Mbiri Yodziwika
"Ndani amakhala wosangalatsa, momasuka ku Russia?" Ana asukulu aku Russia amayesa kupeza yankho la funsoli limodzi ndi Nicholas Nekrasov. Ndakatulo ya wolemba za amuna pakusaka kukafunafuna munthu wachimwemwe wotchedwa The Encyclopedia ya wanzeru. Ntchito ya Epic Yoti "Yemwe ku Russia Live ndiyabwino" ili ndi zilembo zambiri, ndipo pamapeto pake pali ngwazi yotsogolera, yomwe imayamba kukhala yotsogola, - Grisha Dobrozlov. "Kupembedzera kwa anthu" kudatonthola kuti mayi anyamuka, ndipo anthu adapeza ufulu weniweni.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Lingaliro lolemba zigawo za moyo wa anthu aku Russia, monga chidule cha wolemba ndakatulo ndi zomwe akuwona kuti Nikolay Nekrasov kumapeto kwa 1850s. Monga maziko, wolemba anali akuganizira za kulankhulana ndi anthu osavuta, komanso amadaliranso ntchito zina.
Chifukwa chake, Gwero lalikulu la kudzoza linali "zolemba za Hunter" la Ivan Turgenev. Apa, Nekrasov adapanga zithunzi zokongola za otchulidwa ndi otumiza pakati. Ndipo mu 1863 kokha, dziko likakhala zaka ziwiri popanda kumeta wa Serfemon, wolembayo adakhala pansi, chifukwa chothekera, zaka 14 zosewerera zinthu.
Pa lingaliroli, ndakatulo ya anthu idawonetsa tsatanetsatane wa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za gulu - kuchokera kwa anyamatawo kwa wolamulira wa boma. Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri akufuna anthu achimwemwe ku Russia kukadadutsa midzi yankhondo kupita ku St. Petersburg, komwe ngakhale kukumana ndi mfumu idzachitike. Nthawi yoyenda imakwera kwa chaka chimodzi, yokhazikika magawo asanu ndi atatu. Komabe, mmadzi sunakwaniritsidwe - wolemba wopanda chidwi kwambiri adakwanitsa kupereka machaputala anayi okha.
Pamene gawoli limasindikizidwa mosavuta m'magazini "ndipo" zolemba zapakhomo ". Lero ndakatulo imawoneka kuti idasindikizidwa, chifukwa wolemba alibe nthawi yofotokoza bwino za "zolondola":
- "Mawu oyambira";
- "Mafuta";
- "Mkazi wosasula";
- "Pindani padziko lonse lapansi."
Chaputala chomaliza sichinafike owerenga nthawi ya Nikolai Nekrasov. Adasindikizidwa zaka zitatu pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba, ndipo ndi zida zazikulu zakuya. Asanamwalire, wolemba adasintha lingaliro, atapereka lingaliro lalikulu, ndikupanga chomaliza, pomwe machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri amawoneka - Arberha, omwe adafuna munthu yemwe adafuna.
Panalibe nthawi yophunzira chithunzichi, motero owerengawo adangowona malingaliro a zotsatira za ndakatulo. Kumva kutha kwa moyo, Nikolai Alekseevich wophwanyika:
"Chinthu chimodzi chokhudza china chachikulu, ichi ndi chomwe sichidatsirize ndakatulo yake" yemwe amakhala bwino ku Russia. "Wolemba anayesa kupanga ndakatuloyo kuti ifike ku malingaliro a anthu wamba, motero adayesa kubweretsa nthano za nthano zotchuka kubzala, motero nyimbo, mawu achifundo adawonjezera.
Pantchito panali malo ofotokozera bwino za nthano: Chiwerengerocho "chiwerengerocho" 7 "(mbalame zambiri zomwe amadziwa kuyankhula ndi nthawi ndi malo ("Kodi ndikulingalira kuti" kumatanthauza kuti mawuwo ndi "mu ufumu wina, m'malo ena").
Chiwembu ndi chithunzi
Tsiku lina, "Pa Poleglass" anakumana ndi anyamata 70, pakati pa mikangano inakhazikitsidwa kuti ku Russia amakhala bwino. Aliyense ananena kuti mawu ake ananena kuti: Zowonadi, anthu odala ndi ena mwa opov, eni malo, ogulitsa, amalonda, mahosi. Ndipo pamapeto pake, mfumuyo imakhala momasuka. Sizinali zotheka kuti ndibwere ku lingaliro linalake, choncho amunawo anapita kukafunafuna munthu wachimwemwe kuti atsimikizire kukhalako.
Msewuwu umatsogolera apaulendo pa Volga, pomwe ngwazi zimadziwana ndi anthu wamba omwe amabisala kwa wopusa wakale wokhala ndi Serfeddom. Pobwerera, achibale a olemera atamwalira atapereka amunawo kuti apereke maaamiyendo osefukira. Komabe, liwulo sililetsa.
NJsera za mtundu wa mzinda amakhala "mtundu" ndi mwayi "kazembe", amatsogolera oyendayenda kutrey Timofueyna. Komabe, izi zimawakhumudwitsa, kukangana - palibe chisangalalo chachikazi ku Russia ndi kuwuka. Mu chaputala "" Pierwer ku dziko lonse lapansi ", amuna a m'mudzimo adakonzedwa pa Volga pa Imfa yadziko lonse. Pakati pa mitengo ya nyumba ndi zigawenga za Grisa zikuwonekera, mwana wamwamuna wazaka 17 wa wansembe.
Wolemba adalenga chithunzi cha wotetezedwa ndi anthu ndi mbiri yovuta ya moyo. Mnyamatayo anabadwira m'banja la Lasy Beggchach dycachka ndi mkate wogontha anakhala pansi. Ubwana wanjala, seminare, komwe inenso ndimayeneranso ... sindimwalira ndi njala yomwe idathandizira othandizira komanso kuwolowa manja kwa anthu wamba kuyambira ali aang'ono.
Kuyambira machitidwe a chikhalidwecho, zikuwonekeratu kuti mapepala a Ghisha amawona chisangalalo osati mu zabwino, koma kuti anthuwo azisavuta kukhala ndi moyo. Tanthauzo la MITU yake
"... komanso zaka khumi ndi zisanuGregory amadziwa kale,
Zomwe Zikhala Zachimwemwe
Zosaloledwa komanso zakuda
Ngodya. "
Kusanthula kwa chithunzichi ndi malo aboma a nekrasov Yankhani funso la chifukwa chomwe chimakhala chosangalatsa. Ngwazi ndi nyumba m'malo mwa zilembo za ndakatulo, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe opanduka ndi malingaliro apadera a moyo. Alendo ena onse amawonetsa kuti amagonjera tsoka, amakhala ovutitsidwa. Ndi Grisha - Worstler, adalemba chipatso cha kulingalira kwa wolemba pamayendedwe omwe anthu aku Russia akadakhala nayo.
Malinga ndi otsutsa, mawonekedwewo amakhala akupitilizabe chithunzi cha Evgeny Bazarov, ngwazi ya ntchito ya ku Ivan Turgenev "Abambo ndi Ana Ochokera M'mabuku a Nekrasov sakhala kale adabuka m'malingaliro a anthu.
Ndakatuloyi ili ndi malongosoledwe a Democrause, omwe adabadwa ndikukula mosavomerezeka, omwe akufuna chowonadi m'mabuku ndikupha nthawi ya malingaliro. Ma Doryon - wolemba ndakatulo akuimba nyimbo yolimba mtima. Maganizo a wolemba a ngwazi ndi ofunda: Nikolai nekrasov adapanga mawonekedwe ake ndi malingaliro ake pa chikondwerero cha demokalase.
Zojambulajambula za ntchito ya Sidhan ku misonkhano yadzidzidzi ndi zokambirana, mmenemo pamodzi, ndipo onse pamodzi amapanga chithunzi cha osauka, oledzera komanso oledzera.
Zosangalatsa
Ntchitoyi sizinagwere mu gawo la masomphenya a atsogoleri. Ngakhale mu 1989, mayina a ndakatulo adaonekera - kanemayo "yemwe ku Russia amakhala ndi wabwino" ndi Alexey Buldakov, Galina Makarova ndi STERGY. Koma chithunzicho sichitembenuka ndi ndakatulo ya Nekrasovskaya: Zochita zikuchitika m'zaka zapitazi m'zaka za zana la 20.Mawu
"Anamva kulimba kwake pachifuwa chake,Mawu ake achisomo
Nyimbo Zaziwala za Undeble -
Adayimba Chimwemwe cha Anthu! "" Wokoka kwake
Njira yabwino, dzina lalikulu
Msonkhano Wovuta
ChaHotka ndi ang'ono. "" Gawani - SARES STRES ... "" Ndipo ndingakhale wokondwa kukhala m'Paradaiso, koma ndi liti? "Larder - phompho! Ulusi - phompho. " "Ah amayi! Za nyumba!
Musakhale ndi chisoni ndi inu.
Iwe, mbadwa, Pepani. "" Anzake aku Russia,
Imodzi sizabwino
Kuti amamwa kuthirira
Mu piva, mu mpukutu -
Ndizamanyazi! "