Chiphunzitso
Mkazi amene anabadwa wachisangalalo kukonda ndi kukhala wokondedwa, adzutse ana, kuphunzira kukongola. Mkazi yemwe Mchoke wake anali ndi mavuto ngati amenewa ndi zovuta zomwe zingasweke ngakhale amuna amphamvu. Chifukwa chake, wotsutsa wotsutsa komanso womenyera ufulu wa Lev Copliellev za Evgenia Ginzburg adawonekera. Nkhani ya wolemba nkhaniyo ndi mtolankhani wina ndi umboni wa chipongwe choyipa choopsa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Evgenia Solomonovna Ginzburg adabadwa mu Disembala 1904 ku Moscow. Pazaka zisanu, banjali linasamukira ku Kazan, komwe Mlongo Evgenia - Natalia adabadwa. Makolo Solomon Abramovich ndi Rabeka Markovna chisanachitike chisanachitike. Banja la Ginzburg limadziwa bwino ndipo limalemekezedwa ku Kazan. Monga momwe zinthu zilili, abambo ndi amayi amafuna kuti atumize mwana wamkazi wamkulu kuti akaphunzire zakunja - ku Yunivesite ya Geneva, koma malingaliro akusokoneza kusintha kwa 1917.
Evgenia adalandira maphunziro ku yunivesite ya Kazan ndi Eastern Phuleogied SCology ndi mbiri yakale. Atatha kumapeto kwa Institute, adateteza malingaliro ake, adagwira ntchito yaudindo - adagwira ntchito ngati mutu wa dipatimenti yaofesi ya nyuzipepala ya "Red Chitar", komanso amaphunzitsanso mbiri ya zipani. Ginzburg anali ndi mbiri ya Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani, panthawi yomwe amakhala ku Kazan, Tatorsky amatopa.
Ali ndi zaka 28, monga mphunzitsi wa sayansi yaboma ikuyenera kulowa m'gulu la chikominisi. Popita pambuyo pake adalemba, ngati adalamulira, amampatsa moyo. Mlongo wake wa Natalia anasankha njira yasayansi - idakhala yachikhalidwe cha anthu, anagwira ntchito ku Leingrad wazachuma ndi chuma, ndipo adalemba ndakatulo.
Chilengedwa
Ponena za kuyankhula za zolemba zolembedwa za Stalin, choyambirira kuyimbira foni - Varlam Shalamov, Alexander Sozhenov, Alexander Sozhenitsn. Koma zopembedza za Evgenia Ginzburg "njira yozizira" - umboni womwewo wa zowopsa za zomwe zili ndi kulimba mtima kwaumunthu. Mu ntchitoyi, idawonetsedwa ndi onse omwe adawona ndikudziwana ndi mayi uyu kwa zaka khumi ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zotchulidwa.
Buku la Autobiogragragraphical silikumbukira kwathunthu za wozunzidwayo, m'malo mwake, zolemba za wopenyererayo. Chidwi cha Ginsburg pamoyo chimenecho chomwe chimatsegulira m'ndende chomwe chimathandizira kusokoneza mavuto awo. Zinthu zakuthambo za kukhalapo zidatulutsidwa zonunkhira ndikukakamiza kuyang'ana kwatsopano pamaubwenzi a anthu. Zomwe zinali zofunikira kuti mukhale ndi ndodo yamkati, kuti musamadzimvera chisoni, koma kukumbukira ndakatulo ndi, monga momwe analembera m'mutu wachisanu ndi chiwiri ". Galimoto yachisanu ndi chiwiri", kuti achite zofanana pakati pa onyenga.
Gawo loyamba la "seaprau" lidalembedwa mu 1967, nthawi yomweyo idagawika kwambiri ku Soviet Union Saizdat. Lachiwiri lidawona Kuwala mu 1975-1977. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, koma wopanda wolemba wolemba, bukuli lidafalitsidwa ku Italy. Akuluakulu a USSR adayesa kubalanda kufalitsa "njira" yokha mu 1988.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, kukhala ku Lviv, Ginsburg adalemba mtundu wina wa "Steep" - "pansi pa Pini wa mapiko", wakuthwa komanso wovuta kwambiri komanso wosalolera. Koma mu 1965 adawononga zolemba ndi zolemba zake, kuwopa kumangidwa kwatsopano ndi maulalo atsopano.
Kutengera bukulo ndi mkulu wotchuka wa Galina Volchea, magwiridwe antchito "ozizira" adapulumutsidwa. Maudindo a nyenyezi za ku Russia ndi Cinema Marina Aneedova, Nina Doroshin, Alla Pookrovskaya. Mu 2009, mgwirizano wa mabinetograpari ochokera ku Germany, Poland ndi Belgium adayesa kuchotsa kanema wozikidwa pa bukuli, koma osagonjetsa omvera ambiri.
Ku Lviv, komwe banja limasamukira atakonzanso, ntchito yolemba za Ginzburg idapangidwa. Nyumbayi yakhala, m'zigawo za salon, komwe kunali anthu ambiri fanizo la mzindawu likupita. M'madera enawo, magazini "ndi" dziko latsopano "lasindikizidwa ndi nkhani zake, nkhaniyo" ntchito ya "achinyamata". Ntchito zina za Ginzburg inatuluka muzosindikizidwa pansi pa pseud. Aksenov.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo Wanu Evgenia Ginzburg ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri ngati nthawi yomwe amakhala. Zaka 20, mtsikanayo adakumana ndi dokotala wa leningry fedorov, yemwe adamkwatira. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, mwana wamwamuna wa Alexey adabadwa, koma patapita kanthawi banjali lidasweka. Abambo ndi mwana anamwalira mu 1941 mu Blocade Leningrad.
Mu 1930s Ginzburg monga nthumwi ya Pedagogical Institute, komwe iye amagwira ntchito, nawo gawo limodzi pamsonkhano wa zipani ku Moscow. Kumeneku anakumana ndi mwamuna wake wachiwiri Paulo Aksenov. Mu 1932, mwana wamwamuna adabadwa mwana wamwamuna wa m'mimba.
Pavel Aksenov adagwira ntchito yabwino pamzere wa chipani: anali mtsogoleri wa gulu la Kazan City Council, membala wa komiti ya Chitata a CPU. Banja lidaperekedwa ndi nyumba yochezera, galimoto yautumiki, nanny imayang'aniridwa mwamphamvu.
Chilichonse chasintha kwambiri mu 1935, ataphedwa kwa Sergei Kirov, mutu wa Parlor. Izi zinakhala chifukwa chotsukira mizere yathunthu, kuzindikira "kusadalirika". Kuyitana koyamba kwa Eugene kunamveka pamene adadzudzulidwa kuti sanadziwitse mnzake - wopopera Efesova, yemwe anali kugwira ntchito muofesi ya Red Taltia. Evgenia adalengeza za kudzudzula, kupatula paphwandopo ndikuchotsa kuchokera ku chiphunzitso.
Mu 1937, Ginzburg adamangidwa, pambuyo pake Aksenov. Onsewa, kukhala amiseche omutsatira malingaliro achikomyunizimu, ankaganizira za kumangidwa koopsa. Kukhalako patsamba 58, Evgenia Ginzburg adatumizidwa ku Kolyma. Malingaliro omaliza a msasa amatha kutchedwa kuti kupambana, chifukwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nkhani yotere zidawomberedwa kwambiri.
Pomaliza, Eugene adagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuchipatala chamsasa. Adokotala Antn Walter amagwira ntchito kumeneko. Ndi iye Ginzburg adayamba kukhala ndi ufulu atamasulidwa mu 1947 zaka zotsala za m'makadan. Adapeza mwana wawo wamwamuna mwamwano kuti aloledwe kubwera kwa iye. Pamodzi ndi Walter, mtsikana a Antonina adayambitsidwa.
A Antonina ndi mnzake wa A Aronid Filatov ndi Ivan Dykhovichny, katswiri wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amakhala ku Germany. Pamene anali kunena zokambirana, mayiyo sanadikire bambo a Visili, atauzidwa kuti Paulo anawomberedwa. Vasaly Aksenova atangomangidwa komwe adakhazikitsidwa kumalo osungirako ana amasiye, komwe abale a abambo ake omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu adatengedwa, ataletsa mwana wamwamuna ndi dzina lake.
Mu 1949, yevgeny Ginzburg adamangidwanso. Nthawi iyi "Lucky" zambiri - pamapeto pake imatha mwezi. Apanso, kuwopseza kwa kumangidwa kukanjana m'chigawo cha 1953, ndipo sitalin kokha komwe kunaletsa kuseka kwamphamvu. Mu 1952, Eugene adabwezeretsa pang'ono maufulu, mu 1954 adakonzanso, koma kwa zaka khumi adaletsedwa kukhala m'mizinda yayikulu (Ginzburg adatha kusamukira ku Moscow mu 1966). Walter adakonzanso mu 1958, ndipo patapita chaka chimodzi, bambo adamwalira.
Evgenia Ginzburg, malinga ndi mwana wawo wamkazi, anali kuyang'ana kwambiri, anthu amakhala ndi chidwi ndi chikhazikitso, kukhala ndi chiyembekezo cha malingaliro, kukhala ndi chiyembekezo, mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya chifuniro. Moyo wabanja unamangidwa pakulambira kwa mwana wa mwamva, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala dziko lapansi. Vasily Aksenov ndi wolemba, wolemba mabuku, wolemba ntchito wotchuka kwambiri.
Anawafunsanso kuti amadziwa zofooka za ufulu wa ufulu. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, wolemba adachoka mdzikolo. Asanamusiye, kuyesera kunapangidwa, pambuyo pake kwa bukuli "chilakolako chodabwitsa". Mu 1970s, mwana wa Ginzburg adakwanitsa kuyendera Germany ndi France. Pa netiweki yopezeka kwaulere zithunzi za banja.
Imfa
Evgenia Ginzburg adamwalira mu 1977. Choyambitsa kufa chinali khansa ya m'mawere, wolemba matendawa adabisala. Anaikidwa m'manda ku Kuzminkyky ku Moscow.M'bali
- 1927 - "Kuwerenga kwa Okutobala ku Sukulu Yachiwiri"
- 1963 - "Chifukwa chake. Maumboni aphunzitsi "
- 1967 - "Njira yozizira", gawo i
- 1975-1977 - "Njira yozizira", gawo ii