanso okamba za dziko ndi Cichero. Maanja adasankhidwa ndi kufanana kwa otchulidwa ndi zochitika.
Pofotokoza za moyo, wafilosofi anagwira ntchito momasuka pazowona, nkutsutsana kuti alemba mbiri yakale, osati nkhani. Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhaniyi chinali kudziwa ziwerengero zakale za zakale ndipo zimabweretsa maphunziro apamwamba. Mwa njira, choyambirira panali nthunzi ina kuti afanane, koma ena sanasungidwe.
Kuzungulira kwa "Makhalidwe" kunagwiranso ntchito yophunzitsa, chifukwa gawo lalikulu la ntchito za ntchito zomwe zidalembedwa ndi Jutarha mphunzitsi komanso wophunzitsa. Zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zimaphatikizapo ntchito ngati izi: "Kukhumudwa kwambiri", "za mawu akuti", "pa nzeru", "poleredwa ndi ana".
Panalinso ntchito za ndale - "malangizo onena za boma" ndi "pa monarkocy, demokalase ndi oligarchy". Mapu a Subkutarland awo analemba, atalandira nzika ndi ofesi ku Roma (izi zidachitika izi kuthokoza chifukwa cha kuyamwa zoyamwa). Pamene akuzunzidwa komanso anzeru atayamba ndi Emperor Tim Flavia Dovinia, adabweranso ku Wamonee, kuphedwa kuti aphedwe m'malo ake.
Ma Plikutals anayendera mizinda yonse yayikulu ya Greece (kuphatikiza ku Korinto), anapita ku Sarda, Alexandria ndi mizinda ina yambiri. Kutengera maulendo ake, wafilosofi analemba zolembedwa zotere monga "za ku Beide ndi Osiris", zomwe zidafotokoza momwe adaonera kumvetsetsa kwa nthano yakale yaku Egypt, nkhani "zachi Greek" ndi "mafunso achi Greek" ndi "mafunso achi Greek".
Mu ntchitozi, mbiri yakale iwiri yopangidwa ndi mayiko akuti, mbiri yazithunzi ziwiri za Alexander Macedonian (kuwonjezera pa "moyo wa Alexander) -" pa Ulemelero wa Alexander ", monga komanso ntchito zingapo.
Ma Plikutals adafotokoza malingaliro ake a plusofiofi pakutanthauzira kwa ntchito za Plato ("Mafunso Otsutsa a Planovy"), m'mabuku ovuta ("otsutsana ndi mawu akuti"), Mu zosonkhanitsa "zokambirana", zokhala ndi mabuku 9, komanso mu zokambirana za PYTHI ("kuti ma PYTH sakukulitsa" " .
Moyo Wanu
Anakonda banja lake la Pluburch, lomwe limatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza mu ntchito. Anali ndi ana amuna ndi mwana wamkazi, koma mwana wawo wamkazi ndi m'modzi wa ana amwalira kuyambira ali wakhanda. Mwinanso odekha mtima sakaken, wafilosofi walemba nkhani ya "zolimbikitsa kwa wokwatirana naye", adasungidwa lero.
Ana ake atakula, Plitarch adaganiza zokonda zawo zokha. Pambuyo pake, ana a nzika zina anali mwa wophunzira wake. Zinamukhudza wafisosofi woganiza za anthu m'dziko lonselo kuposa momwe anachitira.
Imfa
Tsiku lenileni la kumwalira lafilosofi silikudziwika, mwina izi zimachitika pofika zaka 125 mpaka 127. Adamwalira Pliptusts pachifukwa chachilengedwe - kuyambira ukalamba. Zidachitika ku kwawo kwa hertee, koma adayikidwa mafinya m'manda ku Delphi - molingana ndi chifuniro.
Pamalo maliro a wafilosofi, panali chipilala chomwe akatswiri ofukula zakale adapeza mu 1877 panthawi yofukula. Ma Plikutals adasiya kukumbukira bwino - anthu ambiri a anthu abwino amatchedwa wafilosofi, komanso mraba panjira ya mwezi.
M'bali
- "Njira Zofananira Zamoyo"
- "Makhalidwe"
- "Zokambirana"
- "Mafunso achi Greek"
- Mafunso achi Roma
- "Pa Mwiniwake, Demokalase ndi Oligarchy"
- "Pa zotsutsana za Stoikov"
- "About Iside ndi Osiris"
- "Mfundo yoti ma PYTHes samakulitsanso vesi"
- "Pa zabwino zonse ndi Valror Alexander Wamkulu"
- "Mafunso Ogawani"
Mawu
- "Ochita nawo amapereka, oyambirira, iwowo."
- "Boltun akufuna kudzipanga chikondi - ndikupangitsa kuti udani, akufuna kukhala ndi ntchito - ndipo amakhala tcheru, akufuna kuyambitsa kudabwa - ndipo ndi opusa; Amanyoza abwenzi ake, amatumikira adani ake ndi zonsezi chifukwa cha imfa yake. "
- "Omwe amayembekeza kuonetsetsa thanzi lawo, akukhala ku Lena, amabwera wopusa, komanso munthu yemwe amaganiza mwamtima kuti athe kusintha mawu ake."
- "Nthawi zambiri timafunsa funso, osati yankho, koma poyankha, koma kufunafuna kumva mawu ndikusunga komweko kwa munthu wina, akufuna kuti amukoze kuti ayambe kucheza naye. Tchenjerani ndi mayankho a ena, kufunafuna kuti musangalale ndi malingaliro a munthu wina, kuli ngati kumpsompsona kwa munthu amene akumva ululu wina, kapena adapempha kuti ayesere kudzikopa yekha. "
- "Nthawi zina sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimachitika kuti zitseke wolakwayo pakamwa pa kafukufuku wa FITY; Mphotho yotere iyenera kukhala yochepa ndipo osazindikira kuti sizikwiya, koma zidziwitseni kuti timveke pang'ono pang'ono, kubweza; Monga mivi zimachokera ku chinthu cholimba kubwerera kwa iye amene adawatumiza, ndipo mwano ukuwoneka kuti wawuluka kuchokera kwa anzeru ndikukhala wolakwira. "