Chiphunzitso
Dzinalo la maphunziro a Sakharov limadziwika kwa aliyense, mosasamala mtundu wa zochitika. Wokonda kwambiri wasayansi komanso gawo lazikondi zasayansi lokha silimangogwiritsa ntchito zomwe asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito, komanso andale zandale za Andrei Dmitrievievich.
Nthawi zambiri Sakhav amadziwa ngati woyambitsa ndege ya hydrogen. Koma ponena za kutenga nawo mbali pakuwonera ndale pa chizunzo cha majini (omwe amatchedwa "Lysennnnnnkovsky") Pansi pa Komiti ya Moscow of the Stefer of Modrow, komanso zomwe adazipeza Mwiniwake Mphoto Yake Yotengera Zokoma Mtendere wolimbitsa dziko lapansi.
Mwina boma lokhazikika, komanso zofuna zosiyanasiyana zimapangitsa kuti anthu apezeke bwino komanso zopangidwa ndi wasayansi. Ngakhale mwiniyo anakondera kutsindika za kufunika kwa wokwatirana naye amene amamuuzira kuti akwaniritse.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Sakhav Andrei Dmitrievievich adabadwa ku Moscow pa Meyi 21, 1921. Agogo a mzere wa bambo wa ku Ivan Nikolaevich Sakhav anakulira m'banja la wansembe, ndipo adakhala loya. Tate wa agoluwa anapitilizabe kholo la Wasayansi Wam'tsogolo Dmitry Ivanovich. Anatenga nawo mbali m'ndale, omwe anali pamndandanda wa ophunzira omwe sanachotsedwe ku Yunivesite ya Moscow.
Dmitry Ivanovich yophika, idakwatirana ekaterina alekseevna. Anapeza mphunzitsi wa sayansi ya ku Moscow ku yunivesite ya chikominisi, omwe anali kukonza mafelemu a maphwando. Mkazi wake, Ekaterina Alekseevna (m'mabuku a Maulic Sofiano), poyambirira kuchokera ku banja la Greek Greek.
Andrei Dmitrievievich anakumbukira kuti agogo ake a bambo a bambo a Maria Petrovna adadzakhala mtima wapabanja komanso womuyang'anira. Bambowo anali wokonda sayansi, yomwe sinathe kupititsa patsogolo Andrei ndi m'bale wake, ndipo munthawi yake yaulere inali nthawi yaitis. Banja limakhala m'nyumba yolumikizana limodzi ndi abale apamwamba komanso otalikirana.
Poyamba, mnyamatayo adalandira maphunziro apanyumba, pokhapokha mgulu la 7 adapita kusukulu. Ngakhale kutsekedwa kwa Andrei ndi kusakonda kulankhulana ndi anzawo, ma comrades adamuyitanitsa ku Masamu, sukulu yoyamba, kenako ndikugwira ntchito ku Moscow University.
Ngakhale mnyamatayo anali wopambana mu masamu, nthawi zambiri ankathetsa ntchitoyo moyenera, koma moyenera, ndikufotokozera. Chifukwa mu giredi la 10 andrei adasiya masamu ozungulira ndikutenga fiziki. Tsatanetsatane wa anthu a Sakharov adadziwika kuti amakumbukira za maphunziro a Akiva Moiseevich Yagloma, yemwe adaphunzira ndi Andrei Dmitrievievich.
Popeza chidwi cha wachinyamata, komanso kusangalatsa kwa sayansi ya abambo ake, Andrei adalowa ku Moscow State University pa luso la sayansi. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhondo inayamba, motero ophunzira anathamangitsidwa ku Ashgabat otetezeka. Kwa theka la chaka chimodzi nditamaliza maphunziro a yunivesite ya Sakharov, adagwira ntchito m'dera laling'ono ku Vladimir Reference, kenako m'dzilimolo lidakololedwa (dera lamakono la Diretrovgrad, Chigawo cha Ulyanovsk).
Kuwona ndi Andrey nthawi imeneyo (moyo woopsa wa anthu osavuta) adasiya chizindikiro chamunthu wa Sakhav wachichepere. Kugwira Ntchito Pang'onopang'ono Kugwira Ntchito Molimbika, mnyamatayo amafunadi kukhala patsogolo ndikulandira patent yoyang'anira zipolopolo zankhondo.
Fisunth
Ma Eva a 1945, Andrei Sakhavov adaganiza zogwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi sayansi ndipo adalowa sukulu yomaliza maphunzirowa. A Igor Evgenievich TAMM adakhala woyang'anira wasayansi wachinyamata. Patatha zaka zitatu, Sakhav adateteza dissertation yake pamutu wakuti "Pa chiphunzitso cha mtundu 0 → 0 kusintha kwa nyukiliya."
Kenako Andrei pa chitetezo cha woyang'anira anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Moscow EnsCemite, komwe wasayansi wachinyamata anakopeka ndi ziyembekezo za sayansi zokhala ndi zida za The Koromoner. Popeza mkhalidwe wa Nkhondo Yozizira ndi mikono yothamanga ndi United States, ntchito ya Sakhav idayimira kwenikweni zasayansi kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwambiri.
Mu 1950, a Sahars omwe adayang'anira TAMM adapanga chiphunzitso cha maginito a Thermoclear riyacy, chomwe chimavumbula za kaphatikizidwe ka arronucy. Kupeza kumeneku kunathandiza Andrei kulemba zigawo zowonongeka mu ukalamba - wasayansi anali pafupifupi zaka 32. Nthawi yomweyo, Sakharov adadziwika kuti ndi ngwazi ya Sociast Boma.
Kukula kwa Andrei Dmieevich kunalola kuti Sovietviet Union asapereke kwa aku America popanga zida za nyukiliya. Ngakhale pamapangidwe a Sakarov, kuyenera kukhala ndi moyo mwamtendere - wasayansi amaganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wa kapangidwe ka nyukiliya chifukwa cha mafuta a nyukiliya.
Kenako, Sakhavov adasamutsidwira kale ku labotale yapadera, pomwe asayansi odziwika ambiri adagwira ntchito yopanga zida zolemera kuti asunge mphamvu za atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi. Andrei Dmitrievich kwa nthawi yayitali amakhulupirira kuti imagwira ntchito yothandiza dziko lapansi.
Mu 1952, United States idayesa mayeso oyamba a zida za Thermonchir pachilumbachi chomwe chili ku Pacific. Poyankha, Ussr anachulukitsa zochitika za sayansi za zida za mtundu wake, zomwe ziyeso zake zidachitika pa Ogasiti 12, 1953 m'dera la mzinda wa Semipatinsk (tsopano mzinda wa mabanja, gawo la Ma Kazakhstan). Kuyesedwa komwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu aku America okha ndi chida chokha, adafufuza mfundo za kaphatikizidwe ka arromones, ndipo Soviet Union adasanthula, ngakhale kuyambira pachaka, adapanga bomba lonse la Armonclear.
Bomu loyamba la hydrojeni yopangidwa ku Ussr ndi Rds-6c, 6c linali chifukwa cha maphunziro a nthawi yayitali a Andrei Sakhav, koma anali ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimafuna kafukufuku wina ndi kusintha kwina. Kapangidwe kotsatira komwe Andrei Dmitrievievich sikunali koululidwa bwino ku Sakhara, popeza mapangidwe a bombalo anali mlandu wokhala ndi atomiki, zinthu zojambulajambula zozunguliridwa ndi zigawo za zinthu zolemera.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kupanga kwa bomba la adromocle, nthawi yomweyo kuwerenga nthawi yomweyo werengani nkhani zopezeka pa yansi yanyukiliya ku Moscow Exnection Institute. Pomanga mabomba a haidrojeni adapangidwa ndi iye mu 1953, mutu wa Maphunziro adalandira. Osati gawo lomaliza lomwe lidaseweredwa ndi dokotala wotchuka wa Igor Vurchatov.
Ngakhale kuti ndi kuperekera anthu kwa Andrei Dmitrievich amakhala ndikugwira ntchito, adayang'ana zinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri za sayansi m'malo ena a sayansi. Chifukwa chake Sakhav anali m'modzi mwa asayansi omwe adasainira kalata yomwe idatumizidwa ku Burseu of Komiti yapakatikati pa gulu la chikominisi cha Soviet Union.
Kalatayo inafotokoza nkhawa za malingaliro abwino a dziko la dziko la chitukuko cha biology ku USSR, ndi mtundu wa ma genetics. Zotsatira za kalatayo panali kuchotsedwa kwa chopondera ku Defisovich Lysenko kuchokera kwa asayansi. Poganizira kuti ntchito ya Lysenko inali yoyambilira kumbuyo kwa sayansi ya ussr kuchokera ku sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi, zopereka za Sakharov ndi asayansi ena kuchitukuko kwa ma genetics ndizovuta kuti zikhale zovuta.
Anthu andale komanso andale a Valentin Mikhailovich Faliminical Falimir atazindikira kuti masitolo a hydrojeni atazindikira mwadzidzidzi, anthu padziko lapansi ndi chilengedwe.
Mu Ogasiti 1963, Maphunziro a Sakhhav, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbuyomu mbiri yake, yomwe imatsegulidwa motsutsana ndi chitukuko ndi kuyesa kwa zida za nyukiliya, kuyambitsa kusaina kwa chida cha nyukiliya. Malo abwino oterewa asayansi ndi omwe amayambitsa kusamvana kwake. Mu 1960, Maphunziroyo adayamba kukondana ndi KGB, ndipo Sakhav adalowa m'magulu a atsogoleri a Rune Wosuntha kwa Anthu ku USSR ndipo adalandira ulemerero wa chipembedzocho.
Mu 1966, Andrei Dmitrievich mogwirizana ndi a Asayansi komanso akatswiri azikhalidwe komanso ojambula adalemba makalata onena za kukonzereka a Joseph VissarIOVIE. Ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri, pambuyo pa kufalitsa ku US, buku la Sakharov "limawonetsera pa kupita patsogolo, kukhala ndi mwayi wamtendere komanso ufulu waluntha", wasayansi adachotsa kafukufuku wina pachinsinsi. Nthawi yomweyo, pamaziko a malingaliro andale wamba, Sakhav adakumana ndi Alexander Isaevich Sozzhevich Sozzhenyn.
Kupitilizabe kuchititsa zochitika zandale komanso zandale m'malo mwa asayansi, mu 1970, Maphunziroyo adayambitsa chilengedwe cha komiti ya Mose. Nthawi yomweyo, ogwira nawo ntchito a Andrei Dmitievievich pa Suyansi ya asayansi adadzudzula malingaliro a sakarov m'manyuzipepala m'manyuzipepala.
Dokotala yekhayo wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku Igor Rofarevich Shafarevich Shafarevich adalemba kalata yokhudza anthu omwe azunzidwa, pomwe sakhav adathandizidwa ngati wasayansi wasukulu yamtengo wapatali. Pakadali pano, maphunziro awo akugwira ntchito yogwira ntchito zandale ndipo adalemba bukulo "za dzikolo ndi dziko lapansi", zomwe mphotho ya Mulungu yomwe idalandilidwa.
Moyo Wanu
Mwayi wochita zasayansi, Sakhavv anayang'ana pazandale pazandale zoposa zisudzo, komwe kudadziwana ndi Elena Georne gerneevna, pomwe pambuyo pake adakwatirana. Anakhala mkazi wachiwiri wa wasayansi wotchuka. Elena Georgievna, Hafu ya Chiyuda, theka la ku Armenia pochokera, adalekanitsidwa chifukwa cha malingaliro opanduka a mnzake. Tikuwonani ndi Andrei Dmitrievievich Elena Georneevna yakwanitsa kukhala muukwati ndi Ivan Vasalyvevich Semenov, komwe ana awiri adabereka. Mwana ndi Mwana wamkazi Bonene akukhala ku United States.
Mkazi woyamba wa Maphunziroyo anali a Claudia Alekseevna Vichireva, mbanja yomwe Andrei Dmitrievich adabadwa ana atatu. Claudia Alekseevna adamwalira pachaka asanakhale Sakarov ndi Elena Bonenere. Anakwatirananso, ophunzira a maphunziro ang'ono adzakumanzere kwa ana aang'ono kuchokera ku ukwati woyamba ku chisamaliro cha akulu, ndipo adafunafuna malingaliro ake.
Mwana wamkazi wa National of Ecamimian Dmitry Stutete mu mtima mwake chifukwa cha abambo ake chifukwa chomukonda. Pokambirana, Dmitry adauza kuti atakwatirana a Alrei Sakharov adayiwala za ana ake, ndipo mwana wamwamuna waku Boma kuchokera ku ukwati woyamba adayamba kudzitcha kuti ndi wolowa naye.
Andrei Dmitievich adayang'ana pa banja latsopano, kuponyera ana kuchokera ku ukwati woyamba wodziyimira pawokha ndi mavuto ake. Dmitry anakumbukira izi ngakhale panthawi zovuta kwambiri sizinali pafupi. Chithunzi cha Ana ndi abambo ake ndi chilichonse chomwe Dmitry adakhalabe ndi alongo ake achikumbumtima chotere ndi munthu wakutali nthawi yomweyo.
Mu 1980, Andrei Dmitrievich, pamodzi ndi Elena Georgievna adamangidwa ndikutumiza ku ulalo. Malo ogwirira ntchitoyo anali mzinda wa Gizny (Nizhny Novgorod). Ogwira ntchito kale ku Sukulu ya Science of Science adadzudzulidwa momasuka Sakharov chifukwa cha chidwi chake kwa ife chiwonetsero cha US ndikupempha kuti aletse zida za atomiki ku Soviet Union.
Mu 1986, nthawi yomweyo ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yokonzanso, maphunziro a maphunziro a Sakhavov adakonzedwanso ndikubwerera ku Moscow. Atabweranso, Andrei Dmitrievich adatenganso sayansi, ngakhale sanachite zinthu zofunikira kwambiri, komanso adapita kudziko lina, pomwe adakumana ndi atsogoleri aku America ndi aku Europe.
Imfa ya Andrei Sakhav
Kumaso pa Imfa ya Sakarov, adakhazikitsa chindapusa chandale zambiri, ndikupsinjika kuti ichi ndi chokhachokha choyambirira. Izi zidakhala chifukwa choganizira za kufa kwa Andrei Dmitrievich the wachiwawa, ndiye kuti, kupha pazifukwa zandale.
Malinga ndi mtundu wachiwiri, womwe mwana wa wasayansi amathandizidwa, imfa ya Sakhav idathandizira mkazi wake wakale Elena Bonenere. Elena Elena zoposa nthawi yomweyo analimbikitsa kuti alengeze njala, podziwa mavuto ake ndi mtima, zaka komanso momwe angaganizire za thanzi la Sakharov.
Mwa zolinga za Bonenere nthawi zambiri zimabadwira ku chikhumbo chothandizira ana awo ku banja loyamba lomwe limakhala ku United States, komanso kuchotsa maudindo andale, ndipo pamaso pa anthu kuti akhale ozunzidwa chiwongola dzanja cha USSR.
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1989, Andrei Dmitrievich adamva wodwala, ndipo pa Disembala 14, adamwalira. Nyumba yoyambitsa imfa imawonedwa kuti iletsa mtima. Pokumbukira zopereka za Sakarov ku sayansi, dzina la Maphunzirolo limatchedwa asteroid, komanso lotseguka ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe nyumbayo adatchedwa Sakhbev.
Mwana wamkazi wa Sakhav - Dmitry - adamwalira ku Moscow mu 2021. Chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwake chinali zovuta ndi mtima.
Mphotho ndi zopambana
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- Mendulo "Chifukwa cha Kukula kwa Mayiko a Namwali"
- Memental "kukumbukira kwa chikumbutso cha 800th of Moscow"
- Dongosolo la mtanda Vitis
- Mphotho ya Leninsky
- Mphoto Yabwino