Chiphunzitso
Harry Truman - Purezidenti wa United States of America (zaka za boma kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1953), chifukwa cha ndale za mkati motsatira fiasco. Ndi mfundo zofananira, nkhondo yozizira ndi Soviet Union idatulutsidwa, Trumn adalowa mu nkhaniyo pomwe Mlengi wa Nato ndi wankhondo womenyera ufulu wachikominisi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Purezidenti wamtsogolo wa ku United States adabadwa pa Meyi 8, 1884 mumzinda wa Lamanda (Missouri). Harry ndi ana okalamba atatu a Fermer amalonda a Cercent John Anderson Triman. Banja kwa zaka zingapo ku America, mpaka iye atakhala wodziyimira pawokha, pomwe Harry wamng'ono adapita kusukulu. Mnyamatayo adakondwera kuwerenga mabuku, mbiri ndi nyimbo - adanyamuka nthawi ya 5 koloko m'mawa kuti aphunzire gulu lina la piyano.
Nditaweruka kusukulu, Harry adalembetsa ku koleji ya bizinesi, pomwe, adaphunzirapo kanthu, adaphunzirapo, koma patapita chaka chimodzi adakakamizidwa kusiya kagawo kafukufuku - pofika nthawi yomwe bambo ake adatambasula, adayenera kupanga ndalama. Mnyamatayo adakwanitsa kudziwa zambiri, zidasinthidwa, Banki ya National Commerce, ndipo nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse idagwira ntchito ndi abambo ndi mchimwene ndi agogo a agogo. Pankhondo, adatumizidwa kwa kapitawo.
Atamwalira bamboyo, Truman adatenga famu m'manja mwake, nasintha ndikumasinthasintha kuzungulira kwa mbeu ndi ng'ombe zazikulu. Mofananamo, Harry anayesa kumenyedwa mu bizinesi - adayika m'migodi ya Agree-zinc ku Oklahoma, adakhazikitsa minda yamafuta ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi malo ogulitsa a Kansas City. Komabe, ntchito zamabizinesi sizinaphule kanthu.
Kuyamba Ntchito Yandale
Ndili ndi mgwirizano ndale, Truman adasankhidwabe pa unyamata wake - adadzipangira okha ochirikiza demomorrat. Chifukwa cha thandizo la gawo lamphamvu kwambiri ku South, motsogozedwa ndi Tom Peryastast, komanso ankhondo ankhondo, mu 1922, a Jackson Nayson County Woweruza. Zinali zoyang'anira kuposa kuweruza milandu. Chitsogozo chachikulu cha ntchito chimafotokoza zosowa zachuma: Kusamalira misewu, kuwongolera nyumba kunyumba, kuchotsedwa kwa madzi. Wapampando wa khothi adatenga nkhani zofunika kwambiri za nzika.
Khothi, Truman adathamangitsa mphindi ziwiri, kukhazikika bwino ngati mkulu, ndipo mu 1934, mothandizidwa ndi Peryalapani, adasankhidwa ku nyumba ya ku US. Pokhala wothandizana ndi "njira yatsopano" ya Franklin Roosevelt, adapita kukagwira ntchito ndi mutu wake ndipo adapezanso nthawi yake ku makomiti ake. Kutchuka kumafika kuwululidwa kwa chinyengo panja panjanji, kutenga nawo mbali pokonzekera lamulo pa mayendedwe ndikukhazikitsa lipoti la mpweya.
Mu 1940, roman movutikira, koma osasankhidwabe kwa nyumba ya Senate. Ndondomeko yomwe idapatsidwa utsogoleri wa komitiyo kuti mufufuze pulogalamu yodziwika ya pulogalamu ya National Chithandizo cha National, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaboma kumanenedwa kumapeto kwa mapangano ankhondo. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, dziko lidagwira mawu a Limman:
"Tikaona kuti Germany ipambana, ndiye kuti tikuyenera kuthandiza Russia, ndipo ngati Russia ikupambana, ndipo iyenera kuwapha momwe zingathere, ngakhale kuti sindikufuna kuti tiwone Hitler pamavuto aliwonse."Mu 1944, Roosevelt Yosankhidwa ndi Purezidenti m'malo mwa A Henry Walleza, omwe amasiyanitsa ndi makonda omasulira kuposa omwe amawakhutira ndi chipani cha demokalase. Pankhaniyi, Harry adayang'anira ntchito zankhondo ku America. Harry Truman pa positi ya Purezidenti Wachiwiri wa Purezidenti adatenga masiku 82. Mu Epulo 1945, Roosevelt adamwalira mosayembekezereka, ndipo, malinga ndi Constitution of America, Truman adalanda utsogoleri.
Monga Purezidenti
Ngakhale pali zabwino za zochitikazo, wandaleyu sanali wotchuka ndi anthu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kufufuza kwa anthu. Mu 1951, 23% yokha ya aku America omwe adagwirizana ndi boma, zaka ziwiri atachokapo, anthu 31% adawafotokozera bwino ntchito yovuta.Komabe, pofika pa 80s, mbiri idakonzedwanso, ndipo Pureziroli wa ku US adakwera kupita ku malo amkuwa. Adangotayika ku Franklin Roosevelt ndi John Kennedy, kukhala mkulu wamkazi.
Trumanu adapeza famu yokhala ndi mavuto ovuta: Nkhondoyo inatha, kusamvana kunatha chifukwa cha gawo la Eastern Europe, maubale omwe ali ndi Soviet Union adayamba kuchepa, ndipo m'dziko lalero ndi lofunikira kuti atchere.
Ndale Ndale
Board of Harry Troman imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, adayesa kusiya ndondomeko ndi malamulo olekanitsa anthu pamtundu wa mitundu. Komiti yoyang'aniridwa ndi malamulo a ku African America - kapangidwe kamene kanawonetsa kufanana kwa nzika.
MNDANANA amasamalira kwambiri mavuto azachuma komanso azikhalidwe, kupereka malamulo atsopano. Pulogalamu yotchuka kwambiri ya Purezidenti idatchula dzina "maphunziro abwino". M'malo mwake, polojekitiyi inali "Njira yatsopano" yozungulira Roosevelt.
Kuchulukitsa ndalama zothandizira anthu, kuwongolera mitengo ndi ngongole, kupanga malipiro, kupanga ndalama zaboma, kukhazikitsa ndalama zathanzi, zomwe zimathandizira maphunziro a dzikoli.
Koma, mwatsoka, Harry Truman sanapeze thandizo ku Congress. Buku silinatengedwe, motero ndi ovota ovota adakhumudwitsidwa ndale. Mu 1952, anakana kuti amawakonzera chizolowezi chake chaulamuliro. Patatha zaka 15 zokha, atsogoleri ena adzabweranso ku zinthu za ku Trumen.
Ndondomeko zakunja
Purezidenti adalowa m'mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ngati nkhondo yozizira. Pamapeto pa ubale wachiwiri wapadziko lonse wa America ndi Uscr anayamba kuuza ena zomasulidwa ku Europe. Truman adakwiya ndi Pangano la Yalta Roosevelt ndi Stalin - amakhulupirira kuti yemwe adatsogola kwambiri mtsogoleri wa Soviet.
Pofuna kuwopseza ndi kupeza kulemera kwinanso, America idalengeza za chilengedwe cha bomba, ndikuyika mfundo pankhondo ndi Japan, zida zomwe zasankha kukonzanso ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Ku Tandem ndi UK, maiko adapanga mapulani omwe ali ndi vuto la USSR ku Europe. Chifukwa chake nkhondo yozizira idayamba.
Mu 1947, Truman akuwonetsa chiphunzitso cha "kufooketsa" - njira zingapo zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi chikominisi. Lingaliro pobwerera ku thandizo la ndalama limathandizidwa ndi Turkey ndi Greece.
Mtsogoleri wa US adapanga dongosolo la Marshall, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabiliyoni ambiri m'zaka zonse zachuma chachuma, potero akulonjeza America kukhala gawo lalikulu. Ndipo mu 1949, Nato adabadwa, chipika chomwe chikanateteza chikominisi ku Kukula.
United States kumapeto kwa 40s ndipo kumayambiriro 50s adathandizira France zomwe atsamunda ku Vietnam ndipo adayamba kuchita nawo nkhondo ku Korea. Ndondomeko yaukali yakunja ndi kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo zidakhala chifukwa china chomwe amalumikizana adataya chidaliro mu Truman.
Moyo Wanu
Pakanema andale panali malo ndi moyo wamunthu. Mu 1911, kuchepa kwatango, atatha kulumikizana, adapereka dzanja ndi mtima wa mudzi wokhala ndi ufulu wakudziyimira Wallam. Komabe, mtsikanayo anakana kuyambitsa. Harry adalonjeza kuti abwereranso ku funso lomwe amapeza ndalama zambiri - ndiye chifukwa chake mlimi adagunda bizinesiyo.
Mu Epulo 1919, Trumian anakwatira Osankhidwa. Nthawi zonse, mwamunayo amakhalabe mumthunzi wa nkhondo ya ndale ya amuna awo, nawonso adatenga nawo mbali pamoyo wa Washington. Ngakhale, malinga ndi akatswiri ofufuza, Harry anali atafunsidwa ndi Elizabeti ndi aja andale, makamaka zikadakhala zosankha za boma.
Mwana wamkazi yekhayo wa Mariya Margaret Troman adabadwa muukwati, pambuyo paukwati - Margaret Truman Daniel. Ali mwana, mtsikanayo anali atayamba kugwira ntchito ya woyimbayo, ngakhale anachita nawo nyimbo za symphony, koma, atakwatirana ndi mkonzi wa New York Times, anaika malotowo.
Komabe, mayi wotchukayo adaberekabe - pamalo olembedwa. Peru Margaret ndi a mabuku 32 omwe ali mumitundu, aliyense amakhala wabwino. Mwana wamkazi wa Lipen adatulutsanso za makolo a makolo ndi mndandanda wa zochokera muunyamata womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu White House. Mabuku ali ndi chithunzi chochuluka kuchokera ku zosungidwa za banja la mitengo yamvula. Margaret adapereka bambo wotchuka wa adzukulu a adzukulu anayi, adamwalira mu 2008.
Imfa
Imfa idawopseza iPuman kumbuyo mu 1950. Chakumapeto kwa yophukira, zipatso ziwiri za Prefonika zinayesa kulowa mnyumbamo, koma sizinachitike kwa mlandu - m'modzi mwa Purezidero adabadwira kumoyo womwe adaphedwa, wina amamuweruza kuti akhale m'ndende.
Harry Truman adamwalira pa Disembala 26, 1972 ku Kansas City. Munthu amene adakhala zaka zapamwamba zomwe zinali zomenyedwa ndi chibayo. Mtsogoleri wa 33 wa America amakhala m'bwalo la laibulale ya Lixin.
Kukumbuka
- Wonyamula ku America Wonyamula Uss "Harry S. Triman" (CVN-75)
- Purezidenti wa Purezidenti-Museum of Lipen
- Sukulu ya Sayansi ya Anthu Aler S. Truman
- Yunivesite ya State. Truman ku Missouri
Mabuku
- 1972 - "Harry S. Triman", M. Troman
- 1982 - "Bess V. Triman", M. Triman
- 1994 - "Harry S. Truman: Moyo", R. Ferrell
- 1998 - "munthu odziyimira pawokha", D. Daniels
- 2003 - "Harry S. Truman: Moyo wake ndi nthawi", B.
- 2008 - "Harry S. Triman", R. Dallek
- 2009 - "Harry Trumian", wofalitsa "de Agostini"
- 2016 - "Truman", L. Dibova, Chernavsky
Mafilimu
- 1947 - "33rd Purezidenti wa US Harry Truman"
- 1950 - "Dziko Langa Ndi Inu"
- 1963 - "Opambana"
- 1973 - "Dziko Lankhondo"
- 1980 - "Atomic Cafe"
- 1984 - "kupambana"
- 1988 - "Apanso 18"
- 1994 - "Nkhondo Zathu"
- 1995 - "Trumin"
- 2006 - "mbendera za makolo athu"
- 2004 - "chiphunzitso cha ogula"
- 2008 - "Purezidenti Wokumbukira"