Chiphunzitso
Kwa mbiri yaying'ono yochepera, Amereka idatha kusiya cholowa chachikulu. Maliko awiri, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell, Hargan Kit, Harper Lee, Woyendetsa Nawo Ankakhala Ndi Mzimu Wofananawo, Kununkhira kwa Nationayi Komanso wovuta, koma kulowera. Mwinanso momwe malingaliro ofotokozedwera kwambiri amapangidwira amagwira ntchito ndi American Claincic Francis Scott fitzgerald.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Francis anabadwira m'banja la alendo ochokera ku Ireland. Agogo ake aamuna a Kiip Mckilllan, osamukira ku United States, adatha kuyimirira kumapazi ake m'dziko latsopano ndikulemera. Koma Eduard Betzgerald, yemwe adayamba ku Ireland - tate wa wolemba zam'tsogolo, zalephera kukwaniritsa zomwezo. Eduard sanathetseretu malekezero, kotero pamene Molly Mckilan adatsogolera kwa makolo amtsogolo, amayesa kuletsa mtsikanayo kuti asadalire.
Mapeto ake, Edward ndi Molly adasewera ukwati, chifukwa nkhalamba McQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQUIL idayenera kupirira izi komanso poyamba kuthandiza banja lomwe langopangidwa kumene. Pambuyo pake, zowonjezera zotsekemera zidayamba bizinesi ndipo imatha kudzipereka.
Vuto lokhalo lomwe limazunzidwa ndi banja laling'ono linali kufa kwa ana awiri oyamba. Chifukwa chake, awiriwa anali osamveka, pamene mwana woyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali atawonekera pa Seputembara 24, 1896. Mnyamatayo adaganiza zoti Francis Scott.
Popeza Francis ndi mlongo wake Louise anali mamembala a banja la Katolika, kenako ana oyamba maphunziro adalandira m'masukulu Akatolika. Mnyamatayo adamaliza maphunziro ku Sukulu ya St. Paul (Sount Paul Academy), yomwe ili munthawi ya Minnesota.
Wachinyamata wachichepere ku Newman sukulu yatsopano), yomwe ili ku Massachusetts idapitilizabe kuphunzira. Kuwerenga ku Newman Sukulu, Francis adakhala nthawi yaulere.
Nditamaliza maphunziro kusukulu yayekha, mnyamatayo adasamukira ku New Jersey kuti alowe University Princeton University. Monga wophunzira wa yunivesite yotchuka, fitzgerald imaganizira za wolemba komanso mawonekedwe a nyimbo za nthabwala. Francis adatenga nawo gawo pamagawo a malembawo, koma sanaiwale za mawonekedwe akuthupi kuti atsatire: Fitzgerald nawonso adalowa nawo gulu la mpira wa mpira.
Komabe, yunivesiteyo sinathe kusinthane. M'malo mwake, mu 1917, iye adapita kunkhondo mu 1917, pomwe, ali m'njira, adakwanitsa kupanga ntchito, atafika pamutu wa woyang'anira wa anterring arger ya The Ardigrade wa abusa.
Mu 1919, Fitzgerald idasiyira magulu ankhondo. Malingaliro a anyamatawa anali aukwati ndi zelda Seyra, msungwana wabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku banja lolemekezeka kuchokera ku Alabama. Koma ukwatiwu unaletsedwa ndi makolo a ku Arido, omwe tawaganizira kuti sayenera kupereka mwana wake wamkazi kuti amupatse mnyamatayo, yemwe wangobwera kumene kuchokera ku gulu lankhondo ndipo sanalandire ndalama. Uwu ndiye wozungulira wa tsoka - bwerezani zomwe zimachitika kuchokera pachikondwerero cha abambo ndi amayi!
Francis a Scott adaganiza kuti atakhala wolemba wotchuka, ndiye kuti makolo a mtsikanayo asintha malingaliro awo. Fitzgerald adasamukira ku New York, komwe adayamba kupeza ndalama, akugwira ntchito ngati nthumwi yotsatsa, ndipo munthawi yake yaulere - kulemba buku la babrat.
Malembo
Makina omaliza omaliza a ntchito ya "chikondi cha chikondi" Francis adatumiza nyumba yayikulu ya New York, koma poyankha adangolandira zolephera. Zinafika pomenyedwa mwamphamvu kwa mnyamatayo. Anayamba kumwa, kenako napititsa patsogolo ntchitoyo. Kumanzere popanda kukhala ndi moyo, adabwerera ku nyumba ya makolo.
Kuyimbira pang'ono, Fitzgerald amasankha kukonza zolemba pamanja, zomwe zimatsogolera kulembedwa kwake kuyambira. Buku latsopano la wolemba Nyuzipepala la Novice limatumizanso ofalitsa. Kuchokera kwa a Charles Scriberner` Mwana wa a Charles amabwera kalata yomwe idasainidwa ndi mkonzi wamkulu wa maxwell Perkns. Mmenemo, wamkuluyo lipoti kuti ntchito ya Francis ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zonse zomwe zasindikizidwa tsopano. Koma wofalitsayo ali wokonzeka kupeza mwayi ndikumasula buku, momwe amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zikumuyendera bwino.
Pa Marichi 26, 1920, mbiri yakale yolembedwa "imapita ku Charles Skerner's Mwana wotchedwa" m'Paradaiso. Bukulo limakhala bwino (zaka izi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito Mawu awa, koma lero zotsatira za zomwe zagulitsidwazo zikatchedwa motere, ndipo a Zella Sesir - Mkwatibwi wa Mkwatibwi
Francis wina akulemba nkhani za almanacs ndi magazini otchuka, nkhanizi zidzasindikizidwa poyamba "zoyambirira ndi zakuya". Mu Meyi 1922, mbiri ya "mbiri yodabwitsa ya Benjamin Batton" imafalitsidwa molumikizana ndi sabata, yemwenso wolimba mtima pamalo a wolemba m'badwo watsopano - m'badwo wa Jazi.
Ngakhale kuti mwana wawo wamkazi, Francis ndi Zanya amayamba kutsogolera moyo wa Chicchi ndipo amakhala ngwazi za m'mbuyo. Zochita zawo zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula komanso kukhala kovuta. Mu 1922, Fitzgeralds amatenga nyumba yatsopano ku Manhattan. Kuli kumeneko kuti wolemba amayamba kugwira ntchito pa "gatsby".
Nthawi yomweyo, Francis amafalitsa buku lake lachiwiri - "zokongola ndikuwonongeka" ".
Mu 1924, Fitzgerald akusankha kupita ku Europe. Paulendo wake, ali ndi nthawi yopeza anzawo atsopano, komanso kucheza ndi anzawo a ku Ernest, omwe amakhala nthawi ku Paris. Ku America, panthawiyi, wachitatu wa Roma wa Roma akutuluka - "Great Gatsby", komanso momwe filimu yake imasungira, idawomberedwa ndi Herbert Benon.
Kubwerera Kumalo, wolemba adasindikiza kusonkhanitsa kwina, komwe kumatchedwa "Achinyamata onse Omvetsa chisoni awa", pambuyo pake gulu lakuda limayamba m'moyo wa fitzgerald. Phindu limawerengedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chomveka kuchokera kwa mkazi wake komanso chiyambi cha kukula kwa matenda ake a schizophresia. Cerenang Zelda imalephera. Francis amabweranso chifukwa cha mowa, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto.
Mu 1934, mosayembekezereka, wolemba watsopano, wolemba akutuluka - "usiku", kutengera zolembedwa zake.
Pambuyo pake fitzgerald imasankha kusintha vekitala ya kuchitapo kanthu ndikukhala woyang'anira Hollywood. Ndi kutenga nawo mbali, panali matepi ambiri a zaka, koma mokweza kwambiri ndi "Comradi" Frank Barrusegi pa nkhani ya Erich Mary Remarik ndi "akazi" a George. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mu mafilimu aliwonse m'mafilimu, dzina la wolemba silinafotokozedwe.
Mu 1939, Fitzgerald imayamba kugwira ntchito pa "carter yomaliza" - buku lopirira la Hollywood. Bukuli lidzamasulidwa kale, komanso zoperekazo "zinatero" ndi "ndalama zoleredwa bwino."
Fitzgerald ikhoza kusamutsa kwambiri Mzimu wa nthawi imeneyo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zisumbu zambiri za mabuku ake. Mbali yokumbukira "Great Catsby" (1974) ya Jack Clayton ndi Robert Redford ndi MiI Fairrows, "Mbiri Yakale Kwambiri Kwambiri ndi Brad PirT ndi Kate Blanchetta, komanso "gatsby" (2013) Lurman Poling ndi Alebman Diprio, a Tolire, Elizabeth Deaki ndi Jason Clay.
Komanso mu 2016, mndandanda womaliza wa "udatuluka" patsamba. Matt bomba ndi kakombo anakwaniritsidwa mu chithunzi chatsopano. Uwu siwopanga kanema wa ntchito za fitzgerald - pa TV, onse onse owonera pawokha a wolemba komanso kusintha kwa nkhani za pa TV kukuwonetsa "kusakhulupirika" ndikugwedezeka ".
Moyo Wanu
Kuyambira mu 1920 mpaka 1940, Fitzgerald adakwatirana ndi Syer. Pa Okutobala 26, 1921, awiriwa anali ndi mwana wamkazi waku Fronce.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo ndi zelda Fitzgerald, nthawi zambiri kukumana ndi mtolankhani akulemba za nkhani za Hollywood News for Editions. Zisankho zatsopano za Francis zotchedwa Sheila Graham. Onsewa anali ndi moyo wocheperako, kufa kwa wolemba kunali kufa.
Imfa Francis Scott Fitzgerakale
Wolemba adamwalira pa Disembala 21, 1940.
Kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo laimfa ndi vuto la mtima, abwenzi ndi omwe amadziwana kuti Francis sanakhale chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri, zomwe adazipereka kale.
M'bali
- 1920 - "Mwa njira iyi ya paradiso"
- 1922 - "Mbiri Yodabwitsa ya Benjamin Batton"
- 1922 - "wokongola ndikuwonongeka"
- 1923 - "Nkhani Za M'zaka Zazaka Za M'zaka za Jazz"
- 1925 - "Gatsy"
- 1926 - "Achinyamata onse Omvetsa chisoni awa"
- 1934 - "Usiku" usiku "
- 1935 - "Kudzutsa Zizindikiro"
- 1941 - "Kukula Kwathu Kotsiriza"
- 1945 - "Wrecker"