Chiphunzitso
Wolemba Britain Anthony Burgess amadziwika kwa owerenga dziko lonse lapansi monga wolemba buku la bukuli ". Chikondwerero cha wolemba, yemwe adapanga buku la eccentric zonena za ulranasili, zinali zovuta kwambiri: Mkazi wake wapakati adasanthula anayi osadziwika, ndipo wolemba adakumana ndi matenda oposa makumi atatu.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Anthony Anthony Burgess adabadwa pa February 25, 1917 osati pabanja lolemera kwambiri. Bambo wa wolemba mtsogolo amagwira ntchito yowerengera ndalama, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata, iye adakhala pansi kumbuyo kwa piyano m'bwalo lakomweko, kotero kuti mwina osachepera mapaundiwo abwezeretsa bajeti yabanja. Wolemba wa wolemba "nthawi yodziwika" anali wofunitsitsa nyimbo komanso mwaulere, nthawi idapereka maphunziro a mawu.
Zowona, burgess sanamve mawu a kholo. Mkaziyo adamwalira mwadzidzidzi mliri wa fuluwenza udakulira mumzinda. Anthony nthawi imeneyo anali wazaka pafupifupi ziwiri.
Posakhalitsa mutu wa banjali unalowa muukwati ndi mwini wake wa bar, momwe iye ankakonda kugwira ntchito. Atamaliza ntchito yowerengera ndalama, munthu adayamba kupeza ndalama pogulitsa ndudu ndi fodya.
Ngakhale amayi ondipeza adapanga bizinesi yochokera kwa iye yekha, ndipo abambo ake amalumidwa, momwe angathere, kudyetsa banja, kudyetsa ndi maphunziro a begess sanachite. Sizikudziwika kuti tsogolo la Anthony likadapangidwa ngati sanasamalire azakhali ake.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 20, mutu wa banjali wamwalira ndipo wolemba adatsala yekha ndi dziko lalikulu, lazachidakwa. Pokambirana ndi nthumwi za ofalitsa nkhani, wolemba ananena kuti nthawi yaunyamata adakhalabe abwenzi, ndipo kucheza ndi anzawo kunali kovuta.
Pasukuluyi, mnyamatayo amamukhumudwitsa. Malingaliro ofananawo oterewa adapangidwa m'masiku oyamba ophunzitsira, pomwe adapezeka kuti anzanga akusukulu anali ovuta kuwerenga, ndipo anthony amadziwa bwino dipuloma ndi masamu.
Ngakhale kuti anzanu akusukulu adanyalanyaza zomwe amakonda, zochulukira zomwe adagogoda m'gulu la zigawengazo nthawi zambiri zimamenya berjem yotsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe awo. Pofuna kusokoneza malingaliro opweteka ndipo musasiye mutu wa kukhumudwa, anthony atamvetsera nyimbo. Amadziwika kuti nyimbo zoyambirira zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cholemba cholemba chinali chowala cha Clude Debuussy, masana otchedwa "masana."
Komabe, nyimbo nthawi zonse zimakhala zosangalatsa. Monga gawo lazochita zaukadaulo, burgess anasankha kuphunzitsa. Nditamaliza maphunziro ku koleji yakomweko, Anthony anakhalabe kumeneko kwa mphunzitsi komanso m'zaka zingapo amaphunzitsa ophunzira Chingerezi ndi mabuku.
Nthawi yatsopano yopanga bercess idadziwika ndi kuyamba kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mukamagwira ntchito yankhondo, Anthony adadziwonetsa ngati msirikali wosasamala kwambiri. Nthawi zonse ankalanditsa kudzudzula ndi kutuluka.
Mnyamatayo adaponya mutu kuchokera kwa mkuluyo, pamenepo ndi changu chachangu chotere kuti wina am'mwetsanda chifukwa cha ayezi wake wopanda pake. Chipululu chinakhala cholakwika chachikulu kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa sabata, mnyamatayo adapita kukaona bwenzi lake, Luela Jones, ndipo adayiwala kubwerera pa nthawi yoikika. Mothandizidwa ndi wosuntha, opaka kusaka anayambitsidwa, koma posakhalitsa mnyamatayo adawonekera.
Malembo
Ntchito yokhayo ya bergess, yomwe imaphatikizidwa m'ndandanda wagolide wa mabuku achilendo, adakhala buku "la oradi". Ntchitoyi ndi antirotical antiropia yomwe imakamba za gulu la achinyamata omwe ankhanza omwe ankhanza amachitanso nsanje.
Monga momwe wolemba mwini pambuyo pake analankhula, bukuli linali kukankha ululu. Atagwira ntchito, wolemba anafuna kuchotsa zokumbukira zosasangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kugwiriridwa kwa mkazi wake.
Ndizofunikira kuti miyezi ingapo isanapangidwe "malalanje otchire", burgesha adapita leningrad, momwe adakumana ndi masitayelo. Pambuyo polumikizana nawo, wolemba adapanga "mbawala" - chilankhulo chopeka kwa achinyamata a ku Britain, maziko omwe amasokoneza mawu achi Russia ndi mawu - malchik - korova - Corova - Hot " ).
Komabe, zovuta zazikulu kwa owerenga sizinali kumvetsetsa mawu ndi mawu, koma lingaliro la bukulo. Wolembayo ankakhulupirira kuti kukhala wabwino kwambiri kuti ndi wosadalirika kwa munthu, komanso kukhala woipa kwambiri.
Poyamba, malalanje a "koloko la oloti" anali ndi mitumita 21, komaliza kwa iwo, munthu wamkulu amasintha njira zake ndipo amalowa njira yokonza. Zowona, m'modzi mwa ofalitsa aku American oterewa adawoneka ngati zochuluka kwambiri, ndipo adadula gawo lomaliza kuchokera pamanja.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'chidule "chozungulira lalanje" chotchinga ndi Stanley Kubrick. Kanemayo, amajambula potengera ntchitoyi, adawona Kuwala mu 1962, ndipo gawo lalikulu lidapangitsa kuti Malcolm a Malcolm McDael.
M'chaka cha 1962, pa zowerengera zidabwera buku "laveni". Mu chilengedwe ichi, burgess adawonetsa mawonekedwe ake mwanzeru, pofotokoza zamtsogolo zomwe kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuwonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti anthu akumva njala, kubereka ana kumawoneka ngati mlandu, ndipo kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumaonedwa.
Mu 70s ndi 80s, anthta adatuta mabuku 30 a "nthaka padziko lapansi", omwe otsutsa omwe adadziwika bwino kwambiri. Mmenemo, nkhaniyi imachitika m'malo mwa mwana wazaka makumi asanu ndi atatu akuchita bwino ndi olemba amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, Kennet Tumi.
Amakhulupirira kuti prototype ya munthu wamkulu anali moem. Bukuli lilinso loseketsa pamabuku ambiri ofunika padziko lapansi.
Mu 1988, chitsulo cha Roma "chinafalitsidwa, chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndi nthano ya Mphliobir. Ntchitoyi ndi banja losangalatsa la banja, lomwe limasimba za moyo wa mibadwo ingapo ya mibadwo yodabwitsa ya ku Russian "Clan".
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1942, a Anthony adakwatirana ndi asherwood a Jones. Mapeto a Banja ndi LUELA, chinthu choopsa chomwe chinachitika: atsikana oyembekezera adagwiririra ndikumenya gulu la American American An American.
Zikuwoneka kuti, amoyo amafuna kuti abera munthu wopanda chitetezo (ngakhale mayiyo anali ndi mphete yaukwati yokha kuchokera pamitengo yaukwati yochokera ku zinthu zamtengo wapatali), koma zimangotenga komwe sanasiye malo okhala m'thupi.
Luela adataya mwana ndikukhumudwa kwambiri, komwe sikunatuluke mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku. Komanso, atagwiririra, mtsikanayo anayamba kuzunzidwa nthawi zambiri, chifukwa anayamba kuchititsa magazi.
Mkazi wa Bergess amagona pa zakumwa zolimba, amakhala odalirika. Kuyesa kusokoneza phirilo ndi mowa ndiko chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chidayambitsa imfa ya Luela: mu 1968, mnzake wa wolemba adamwalira ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Chimodzimodzi mu 1968, Burgass anakwatira kachiwiri. Nthawi ino mkazi wa wolemba anali mfumukazi ya ku Italy inatchedwa Liana. Mkazi womvetsetsa ali ndi mfundo yoti mwamuna wake nthawi zambiri anali kunyumba.
Dona wachichepereyo anakwera mozungulira nyumbayo, Anthony anachita nawo mbali yolankhula, analemba nkhani za m'manyuzipepala aku Britain. Mu 1970-197, Burje, pophunzitsa ku Princeton University. Mu 1972, wolembayo adapereka gawo la zolembedwa za Gatri ku Minneapolis, ndipo atakhala zaka zitatu adayamba kuphunzira ku New York ku Buffalo ku Buffalo.
Imfa
Ngakhale kufa kwa Luela asanatsutsidwe, mavutowo omwe ali ndi thanzi la onse ndi kuphatikizika. Mwa imodzi, osati tsiku lofunika kwambiri la anthony lotazindikira pakuphunzira. Zotsatira zake zinali zokhumudwitsa: Bergess adapeza neoplasm mu ubongo. Madokotala adakhulupirira kuti Anthony adakhalabe ndi moyo wopitilira chaka chimodzi.
Mapeto ake anakambitsa wolemba ku chiyambi cha zochitika zolembedwa. Anafuna kugwiritsa ntchito masiku ake amagawidwa ndipo adayamba kulemba ndi liwiro lodabwitsa. Mabukuwa adatuluka pansi pa cholembera chake pankhani ya masiku.
Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti madotolo anali atalakwitsa, ndipo Anthony anamwalira mzaka 33 (Novembara 22, 1993) Adotolo atamupangitsa kuti asinthe. Ndipo imfa sikhala chifukwa cha chotupa mu ubongo, koma chifukwa cha khansa yam'mapapo. Panthawi imeneyi, adakwanitsa kulemba mabuku makumi asanu, zolemba zambirimbiri, kwa ophunzira komanso maphunziro angapo a mbiri yakale Yames Joyce ndi William Shakespeare.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa, koma wolemba wotchuka anali wokonda nyimbo. Malinga ndi Biograpars, Burgess adasiya ntchito 175, zomwe zilipo, zomwe zilipo Batani, Symphony komanso ngakhale opera.
M'bali
- 1949 - "Masomphenya Akunkhondo"
- 1956 - "nthawi ya tiger"
- 1958 - "Mdani Wogona"
- 1960 - "Ufulu Woyankha"
- 1960 - "Dr. Bolen"
- 1961 - "Kuyamidwa Kumata Amodzi"
- 1962 - "Olide otchire"
- 1962 - "Mbewu yowonera"
- 1963 - "Mr. ENRERY kuchokera mkati"
- 1963 - "Wokondedwa pa zimbalangondo"
- 1976 - "Njira Yatali Kumwera Tikazi"
- 1979 - "Munthu Wa Kuzarete"
- 1988 - "Chitsulo, Chitsulo Chachisanu"