Chiphunzitso
Gregory zaviev - Wotchuka wa Alviet Unician, Revolution ndi membala wa Bolshevik phwando. Munthuyu sanalowe monga mtsogoleri woyamba komanso mtsogoleri wamkati wa Mympity International International Joseph Stalin, mdani wakeyo ndi munthu amene adaganiza za paristiyo kuti agwiritse ntchito wamkulu wa Chitsulo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bigogy ya The Trepress mtsogolo idayamba mumzinda wa Elisovetgrad (tsopano ndi Ukraine Kropyvykyts). Grigory Zanoviev adabadwa pa Seputembara 11, 1883. Dzinalo linapatsidwa kwa mnyamatayo kubadwa - Evsei-Herch. Abambo a Chinoviev, Aaron Radyylylsky, anali ndi mtundu wake wa mkaka.
Ku Dzina lenileni, Ephsey Aaronovich adangomva zaubwana komanso unyamata, kenako chipani cha Grigoriev, shabyky, zaciev, wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotsirizayo adakhala ndi wandale mpaka kalekale.
Chidachiery zainoviev adalandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri apanyumba, monga momwe analiri mwambo m'masiku amenewo pakati pa nzika zobisika. Ali wachinyamata, wachinyamata wina anayambanso kuchita zandale, ndale, mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kale mu 191 mu 1901 anayamba kumvetsetsa sayansi yandale pamoyo, ndipo osati pa masamba a mabungwe, ndipo anali kuyenda kayendedwe ka zinthu za Democratic.
Kusintha
Ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mu 1901, pokhala wamng'ono kwambiri, zaciev analunjika ndi zovuta zingapo komanso ziwonetsero mwa Novorossia. Kuzunzidwa kwa apolisi kunakakamiza Zinoviev kwa kanthawi kunyamuka. Mu 1902, kusinthasintha kumasamukira ku Berlin, kenako nkusamukira ku Paris ndipo, pomaliza, asiya ku Swiss Bern. Pamenepo zaciev imakumana ndi Vladimir Lenin. Misonkhanoyi yakhala yosangalatsa: Kwa zaka zambiri, Grigori Zinoviev adzakhala m'modzi mwa mtsogoleri, loya ndi woimira wake.
Mu 1903, Grigori Zinoviev adalowa nawo paphwando la Bolshevik, kuchirikiza Lenin. Zitachitika izi, kusintha kwawoko kunabwereranso kudziko lakwawo kukatsogolera ntchito yapampeni yapagulu. Chaka chotsatira, zaciev adachokanso mdzikolo, nthawi ino chifukwa cha thanzi.
Mobwerezabwereza kubwerera ku mayi kunachitika mu 1905. Zaiviev adasankhidwa nthawi yomweyo membala wa Komiti ya RSDLP ku St. Petersburg, nawonso adachita nawo pokonzekera ndikusintha kwa 1905. Kuvutikira kwa malingaliro a Bolshevik kunachitika zoposa chaka chimodzi. Mu 1908, a Gregory za Chinoviev adatengedwa mndende, koma patatha miyezi yopusitsa idatulutsidwa pa ufulu chifukwa cha thanzi.
Ufulu uwu walola Zinoviev kuti achoke mdzikolo: pamodzi ndi Vladimir Lenin Zinoviev adapita ku Austria. Kukakamiza kudzikonda mpaka 1917 - mu Epulo Gregory Zinoviev ndi Vladimir Lenin ndi anthu ambiri okonda zofananira, atachita zowopsa sitima zapadera.
Kulimbana kwa mphamvu kumayenda bwino. Boma lakanthawi lidapanga zoyesayesa zaposachedwa kuti zikhale zopambana, koma kusamvana kunayamba m'madera osungirako Bolshevik. Pa msonkhano wapakati wa Komiti yapakatikati, Grigori Zinoviev ndi Lev Kamenev adatsutsa kugwetsa boma kwakanthawi, komwe kudapangitsa Vinnimir Lenin kusakhutira.
Pachinthu ichi, mtsogoleri wa chisinthiko adawona onse oyang'anira malingaliro owoneka bwino komanso mpaka kufalitsa nkhani yopezera zanoviev ndi Kamenev kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka phwandolo. Sizinabwere ku machitidwe a kalasi, koma onse awiriwa anali oletsedwa m'misonkhano m'malo mwa Komiti Yachikulu.
Chisinthiko Pakadali pano adayenda mokwanira - bollsheviks adakwanitsa kujambula mphamvu mu likulu lakumpoto. Ngakhale pali chiphatikiziro cha chilengedwe chosinthira mu Chitukuko cha Bolshevik: Makomiti ogwira ntchitoyo adawafunsa kuti mtembo wina asakhalepo, womwe sungakhale gawo la vladimir Lenin ndi Leo Trotsky.
Maganizo amenewa adatha kupezerapo mwayi za Gregory Zamaviev, Lev Kamenev, komanso othandizira awo Viktor Nogin ndi Alexey Rykov. Gululi lidathandizira zomwe zimafotokozedwa, kutsutsana malingaliro ake mwa kufunika kokwanira kugwirizanitsa kwa othandizira onse okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko. Poyamba, zinkawoneka kuti othandizira a zakeyev ankamvera, koma Lenin ndi woponderezedwa posachedwa anakwanitsa kubwerera kwambiri kumbali yake.
Tsiku lotsatira, zaciev ndi ochirikiza malingaliro ake akungotsala komiti yayikulu ya multion, kulemba mfundo zoyenera. Poyankha, Vladimir Lenin adayitanitsa omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito omwe amayang'anira anzawo ndi zipululu.
Zinkawoneka kuti ntchito yandale ya Gregory inoviev idatha. Komabe, kusintha kwa atsogoleri osayenera komanso odziwa zambiri, ndipo zaciev adabwereranso ndale. Mpaka chisupe cha 1918, adatsogozedwa ndi Peelshhavik Bolshevik Council Council, kenako adagwira nsanamira wa bungwe la Council of theE Logrance, mutu wa dera lakumpoto, mtsogoleri wa dera lakumpoto ndi Wapampando wa komiti yayikulu ya Revolution Defecurteary ku Petorograd.
Mikangano ya Zinoviev ndi Lenin idapitilira: Chinova Chinoviev sanachiritse lingaliro la mtsogoleri kuti ayambitse "zoopsa" zotchedwa angelo a Arotsky ndi V. Vododar. Kuphatikiza apo, zanoviev adanenanso motsutsana ndi lingaliro la Vladimir Ilyich kuti auze likulu la dzikolo kupita ku Moscow.
Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi umboni wa Piriima Sorokina, katswiri wazochitika zachikhalidwe komanso zochitika zamakono za vladiev, yemwe adabweza zoopsa za "zoopsa zofiira kwambiri. ". Malinga ndi madongosolo a Zinoviev, alumbi komanso olemekezeka adawombera, omwe panthawiyo atawaganizira "ophunzira aomweza".
Kuyambira mu 1921 mpaka 1926, a Gregory a Chinoviev anali gawo la mamembala andale. Nthawi zonse wandale amachita ndi malipoti komanso machenjezo ndipo mpaka anayamba kugwira ntchito zosonkhanitsidwa. Mu 1922, zaciev anali woyamba kunena mwayi wa Yosefe Stalin ku positi ya mlembi, wokhala ndi cholinga chosintha leotky.
Komabe, mu 1925, Chinoviev adafotokozera kusakhutira ndi zochita za stalin, kuphatikizapo m'nkhani ya "nzeru za nthawi ya" pravda ". Zotsatira zake zinali kuchotsedwa kwa Zinoviev ku zochitika zandale, kenako kupatula kuphwandoko.
Opanduka andale sanafune za Chinoviev pa Makhalidwe A Gregory pa Makhalidwe Ake: Kutembenukira kwa kusintha kwawo kumachitika mu zomwe amachita komanso mu 1928 adachira m'magulu a maphwando. Kwa zaka zinayi, Zachiquev adaphunzitsidwa ku Yunivesite ya Kazan, ndikutumiza malowa, zolemba zofalitsidwazo ndikumva bwino.
Komabe, makina owopsa, adayambitsidwa pa thandizo lake, adamufikira. Mu 1932, Chinoviev adamangidwa ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti akhale zaka zinayi. Chaka chotsatira, chilangocho chidathetsedwa. Zinkawoneka kuti namondwe adachitika pafupi ndi phwandolo, koma mu 1934 zaviev anayembekeza kumangidwa kumene ndi sentensi yoyipa.
Moyo Wanu
Poona zithunzi zomwe zasungidwa, Gregory Zinoviev sanali munthu wokongola, koma ndinali ndi chidwi cha munthu womugwiritsa ntchito. Mkazi woyamba wa Chinoviev adakhala Sara, ku Bolshevik mabwalo, olga. Mayiyo adathandizira mnzanuyo kuti azichita zinthu mosinthasintha komanso ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali anali nthumwi ya mkati mwa dera lakumpoto.
Maubwenzi mu ukwati woyamba usakapita, ndi agigoviev adakwatirananso. Nthawi ino mfundo inali njira ya Lilina, yomwe imadziwika pansi pa phwandolo pseud livin.
Levin adagawananso malingaliro okondana anthu omwe amalimbikitsidwa, kukhala antchito a "nyenyezi" ya nyuzipepala komanso "zowona". M'banja lachiwiri, a gistoviev anabadwa mwana wamwamuna. Mnyamatayo adakhala ndi moyo wachidule - ali ndi zaka 29, Stefano adawomberedwa.
Mnzake wachitatu wa Chinoviev adakhala Evgenia Lasman. Chikondwerero cha mkazichi chimakhala chosakanikirana: Eugene Yakovlevna adamangidwa mobwerezabwereza ndipo adatha zaka pafupifupi 20 m'ndende.
Imfa
Disembala 16, 1934 a Gregory a Ginoviev adamangidwa. Chiwonetserochi sichinachotsedwe ku magulu a gululo ndipo anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka khumi. Makalata a ku Chinoviev anasungidwa, anakambidwa kwa Joseph Stalin, pomwe Zinoviev adapempha chifundo ndikutsimikiza kuti idalapa.
Patatha zaka ziwiri, mu 1936, zaciev adaweruzidwa kuti alange chilango chachikulu kwambiri. Ogasiti 26 wa chaka chomwecho cha mfundo zakale zomwe zidawombera. Omwe adakumana ndi mboni zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pake adzalemba kuti Wipeppower a Ofvolish Adzakwaniritsidwa Poyerekeza ndi Revolution Mphindi Mphindi: Akanayesedwa kuti athetse kuphedwayo ndipo sakanatha kusiya.
Kuphedwa kunaperekedwa ndi mutu wa NKVD Henry Broda, komanso antchito a dipatimenti yomweyo Nikolai Ezhov ndi Karl Pluker. Ziwerengero zitatuzi za tsoka lam'tsogolo zinatha zaka zawo komanso za Chinoviev: adawomberedwa ndi zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Dzina la Gregory Chinoviev lidakonzedwanso pa Julayi 13, 1988 ponena za Khothi Lalikulu la Soviet Union.
Mafilimu
- 1927 - "Okutobala"
- 1951 - "MTIMA WA 1919"
- 1983 - "mabelu ofiira"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- 2004 - "Ana a Arbatt"
- 2013 - "Stalin Nafe"
- 2017 - "Kututhuwa"
- 2017 - "Kusintha Kwa Ziwanda"
M'bali
- 1918 - "Austria ndi Nkhondo Yadziko"
- 1920 - "Nkhondo ndi Zovuta za Dzikolissis"
- 1925 - "Bolshevization - kukhazikika"
- 1925 - "Mbiri ya Revolution Revolution Yairsian"
- 1925 - "Leninism"
- 1926 - "Nkhondo, Revimiciation ndi Menshevism"