Chiphunzitso
Okonchenes - wokamba nkhani wakale wachi Greek ndi maluso, luso komanso mwa omwe amaperekedwabe chitsanzo cha andale amakono ndi ovomerezeka. Mneneriyu wamunthuyu adatsimikizira kuti cholinga komanso kuleza mtima zimatithandizira kuthana ndi zopinga: Dem mosthenes adakwanitsa ndi manyazi okha, komanso ndi chibwibwi. Ngakhale zinthu zoterezi zikuwoneka ngati zojambulajambula, sizinamulepheretse munthuyu kuti achite bwino.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wokamba nkhani wamtsogolo adabadwa, akuti, mu 384 BC, m'dzenje wapamwamba, osati kutali ndi Atene. Bambo wa kuwedza, Yesu adatchedwa Mwana dzina lake, anali ndi fakitale yake ya zida. Banja la Womugwetsa Kwamukulu silinathandize ngakhale kuti anali akapolo ena. Mayi wamtsogolo marnotoric adatchedwa Kleovul.
Tsoka ilo, ubwana, Demosfen anafunika kukumana ndi umbombo wa munthu komanso kupanda chilungamo. Zinali zochitika izi zomwe pambuyo pake zidapangitsa kuti awefeche athe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mnyamatayo wataya bambo ake. Komabe, mkuluyo adasamalira ana (DOMOSTEne anali ndi mlongo) ndi mkazi wake. Mwamuna wina adasiya ndalama zambiri kwa abwenzi omwe adapempha mabanja awo.
Koma oyang'anira adakhala anthu osakhazikika: Kupanga ndalama ndi kukalanda ndalama, iwo anapatuka kwa mkazi wa Demosfen, akulu ndi ana. Ngakhale zochitika zosasangalatsa monga zoterezi, zikwangwani zoterezi zinayendera sukuluyo ndipo anaphunzira bwino. Ndipo cholimbikitsa chachikulu kwa wachinyamata chinali lingaliro la kulanda chisomo chaubwino.
Mabrotoric
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mkwiyo woyambitsidwa ndi omwe akuwongolera atsogoleri sanavulaze mtima wa mnyamata, koma adauzidwa kuti amvere mwana wamwamuna akumverera kwambiri "mtundu" womwe ukondo wofunika kwambiri womwe umakhulupirira. Kuti mukwaniritse izi zolakwira, mnyamatayo pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pofika mokwanira chikondwerero cha 18, mnyamatayo adalemba wokamba nkhani panthawi yomwe adamphunzitsa iye nzeru za ufulu wa ufulu wa mabwalo ndi luso, kotero kukhothi.
Chifukwa chake, njira yosinthiramo ndi gulu la oteteza olephera linali kumukabwino kwambiri sukulu yabwino kwambiri ya rherito. Moyo wa mnyamatayo, mosiyana ndi anzawo, anali ndi ntchito yovuta. Omwe akumana ndi mawu, mphatso yodalirika komanso imalimbitsa chikhulupiriro mwa mphamvu zake zokha.
Zovuta zina kwa wachinyamata zinali zofooka zautoto: Chingwe china (pazinthu zina - Kartval). Koma ndi chopinga ichi chomwe chathanirana: mnyamata wa tsiku ndi tsiku anali kunena zolankhula ndi miyala mkamwa ndipo motero adachotsa kusowa.
Posakhalitsa, munthu yemwe adampopompo adali podtastar chifukwa chodziwa bwino malamulo ndipo chidziwitso cha malamulo omwe anthu adayamba kulumikizana naye ndi zopempha kuti alankhule naye. Mumphepo adayamba kuthandiza ena kuthetsa mavuto ena pogwiritsa ntchito luso lawo.
Pakapita kanthawi, munthu yemwe akumphetsa adayamba kuwerenga ngati wokwera bwino. Wolemba iye pambuyo pake adzalemba kuti chida chachikulu cha wokamba waluso si fanizo lomveka bwino, kuyankhula mwaluso ndi kukangana. Wokamba aliyense, malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika, ayenera kukhala ndi ulemu komanso chikhalidwe, pokhapokha chifukwa mphamvu yake imafanizira ndi mphamvu ya asitikali ankhondo.
Mfundo za kuwongolera kwazimuna zomwe zidatsatiridwa mokhazikika: Sanayesere kulandira, ndipo sankaopa kuweruza kapena kusakondwa. Wogwedeza ndi zomwe adafotokoza zomwe amawona bwino, kufunafuna "mtundu" pachinthu chilichonse chaching'ono.
Sizinawonongeke wokamba nkhani komanso wopanda vuto. Misombo inayake, munthu wotetezeka komanso mnzake wosamalira achinyengo a dziko la Ampospo, amayesetsa kuletsa wokamba nkhani, amakonzera chiwembu komanso chodetsa. Mitsempha idasesa wokamba nkhani, wophatikizidwa ndi zomwe amatenga m'maso mwa anthu ndipo ngakhale akuwonetsa oweruza. Zinafika poti mdani wa kuzimulungu anawononga zovala zolankhula za wokamba nkhani, zokonzekera zolankhula.
Koma ngakhale zinyazi ndi ziwopsezo sizinakakamize zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe akuwonera: Sanayankhe cholakwalo pawokha, koma amafuna milandu yovomerezeka kukhothi.
Moyo Wanu
Zokhudza wokamba za munthu wazolankhula za Ampospshen yasungidwa pang'ono. Amadziwika kuti zongopeka zimakwatirana ndi anginan. Mwana woyamba ndi wakumbupo, mtsikanayo, adamwalira kuyambira ndili wakhanda. Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo adapatsa buku la ana awiri.Imfa
Moyo wa Amwebusayo udagwera pa nthawi yayikulu ku Greece: dzikolo lidazunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa kwa Makedonia ndipo adagwidwa nthawi zonse. Omwe amachititsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso yokhumudwitsidwa, kuyesera kukakamiza anthu kuti amvetsetse kuti ndondomeko zonenepa ziyenera kukhala zolimbana ndi mdani.
Posachedwa wokambayo adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna: gawo limodzi la mfundozi motsutsana ndi Makedonia. Komabe, panali munthu wankhondo wocheperako, ndipo munthu wachi Greek yemwe anali pa nkhondo yotsatira. Mphamvu idalowa m'manja mwa Makedonia omwe adabweretsa malamulo awo. Ngakhale izi zimenezi, zidachitika kuti zikwane zikulankhule ndi zolankhula motsutsana ndi omwe amalowa.
Zachidziwikire, anthu aku Makedonia sanakonde oor-free-free. Ampions adatenga sentensi ya imfa. Wa Great RTTORIC idayesetsa kupewa tsoka lachisoni ndikusiya likulu, komabe, lidalibe nthawi. Domu mozolowezi anagwira, koma munthu anadzipereka kuti atuluke m'manja mwa amalonda ndipo amatenga poizoni wakupha nthawi imodzi.
Wokamba nkhani wolimba mtima adakhazikitsa chipilala chosakhala kutali ndi kachisi wa Phopadon. Kuphatikiza apo, mwana wamkulu wa Demosfen amafunafuna mwayi wosapereka misonkho. Chifukwa chake, a Atene amalemekeza kukumbukira kwa munthu yemwe sanathe kusokoneza ngozi yakupha.
Nthawi zambiri ma demostifen amafanizidwa ndi wokamba nkhani wina - Cirroro. M'masiku a "miyoyo", Plukucarch adatsimikiza kuti decosphine idasiyanitsidwa kuwongoka ndi kuwona mtima, pomwe Cicro adayesa kukhala wosinthika komanso wocheperako pakuweruza.
Tsopano maumboni osungidwa a Deraloshene amakhalabe zinthu zowoneka, zomwe zimaweruzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Greece cha nthawi, komanso zojambulajambula ndi malamulo omwe amatengera zaka zakutali.
Wolankhula Namponse.
- "Choyamba Olinf"
- "Olinf Chachiwiri"
- "Choyamba Kulankhula Zokhudza Filipo"
- "Kulankhula Kwachiwiri Motsutsana ndi Filipo"
- "Pafupifupi milandu ya Chersonese"
- "Pa Kugawidwa Ndalama"
- "Pa Smins"
- "Pa Ufulu wa Akemani"
- "Kwa megalopolser"
- "Pa mgwirizano ndi Alexander"
- "Kwa knalona za nkhata"
- "Pa mkanyassy yaupandu"