Chiphunzitso
Giuseppe Verdi (dzina lathu - Giusepp Fortunoncco Verdi) - wopanga wamkulu ku Italy. Nyimbo Zake za nyimbo ndi "chuma" cha dziko lonse la World Opera. Maluso a Versi - chitsimikizo cha chitukuko cha otalika a ku Italian cha zaka za m'ma 1800. Zikomo kwa iye, a Opera adasandulika amene ali tsopano.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Giuseppe Verdi adabadwira m'mudzi wa ku Italy wa ku Jalcole, pafupi ndi mzinda wa bushto. Pamenepo, gawo ili linali la Ufumu woyamba wa France. Chifukwa chake, zikalata zovomerezeka ndi dziko lobadwa ku France. Adabadwa pa Okutobala 10, 1813 mwa banja la anthu wamba. Abambo ake Carlo Giuseppe Verdi anali ndi malo odyera. Ndipo mayi wa Luigi Uttini amagwira ntchito ndi Prya.
Kukonda Nyimbo Mnyamatayo wawonetsa ubwana, motero makolo ake adamupatsa msana - chida chomangira chofanana, chofanana ndi kusokoneza. Ndipo posakhalitsa adayamba kuphunzira kalata komanso kuti aphunzire masewerawa m'chigawo m'mudzimu wam'mudzimo. Mphunzitsi woyamba anali wansembe pittrokki.
Ali ndi zaka 11, Giuseppe yaying'ono inayamba kukwaniritsa ntchito yankhondoyo. Kamodzi muutumiki, adazindikiridwa ndi Womwe Wogulitsa Wa Urban Antonio Barati, adauzanso kuti athandize mnyamatayo kuti apeze maphunziro abwino. Choyamba, Verda anasamukira ku nyumba ya Battti, bambo wina adamulipira mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake adalipira ndikuphunzira Juseppe ku Milan.
Munthawi imeneyi, Vedi anasangalala ndi mabuku. Zokonda zimapangitsa kuti ma da a Dante, a Shakespeare, schiller, goether.
Nyimbo
Titafika ku Milan, akuyesera kulowa pa Conservatory, koma nthawi yomweyo amakana. Sizitengera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masewerawa pa piyano. Inde, ndi zaka, nthawi imeneyo anali ndi zaka 18, anaposa kulandiridwa. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti tsopano Milan Conservatory amatchedwa Giuseppe Verdi.
Koma mnyamatayo sataya mtima, amalemba mphunzitsi wachinsinsi ndi kukaphunzira maziko a mnzake. Amachezera magwiridwe antchito, makonsati a orchestra osiyanasiyana, amalankhula ndi bomba lakwanuko. Ndipo panthawiyi, amayamba kuganiza za kukhala wopanga zisudzo.
Pobwerera Vedi ku Antonio Bartio adakonza zolankhula zoyambirira kwa wachinyamata m'moyo wake, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi fuyariya weniweni. Zitatha izi, Amerti adapereka Giuseppe kuti akhale mphunzitsi wa mwana wake wamkazi Margarita. Posakhalitsa panali kumvera chisoni pakati pa achinyamata, ndipo anali ndi buku.
Kumayambiriro, ntchito ya Verdi idalemba ntchito zazing'ono: Maziko A SIY, MOYO. Mawu oyamba anali a Opera, Werengani DI Mayafacio, omwe adawonetsedwa ku Milaine Vieder ku La Scala Theatre. Pambuyo pa kupambana ndi Giuseppe Verdi, mgwirizano unasainidwa kuti alembe zowonjezera ziwiri. M'masiku ogwirizana, adalenga "mfumu pa ola limodzi ndi" Nabucco ".
Kupanga kwa "mfumu kwa ola limodzi" sikunatengedwe bwino ndi wowonera ndipo adalephera, ndipo kuchokera ku Nbumbu, kutchuka kwa zibwalo zoyambirira kunakana koyambirirako. Kukula kwake kunachitikabe, ngakhale patapita zaka ziwiri. Ndipo opera awa anali ndi chipambano.
Chifukwa cha Verdi, yemwe pambuyo pa kulephera kwa "mfumu kwa ola limodzi" ndi kufedwa kwa mkazi wake ndi ana amachoka kumunda, Nabucco adasanduka mpweya wabwino. Mbiri yodziwika bwino yopambana inali kumbuyo kwake. "Nabucco" chifukwa chaka chija adayikidwa m'bwalo la zisudzo 405, panjira, sichimafika padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawiyi ku Verdi ikhoza kudziwika ngati cholengedwa. Pambuyo pa opera Nabuccco, wovotayo adalemba zowonjezera zingapo, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa bwino ndi wowonera - "ma lombards mu Cursade" ndi "Ernani". Pambuyo pake, mawu a "Lombard" adayikidwa ku Paris, komabe, chifukwa Verdi uyu adasintha njira yoyambirira. Choyamba, adasinthanitsa ngwazi za ku Chitaliyaku ku French, ndipo mchiwiri - Rename Opera mu "Yerusalemu".
Koma imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino kwambiri za Verda idakhala opera rigoleletto. Analembedwa zozikidwa posewera kwa Mfumu ya Hugo. " Wolemba nayeyo adaganizira ntchitoyi ndi chilengedwe chake chabwino kwambiri. Wowonera waku Russia amadziwa za rigoleletto pa nyimboyo "Mtima wa zokongoletsera umakonda kukhala woweta." Opera adakhazikitsa nthawi masauzande m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lapansi. Aria of the ngwazi yayikulu, ngwazi zazikulu za Jestioletto, zochitidwa Dmitpostovsky, placido Domingo, Muslim Magomoyev.
Patatha zaka ziwiri, Verdiata analemba "Traviata" pantchito ya "dona ndi Camellia" Alexander Duma Jr.
Mu 1871, Giuseppe Verdi amalandira lamulo lochokera kwa wolamulira wa ku Aigupto. Adafunsidwa kuti alembe opera pa nyumba ya Cairo Opera. Premiere wa Opera "Akadaulo" adachitika pa Disembala 24, 1871 ndipo adakhala nthawi yotseguka ya Suez. Aria odziwika kwambiri a Aria - "Tria'anl Smiah".
Wopanga maofesi adalemba ma opera ndikupempha. M'zaka zonsezi, maofesi a opera ankapita ku zigawo zonse, achikhalidwe chakomweko komanso anthu osauka. Chifukwa chake, Italiya Giuseppe Versi moyenereradi Italy's "anthu" a "anthu". Adalenga nyimbo ngati anthu omwe anthu aku Italy amadzimva zomwe akumana nazo komanso chiyembekezo. Pa ntchito za Veri, anthu adamva kuyitanidwa kuti amenye chisalungamo.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi "mpikisano" Waghard Wagner Giuseppe Verdi adabadwa mchaka chimodzi. Kukondana kwa avalose sikusokonezeka, koma ndi omwe amawerengedwa osintha art a opera. Inde, olembawo adamveka wina ndi mnzake, koma sanakumanepo. Komabe, m'mawu awo, anali kuyesera kuti ayambe kuchitirana.
Za moyo ndi ntchito ya Giuseppe Verdi adalemba mabuku ndipo ngakhale amasefa mafilimu. Ndondomeko yotchuka kwambiri inali mini-mndandanda Renato Castellini "Moyo Giuseppe Verdi", yomwe idapita kumayiko a 1982.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1836, Giuseppe Verdi adakwatirana ndi mwana wake wamkazi wa margarita a Norti. Posakhalitsa mtsikanayo adabereka mwana wamkazi wa Virginia Maria Louise, koma mchaka cha chaka chakale amwalira. M'chaka chomwechi, mwezi umodzi m'mbuyomu, Margarita adabereka mwana wamwamuna Inticylio, yemwenso amamwaliranso. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Margarita kuchokera ku Encephalitis adamwalira.
Nthawi ya 26, Vedi adatsala yekha: adatsala ndi ana ndi okwatirana. Amachotsa malo ogona pafupi ndi Church of Santa Sabina, iye ndi wovuta kupulumuka. Nthawi zina, amasankha kusiya kuyimba nyimbo.
Zaka 35, Giuseppe Verdie idagwa mchikondi. Wokondedwa wake anali woimba wa Italian Opera Jusepptoni. Kwa zaka 10, iwo amakhala mu zotchedwa "zachitukuko, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri akhale oganiza bwino kwambiri. Banja lidakwatirana mu 1859 ku Geneva. Ndipo ochokera m'matumbo oyipa, okwatirana amakonda kubisala mumzinda - ku Villa Santal Agata. Mwa njira, ntchitoyi ya nyumbayo idapangidwa ndi Verride mwiniwake, sanafune kusinthanso thandizo la mapulamani a Omanga.
Nyumbayo inali yachidule. Koma munda wozungulira Villa unali wapamwamba: kulikonse kwamaluwa ndi mitengo yosoka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yaulere ya Verdi idakondedwa kugwiritsa ntchito dimba. Mwa njira, m'mundawu, wovotayo anaika galu wake wokondedwa, ndipo analemba kuti: "Chipilala kwa bwenzi langa."
Juseppin adayamba chifukwa chosungira nyumbayo ndi thandizo lalikulu m'moyo. Mu 1845, woimbayo amazimiririka mawu, ndipo akuganiza zomaliza ntchito ya opera. Kutsatira Streptoni, kunaganiza zoyenera kuchita ndi Verdi, panthawiyo wolembayo ali kale ndi wolemera komanso wotchuka. Koma wokwatirana akopa mwamunayo kuti apitilize kukhala ndi nyimbo yake, ndipo atangomaliza kumene ". Yuseppin mpaka paimfa yake mu 1897 chithandiziro ndi chouziridwa.
Imfa
Januware 21, 1901, Giuseppe Verdi anali ku Milan. Ku hotelo Yake, anali ndi sitiroko, wovotayo adalumala, koma adapitilizabe kuwerenga opera a Tosca Opera ndi "Bohemia" Pucchini, "dys donal" Tchaikovsky sizinatchulidwe. Tsiku lililonse magulu asiya wolemba wamkulu, ndipo pa Januware 27, 1901 sanatero.
Kuyika mahosi akuluakulu pachimake pa Milan. Koma patatha mwezi umodzi, mtembo wake udawukidwa m'dera la tchuthi kunyumba ya Penshoni - oimba, omwe nthawi ina adapanga wolembayo.
Nchito
- 1839 - "Wosachedwa, Chiwerengero DI San Bolifacio"
- 1940 - "Mfumu Kwa ola"
- 1845 - "Zhanna D'and '
- 1846 - "Cwitila"
- 1847 - Macbeth
- 1851 - Rigoleletto
- 1853 - "Trubadur"
- 1853 - "Traviata"
- 1859 - "Mpira wa Masquede"
- 1861 - "Mphamvu ya Chikondwerero"
- 1867 - "Don Carlos"
- 1870 - "Thamizimu"
- 1874 - Fufuzani
- 1886 - "Othello"
- 1893 - Faltaff