Chiphunzitso
Nyimbo - Izi ndizomwe zimathandizira kusokonezedwa ndi kukangana kwa imvi ndikupeza mphamvu ngakhale panthawi zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, palibe chodabwitsa chifukwa choti opanga, oimba ndi oimba adawerengedwa nthawi zonse - nthawi zonse nthawi yachisangalalo komanso mu yunivesite.
Zindikirani kuti ndibwino kukweza mawonekedwe ndi nyimbo zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka, jazi. Izi zikufotokoza chifukwa chake mayina a oimbawo amakonda Liuis Armstrong, Ray Brown, holide ya Billy ndi Duke Ellington amadziwika ndi lero.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Edward Kennedy (kotero itanani Jazzman wodziwika bwino) adabadwa likulu la United States of America. Zinachitika pa Epulo 29, 1899. Mnyamatayo anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kubadwa mu banja la wofesa wa chikho choyera cha James Edward Elllington Ellington Ellington. Malo a abambo adapanga mnyamatayo ku mavuto omwe Amereka aku America adakumana nawo.
M'malo mwake kuchokera kwa chimbudzi, mayiyo adayamba kuphunzitsa masewerawa a Edward (iye yekhayo adasewera, ndipo nthawi zina amachitanso pamisonkhano ya tchalitchi). Pazaka zakhumi zisanu ndi zinayi, mwana adalemba mphunzitsi waluso kwambiri piyano.
Ntchito zanu mnyamatayo ayamba kulemba mu 1910. Ntchito yoyamba idasungidwa masiku ano akutchedwa Soda Fontain Rag. Izi zidalembedwa mu 1914. Mu sodan motonda, mutha kuwona chidwi cha nyimbo zovina (makamaka, kwa ragtaym) nthawi imeneyo.
Nditamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu yapadera, Edward adagwira ntchito ndi wojambula zithunzi. Ntchitoyi ndi yopanda pake, ndalama zokwanira - mnyamatayo amamulamula kuti alandire boma, koma ntchito imeneyi sinabweretse kenness kuti masewerawa. Zotsatira zake, Edward adajambula zaluso, pokana ngakhale kuyambira positi yake ku Prat Institute.
Kuyambira mu 1917, achinyamata achichepere amapeza ndalama ndi nyimbo, mofananamo akuphunzira zokambirana zamizinda yochokera ku Meturopolitan Piyano.
Nyimbo
Gulu lake loyamba kuwonekera m'chaka cha 1919. Kuphatikiza pa kudzikweza, gulu linali lixophonist Otto Movuta komanso madmemer Sonny Greer. Pambuyo pake, Liperuter Arthur Wandsol adagwirizana nawo.
Nthawi ina, magwiridwe awo adamva mwini wake wa New York Bar, yemwe adafika ku likulu la zochitika. Anandiuza kuti agwirizane ndi mgwirizano, malinga ndi momwe angafunikire kudzachita kuchokera kwa iye kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo mwini bala amatsimikizira oimbawo kwa anthu onse komanso kulandira zabwino. Kennedy ndi kampaniyo inavomera kale mu 1922 iwo adayamba kugwira ntchito ku Harlem Bar "Barron" ngati quarttot "Washington".
Za anyamata adalankhula. Anapemphedwa kuti alankhule ndi mabungwe ena, mwachitsanzo, ku Hollywood Club, yomwe ili pa nthawi. Malipirowo adalola kuti apitilize maphunziro awo kuchokera kwa abwana a keyboard.
Kupambana kwa "Washingtonian" kunawapatsa mwayi wotenga nawo gawo lodziwitsa anthu ambiri am'deralo - onse omwe ali ndi anthu opanga komanso otchuka. Kuti mufanane ndi New Yarks, Kennedy adayamba kuvala zovala zowala komanso zodula, zomwe amalandila dzina loseketsa kuchokera kwa anzawo (omasuliridwa kuti "Huke").
Mu 1926, omwe adadziwana nawo Edward ndi miliri ya Irwin, yomwe pambuyo pake idakhala woyang'anira nyimbo. Kunali mphero ulangizidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito munthuyo m'malo mwa dzina lenileni lopanga pseudomm, kutengera dzina ndi maimelo a Atate. Komanso, popereka malangizo a Irvin Duke, adasinthiratu wobadwa kwa Jazz Ensemble "Washington" ku Duke Ellington ndi Orchestra yake.
Mu 1927, Ellington ndi gulu lake adasamukira ku New York Jaz Club Club Club, komwe adatenga ulendo woyamba nyimbo. Munthawi imeneyi, zokambirana ngati Creole chikondi cha chikondi, chakuda ndi tan zongopeka ndi mooche zidalembedwa.
Mu 1929, "Duke Ellington ndi orkchestra" wochitidwa pa rorence shop theatre. Nthawi yomweyo pa RCA Reclecy Record (tsopano, gawo la chisangalalo cha Sony Nyimbo) zidalembedwa ndi mawonekedwe a Indigo amagwira ntchito, ndipo orchestra imatha kumva payilesi nthawi zambiri pamawayilesi.
Mu 1931, ulendo woyamba wa Jazz wogombe wa Ellington unachitika. Patatha chaka chimodzi, SUke ndi orchestra adachita ku Yunivesite ya Columbia. Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi imeneyi pa moyo wa woimbayo unali khomo la ntchito yake, chifukwa ndi pomwe adalemba ntchito zake zodziwika bwino zomwe sizitanthauza kanthu ("zonse zopanda tanthauzo") ndi okonda nyenyezi ("Okonda achisoni").
M'malo mwake, Duke adakhala woyambitsa mtunduwo, akulemba mu 1933 nyengo yamkuntho ndi donal. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwaluso ndi zomwe akuimbazi, Ellington adakwaniritsa munthu, palibe mawu ofanana. Oimba Akuluakulu mu Gulu la Huke Ndi Saxophonist John Hodgez, Tribuch Frank a Jenkins ndi thymebon Juan Tizol.
Mu 1933, oimba ndi oimba ake amapita kukaona zoyambirira za ku Europe, chochitika chachikulu cha komwe chinali chochita ku London Codert holo "Palladium". Mukamalankhula za Hllington ndi orchestra yake muholo, anthu omwe adapezeka ndi magazi achifumu, omwe Duke anali ndi mwayi wolankhulirana pambuyo pake.
Kuuziridwa ndi kupambana kwaulendo waku Europe, oimbawo amapita ku Watsopano - nthawi ino yoyamba ku South America, kenako kumpoto. Pamapeto pa ulendowu, Ellington amalemba zogunda zatsopano - kapangidwe kake ka Turavan ("Caravan"). Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwake, Duke amalandila mutu wa Worser yoyamba ku America.
Koma chingwe choyera choyera chinasintha chakuda - mu 1935 bambo a Duke adamwalira. Zinakhudza kwambiri woimbayo - vuto lopanga lidayamba ndi Ellington. Komabe, a Duke adatha kumugonjetsa polemba zokongoletsera zokonzanso mu tempo, zomwe zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zonse zomwe Duk adachita kale.
Mu 1936, Ellington adalemba nyimbo za filimuyi - riboni iyi inali yopanga Sam Shood ndi nthabwala ndi abale a maudindo akulu. Mu 1938, Duke adagwira ntchito yochititsa chidwi cha philharmonic sychestra, yemwe amakhala ku hotelo ya Saint-Reggie.
Chaka chotsatira, oimba atsopano atakumana ndi Wen-Saxponist Bebster ndi mnzake Jim Bimmani adathiridwa mu gulu la Ellington. Anyamata awiri adasintha mawu a Duke Orchestra, yemwe adamulimbikitsa kuti azikhala ndiulendo watsopano waku Europe. Woyimba nyimbo amayamikiridwa kwambiri ku English Cypold Stolat ndi Russian Worser Stravinskyky.
Mu 1942, Ellington alemba nyimbo za tepi "m'mitambo", ndipo mu Januwale chaka chamawa akutola holo ya Carnegie ku New York ku New York. Ndalama zochokera ku konsatiyo inapita kukasunga Soviet Union pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Pambuyo pa chidwi chachiwiri padziko lapansi, anthu onse ku Jazi adayamba kugwa - anthu adamizidwa munthawi ya kukhumudwa komanso mantha. Nthawi yina, Duke adakwanitsa kuchita ndikulipira ndalama zomwe akuchita (nthawi zina ngakhale m'thumba mwake), koma pamapeto pake, oyimba okhumudwitsidwa onse. Ellington adayamba kugwira ntchito yanthawi yayitali mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo zolembera mafilimu.
Komabe, mu 1956, a Duke adatha kubwerera ku jazi, akuchita pamadyerero amtundu ku Newport. Pamodzi ndi Arranger William Storihorn Straihorn Straihorn ndi ochita masewera atsopano, Ellington adakondweretsa omvera omwe ali ndi dona ndi theka osangalatsa, kutengera ntchito za William Shakespeare.
Ma Sixties a zaka zana lomaliza atakhala pachiwopsezo chachiwiri pantchito yaimba - nthawi imeneyi Duke adapereka mphoto khumi ndi umodzi "motsatana. Mu 1969, Ellington adalandira dongosolo la ufulu. Mphotho ya Duke idaperekedwa ndi Purezidenti wa Purezidenti wa US Richard Nixon. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zaka zitatu m'mbuyomu, Ellington anali woperekedwa ndi Purezidenti wina - Ligon Johnson.
Moyo Wanu
Duke adakwatirana koyambirira - Julayi 2, 1918 (nthawi imeneyo, munthuyo anali khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi). Mkazi wake anakhala Edna Thompson, muukwati womwe Ellington ankakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.
Pa Marichi 11, 1919, mnyamata adabadwa. Mwanayo adatchedwa Mercer.
Imfa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, a Duke adamva kuwawa pogwira ntchito pa filimuyo "kusinthana kwamalingaliro", koma kenako woimbayo sanamvere chidwi. Mu 1973, Ellington adapezeka khansa yam'mapapo. Chaka chotsatira adatenga chibayo ndikuthamanga.
Pa Meyi 24, 1974, a Jazzman sanatero. Ellington adaikidwa m'manda m'masiku atatu ku New York Grathol Goodlon, yomwe ili mu bronx.
Duke'omdusty duke adapatsa mphotho ya pulkitzer, ndipo mu 1976 likulu la dzina lake kutchalitchi cha Lutheran wa St. Peter. Pakatikati amakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zowunikira nthawi zowala za oimbayo.
Kudegeza
- 1940 - Okeh ellington
- 1944 - Wakuda, wa bulauni & beige
- 1952 - Uku ndi Duke Ellington ndi Orchestra
- 1957 - mu mellotone
- 1959 - Gawo la chikondwerero
- 1964 - The Great Secton London
- 1964 - 1 koloko imadumpha
- 1968 - ndipo amayi adamutcha Bill
- 1972 - Ellington Suites