Chiphunzitso
Napoleon adati akadakhala kuti atangochita chibwibwi, mkango Tolstoor adamutcha iye malingaliro abwino, ndipo Ivan Turgenev amasilira ukulu wa wasayansi uno. Mfalari wa ku Franch adakwanitsa zomwe zidakwanitsa m'badwo wamtsogolo: Pascal idayimilira magwero, zidakhalapo zokhala ndi ziwonetsero zamikhalidwe zomwe zakhala zowerengera.
Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona chithunzi cha pascal m'mabuku a pa masamu m'masamba ndi sayansi, komabe, anius amakumbukiranso zolemba za Sehorisficaical ndi anzeru.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Asayansi, chaka chobereka omwe masiku a June 19, 1623, adabadwira kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa France, mumzinda wa Alermon-Frerrand. Asamumu amtsogolo adakula ndikukulira m'banja lalikulu (mikono idali ndi ana atatu), omwe anali aboma Semi.
Wophika mkate mnyumbamo, asreenne pascal, omwe amagwira ntchito ya dipatimenti ya msonkho, ndipo mkazi wake Antoinette, mwana wamkazi wa Sererehal Owerha, ndipo anali wokhulupirira kwambiri komanso anali wokhulupirira kwambiri.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka zitatu, amayi ake anamwalira ndi matenda, ndipo masitenthekedwe adakula ndikubweretsa ndi abambo ake. Etinnene, yemwe adatulutsa masamu ndikupanga chivundikiro cha nkhono za Pascal, adapatsa thandizo kusukulu yake, zomwe zidayamba kuwonetsa chidwi kuyambira ali ndi mwana.
Wosakatula ndi mwana waluso, motero kuwerenga mabuku ndi kudziwa za sayansi idapatsidwa kwa iye popanda zovuta zambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mbiri ya ochepera imakumbutsa zaka zoyambirira za labisa. Blaze adayesetsa kuphunzira mabuku a atsogoleri akale kwambiri komanso olemba mbiri yakale, koma abambo ake adatsatira kuti njirazi igwirizane ndi zaka za mnyamatayo.
Chifukwa chake, munthawi ya pulogalamu yamaphunziro ya Etienne, chifukwa chachichepere chinali chotidziwa ndi zilankhulo zakale ali ndi zaka 12, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu zidayamba kuphunzira masamu, koma mnyamatayo sanali kudziwa zoyambira za mfumukazi za sayansi. Chifukwa chake, patebulo yodyera, kayaka kakang'ono kamene kamene amafunsa abambo ake za ntchito komanso kuchotsa kwa anthu, koma a Etienne adakhulupirira kuti kukonda masamu m'masiku a Chilatini.
Nthawi ina, wobadwira adapempha kholo lake, momwe adanenera, ndipo adalongosola kuti iyi ndi njira yokokera ziwerengero zoyenera ndikupeza zolumira pakati pawo. Pascal anachita chidwi ndi kuyankha mwachidule, pascal adatenga malasha ndikuyamba kujambula zitsulo, mabwalo ndi kuzungulira kwa mzere, ndodo ", ndi bwalo" mphete ".
Pascal wachichepere anayesa kupeza mafotokozedwe wamba ngakhale njira wamba, nthawi ya nkhomaliro, munthu wina wakhudza pansi pambale yovala, ndichifukwa chiyani mawu akumveka. Mwana wazaka khumi ndi m'modziyo akakhudza chala chake kuchimba, mawuwo anasowa. Pascal adayesa kufotokozera njirayi yosadziwika iyi, chifukwa cha mawu oti "kuchitika pa mawuwo" adauka.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 14 78 Zolemba zitsanzo pakati pa malo ake. Sanatumize padutsa pabedi lamanja, komanso mascalor ndi famuyo.
Zakudya zazinthu
Pa masemimiya, pascal adadziwana ndi ma kezarg a Geometer ndikuyamba kuphunzira ntchito zake. Zolemba pamanja za Dzarga zidalembedwa mchilankhulo chovuta, motero ma slanges, zojambula zojambula ndi kudzoza kuchokera pamapepala ake asayansi, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi njira zosavuta.
Kupitilira apo, mwana wazaka 17 adachitika mu matolankhani: mu 1640, kuwalako kunawona "zokumana nazo za ziphunzitso za zigawo zam'madzi", zomwe zidakhala mgwirizano wofunikira pantchito ya geometry. Lemma wachitatu wa ntchitoyi ndi a Pascal Moorem, omwe amathandizira kupanga gawo lovomerezeka la mfundo zisanu.
M'nyengo yozizira chaka chomwecho, pascal adasamukira ku likulu la Normandy - Roun. Mumzindawu, pascal-ikuluikulu adagwira ntchito yapadera, ndikuwerengera zotopetsa komanso zodzitchinjiriza. Blaze adapempha kuti musinthe ntchito ya Atate, chifukwa chake anali ndi lingaliro lopanga makina apafupi.
Kale mu 1642, mpumulowo udachitika chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zida zozizwitsa zozizwitsa. Arithriter wake wopangidwa pamfundo yakale yakale amawoneka ngati magiya ambiri ndi magiresi ambiri ndikuwerengera manambala asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kuwerengera kunapangidwa mu mawonekedwe osakhalitsa.
Komabe, kuyambitsa kwa Pascal sikunabweretse zopereka zaulemu kwa Mlengi wake. M'masiku amenewo ku France, kuwerengera msonkho uko kumachitika mu zipatso, dzuwa ndi usana, motero kugwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi makina owerengetsa, ngakhale pascal ayesa kusintha zolengedwa zake zaka khumi.
Koma kupezeka kwa Pascal kunakhala chinsinsi cha mapepala ena asayansi: kumapeto kwa XVI, Cezanna ndi Parmean, ndipo Parmesan, ndipo parmesan, ndipo pa 1820 woyamba, yemwe adabweretsa chuma kwa Mlengi wake - Charlem Xvier Tom de Colmar.
Pamapeto pa 1646, pascal flashis, ataphunzira za chubu, atapangidwa a Torrictellilli, adayamba kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi. Wasayansi adayamba kuyesa kuyesa, kutsimikizira kuti chisonyezo cha Aristotle chokhudza "mantha a" mantha akhutila "ali ndi malire. Umboni wa ku Torrius waku Italy wakumana ndi chokumana nacho ndi chubu chodzazidwa ndi phorcury kuti chitsimikizire kukhalapo kwa moyo wamlengalenga, ndipo adazindikira kuti zopanda pake zimatsika mu mercury kutsitsidwa mu mercury.
Blaze adasintha izi ndikutsimikiza kuti gawo lakumwamba la chubu silidzazidwa ndi awiriawiri a mankhwala, nkhani yabwino kapena chinthu china. Zotsatira za ntchito yawo pascal yofalitsidwa mu mgwirizanowu "kuyesa kwatsopano kokhudzana ndi kusakhazikika", kenako nkumafuna kunena kuti chigamba ndi chitsulo choopsa chimakhala ndi mpweya wapoizoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, Blaise Pascal adatulutsa zolemba pamanja "Kuchita pa Equilibrichi Yachida Hydrailic ndikukhazikitsa lamulo lalikulu la ma hydrostatetic, kusiya ziphunzitso za wafilosofi wa Greekki wachi Greek.
Mu 1651, pascal adamwalira bambo, ndipo mlongo wake Jaclieline, komwe adapeza mnzake, adanenanso za moyo wadziko lapansi ndipo adapita ku nyumba ya amonke. Pofuna kusokoneza mavuto okhala, magolovesi aja anayamba kuwonekera nthawi zambiri pagulu, ndipo mu 1652 anavomera, kupereka makina ake ku Sedenine wa ku Sweden.
Kuchita bwino kunadzetsa chidwi kwambiri pazinthu zina zochitika zasayansi, ulemerero komanso moyo. Nthawi zambiri wasayansi nthawi zambiri amakhala pagulu la abwenzi ake ndipo ankasewera kutchova juga. Kuonera masewerawa mufupa, pascal ndi famu yokhazikitsa maziko a lingaliro la kuthekera kwa kuwerengetsa izi adalemba nkhani "pakuwerengera kutchova juga" (1657).
Malingaliro
Blaze Pascal adasiyiratu m'mbiri ngati wasintha komanso wasayansi, koma ndi ochepa omwe akudziwa kuti pascal idachotsedwa kuntchito zasayansi, zomwe amakonda kwambiri.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu 1654, Blaze Pascal, omwe adapanga kuti alembe nkhani ya "masamu a mlanduwo", adaganiza zodzipatula ku moyo wadziko lapansi chifukwa cha izi, nthawi ya khumi ndi ziwiri. Zingwe zosazindikira, lingaliro lozindikira, linayamba kulembera malingaliro ake pachikopa choyamba pa zikopa zoyamba pa zikopa zoyamba, zomwe zimachita izi kulowa mu zovalazo. Izi zolowa, zotchedwa "Chikumbutso" ndikusintha zomwe wachita zasayansi, zidapezeka pokhapokha patangomwalira.
Amangouza adaganiza zochoka ku likulu la France ndikukhala wovomereza mu nyumba ya nyumba-piano, kuphatikiza kulumikizana konse komwe m'mbuyomu m'mbuyomu adampatsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wachimwemwe, kuchimwa. Pascal adalandiridwa m'nyumba ndikuyamba kumamatira ku moyo wankhanza. Ngakhale masana, amagona pang'ono komanso mapemphero osatha, wasayansi ankakonda kukweza mphamvu ndi Mzimu.
Mwa zina, Blaise Pascal, atatha kukambirana ndi Yanesenists ndi aJesuis, omwe mu mzimu wa mabodza amafotokoza za mabodza amakhalidwe abwino, olembedwa ". Njira ya Pascal, yomwe imafalitsidwa pansi pa pseudomfution komanso kulamula kukaburuza, kunapangitsa kuti asayansi, motero wasayansi, akukakamizidwa kuti abisire mipiringidzo, idakakamizika ndi dzina la munthu wina.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti Voltaire, wotsutsa wolemekezeka, adayamika pamanja, poona kuti mwa ntchito yake, aJesuit samangoganiza zonyansa, komanso zoseketsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pascal, omwe anakana kupanga zatsopano, koma panthawiyo adayamba kuphunzira kung'aludwa ndi dzino lodwala.
Kuti mupeze yankho lolondola la Pascal, omwe adatengera ntchito ya a Mersnna, adabwera usiku wina, kupanga nthawi yatsopano. Wasayansi sanafune kuyimira zotsatira za anthu pagulu, koma mnzake, Speke de ro rocene, adakonza mpikisano pakati pa neuses, omwe pa nthawi ya mpikisano amayenera kudziwa pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndi malo a Matupi a ma cyclols.
Ngakhale panali zoyesayesa zambiri, lingaliro la anthu omwe abuluzi amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri, ndipo zolemba zake zidakhudza zosiyana komanso zogwirizana.
Ngakhale sayansi, pascal anapitilizabe kuchita mwanjira yapadera yodziwitsa za dziko lapansi ndikuyamba kukangana pankhani ya chipembedzo chachikhristu ", komwe adadzudzulidwa mu fluff ndi kuchitira chipembedzo cha kuzunzidwa. Koma pascal anali ndi zovuta polenga "kupepesa", ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumoyo zinakhala chopunthwitsa polemba ntchito iyi ya filosofi.
Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro ake achipembedzo adasintha pakapita nthawi, zolemba zakale za zomwe asayansi amakhulupirira zikhristu zinali zosiyana ndi mtundu komanso mtundu. Pambuyo pake, zolemba pamanjazi zidalowa mu msonkhano wa malingaliro otchedwa "amaganizira za chipembedzo ndi anthu ena", pomwe wolemba adaganizira za uchimo woyambirirawu ndikuwonetsa pa dzina la Yesu Khristu.
Komanso pascal idawonetsedwa kuti ikuwonetsa kuti mgwirizano wachipembedzo, wodziwika ku mbadwo wapano monga Paris Paris. Chifukwa cha kulingalira kwake chinali chakuti popanda chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, ndizowopsa kudzakhala ndi moyo, chifukwa pankhani ya kusakhulupirira kuti kuli wosakhulupirira, ufa wamuyaya ukuyembekezera, womwe ukudikira ". Koma mtengo wa "winnings" ndi yaying'ono, chifukwa ngati zipinda zachipembedzo zimapangidwa, ndiye kuti sizimapereka chalmere.
Moyo Wanu
Khalidwe la pascal liyenera kuweruzidwa ndi malingaliro ake anzeru, ndipo chikondi chokhacho m'moyo wake chinali sayansi. Pascal adalimbikira moyo wa pascoctic, kotero pali zolankhula za ana a wasayansi wamkulu. Amadziwikanso kuti moto anali wofowoka: malinga ndi nthano, komanso, kukhala mwana wazaka zitatu, iye anali wotembereredwa ndi mayi yemwe amafunsa zachifundo.
Etienne amakhulupirira ufiti, choncho, akukayikira kena kolakwika, adapeza mfiti ndipo adalamula kuti apulumutse Mwana ku themberero. Zowonongekazo zidasunthidwa kwa mphaka wakuda, koma pascal yakumana ndi zovuta m'moyo wake wonse. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lina atadya chakudya chamadzulo, wafilosofi adayamba kulimba mtima, komwe kumapangitsa masamu kukhala dziko lokoka.
Pascal amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha matenda a mtima chinali chizunzo chake. Koma, malinga ndi zolemba pamanja zosungidwa, pascal adakumana ndi mndandanda wa matenda - kuchokera ku ubongo wa khansa kupita ku mavuto ndi msana. Anthu a m'masiku okonda kuteros a Pascal anali ngati munthu wachikulire yemwe sanakhalepo ndi moyo wazaka 37, koma atawonongeka, ngakhale ataletsa kuchita zinthu zina pasayansi komanso polemba. Katswiriyu akumvetsetsa kuti anali wofatsa, koma sanachite mantha asanamwalire.
Imfa
Chaka chilichonse, thanzi la Pascal linayamba kuwonongeka, ndipo Lekani sakanatha kuchiritsa wasayansi ku matenda onse, ndipo adapezanso matumbo a matumbo.
Telema Oment pa Ogasiti 19, 1662, kwa chaka cha makumiwo cha moyo. Pokumbukira wasayansi, yemwe anakantha dziko ndi zomwe anachita ndi mawu ake, adatchedwa Rose pa Mwezi, yunivesite ku France ndi chilankhulo cha Pascal.
Zopezeka
- 163,635 - "Utoto Mawume"
- 1640 - "Zochitika za chiphunzitso cha zigawo zamaneti"
- 1642 - Chidule cha Pascal Pascal
- 1647 - "Kuyesa Kwatsopano Kugwirizana ndi Kukhumudwitsa"
- 1653 - "Kuchita ku Arithmetic Triangle"
- 1653 - "Kuchita pa Equilibri Zakumwa"
- 1854 - "Chikumbutso"
- 1657-1658 - "Malingaliro"
Mawu
- "M'mikhalidwe ya munthu, sikofunikira kuweruza zoyesayesa zake, koma pa moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku"
- "Mwa ine, osati m'Malemba a Montiton, ili ndi zomwe ndidawerenga mwa iwo"
- "Munthu sayenera kuyesereranso nyama, kapena kwa angelo, sayenera kukhalabe osazindikira kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe chake. Mudziwitseni zomwe ali kwenikweni "
- "Kuti ubweretse zikhulupiriro zamphamvu ndikuti apeputse"
- "Mwina chinthu cholakwika chakuti munthu wotereyu ali ndi ufulu wakupha ine, chifukwa amakhala mbali ina ya mtsinje kapena nyanja, ndipo sindingakangana ndi zanga iye "