Chiphunzitso
Wopanga nyimbo wa ku Germany Richard Wagner ndi umunthu wosamveka. Kumbali ina, malingaliro ake andale amatsutsana ndi mfundo za umunthu (ndipo adanenedwabe pang'ono). Khalidwe lake (osati nyimbo zokha, komanso zodabwitsa za filosofi) adauziridwa ndi akatswiri azamankhwala a Germany, omwe adatembenuza Wogy kukhala chizindikiro cha fuko. Kumbali inayo, zopereka za woyimira pachitukuko cha nyimbo ndi Agogo.
Adasintha mfundo za luso la opera polowa mu opera kudzera mwamphamvu komanso nyimbo zopanda pake. Cholowa chake chimalimbikitsa opanga amakono, akupitilizabe kukhala m'mwazi, zitsulo zolemera kwambiri.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wilhelm Richard Wagner adabadwa pa Meyi 22, 1813 ku Leipzig - mzindawu, nthawi imeneyo unali wa mgwirizano wa Rhine. Amayi a Johanna Rosina anali ndi ana asanu ndi anayi. Abambo Carl Friedrich Wagner, wapolisi, adamwalira ndi Tofa pa Novembala 23, 1813. Kuyambira pano, mikangano ya wolemba mabuku azolongosoka akuyamba: Ena mwa iwo amakhulupirira kuti bambo wa Richard anali kholo lake londipeza, Ludwig anler.
Wokwatiwa ndi wochita uja wa ochita uja amasiye atatuluka miyezi itatu atamwalira. Ngakhale zili choncho, munthu waluso uyu adalimbikitsa ochita kupanga othamanga. Mlongo wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri, a Johanna Rosasa adagwira gawo lachiwiri la m'bale. Woyeserera wotchuka adathandizira Richard kuti akhale woimba.
Kufikira 13, Richard adaphunzira ku Sukulu ya Saint Thoma - Sukulu Yakale Kwambiri ya Mzindawu. Nthawi ya 15, mnyamatayo adazindikira kuti chidziwitso chake sichinali chokwanira kulembera nyimbo (ndipo kenako adayamba kale kukhala wamkulu), ndipo kuchokera mu 1828 adayamba kuphunzira chiphunzitsocho ku Theodore Weinliga, chovuta cha Tchalitchi cha St. Mu 1831 anapitiliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ya Lehiphig.
Nyimbo
Monga anthu otchuka, a Wagneru nthawi zambiri amafotokozanso ntchito za anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza ndi dzina lake mu netiweki, "zofunika kuti maloto" atchulidwa. M'malo mwake, nyimbo ya scoltous filimu yomwe Darren aronofsky adalemba Clint Mesesell mu 2000. Ngakhale ndizotheka kuti Mansell adauziridwa ndi wobchala wozungulira "Njira ku Valchalla" kuchokera ku Opera "Imfa ya Amulungu"
Ndi dzina la ulalo wapakale komanso loyipa "Tango Imfa". Malinga ndi nthano, panthawi yowononga kwambiri Ayuda a m'misasa yamasiku ano, nyimbo zamisala zinkamveka. M'malo mwake, sizikudziwika kuti ma gechestra a kampu adasewera. Koma sizokayikitsa kuti ndi zomwe amatenga. Wagner adagwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito zake zimafunikira ma sy schestra ambiri.
M'zaka za zana la XIX, Nyimbo za Wagner zinali zosintha izi kuti, chifukwa cha mphete ya Nbelsung ", nyumba ya Bayreuth Operated polojekiti. Zotsatira zoyipa za holo ya Concle adaganiza bwino. Mwachitsanzo, dzenje la orchestral lidakutidwa ndi mlendo kuti nyimbozo sizinaphuke mawu a oimba.
Wagner adalemba ma opera 13, 8 mwa iwo anali apamwamba, komanso ntchito zingapo zosakhazikika, kuphatikizapo mabiloti a Librettle, komanso mavoliyumu 16 a zolemba, zilembo ndi zokumbukira. Opera Opera Opera Amasiyanitsidwa ndi Nthawi Yaitali, Patrosi ndi Epic.
Opera "nthano", "kuletsedwa zachikondi", "Retsaze" ali m'zaka zoyambirira za luso la wopentali. Ntchito yoyamba yokhwima inali "kuuluka" - nkhani ya epic yokhudza sitima ya mzukwa. Tangayizer amafotokoza nkhani yachisoni ya chikondi cha menello ndi mulungu wachikunja. "Loengrin" - Opera za Snight-Swan komanso mtsikana wopanda nzeru. Apa, mu liwull yonse imalengeza kuti anzeru.
Tristan ndi ISalde - Wolemba Reporter pa nthawi yomwe munthu alipo. Mwezi wachikondi wa ngwazi wachiwiri utenga mphindi 40, lololologyo ya Tristan wovulala mu chizolowezi chachitatu - mphindi 45. Kuchita zojambula za kuwonongeka kwa oyimba a opera, kunali kofunikira kuphunzitsanso. Chifukwa chake sukulu yatsopano idabadwa.
Nkhani ya mphete yamphamvu yamphamvu yopangidwa kwa zaka zana lisanafike J.R. Tolkien. "Glogon Rhine" amatsegula "mphete ya mphete ya Nibenung. Kuzungulira kwachiwiri kwa opera, "Valkyrie", ali ndi "khadi la bizinesi" Wagner - chojambulidwa ". "Siegfried" ndiye opera abwino kwambiri ozungulira: Ngwawo imapha chinjoka ndikuchikonda.
Chilichonse chimathera "kufa kwa milungu", chopangidwa ndi zotupa za opera, zimaphatikizapo "kulira maliro a Marichi kuti aphedwe, omwe pambuyo pake adachita maliro a Wolembayo.
Moyo Wanu
Ngakhale kuti Richard anali wotsika pokula (166 masentimita) ndi oyipa, ambiri mwa moyo anali osauka, omwe analibe maudindo kapena maudindo - amakopeka ndi akazi nthawi zonse. Chikondi chosiyanasiyana cha chikondi ndi ochita ziwanda samadziwika ndi aliyense, koma akazi atatu amalembedwa pamwambo wa luso.
Mkazi wa Minna, mkazi woyamba. Kupita kwa wochititsa zaka makumi awiri ndi zaka makumi awiri za wojambula zithunzi zokongola zidagwidwa ndi ukwati mu Novembara 1836. Mkazi wachinyamatayo anali wamkulu zaka zinayi kuposa mwamuna wake, wodziwa zambiri zatsiku ndi tsiku komanso pragmatic. Banjali linachoka ku Königsberg kupita ku Riga, kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku St. Petersburg, Mitava ndi Paris. M'malo atsopano, minne idatha kuwononga chisa chamtengo ndikupatsa mwamuna wake modalirika zakulera.
Kwa zaka zambiri, zinali zovuta kwa iye. Pambuyo kuwonongeka kwa chisinthidwe mu 1849, Wagner adathawa kuti adziwe pepalalo, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku Switzerland. Ku Zurich, Richard adakumana ndi zida zatsopano: Matilde Wendonk. Kukongola kwa zaka 23 ndipo mwamuna wake Otto kunali mafani otentha a luso la wopeka. Olemera Kummersad Tindonk adakonza makonsati a Wagner ndipo adapereka "malo opanda phokoso" - nyumba pafupi ndi kwawo.
M'buku la "Populumutsidwa" Siegrfrima "ndi" Tristan ". Matilda anali chinthu cha nyimbo yachikondi iyi ya chikondi ndipo anamuyamikira iye ulemu. Muza wopangira nyimbo ndi wolemba nyimbo ndikulemba ndakatulo komanso prop. Makalata a Wagner adakhalabe kumited, lofalitsidwa atamwalira. Sizikudziwika kuti Richard ndi okonda ake okonda okonda ena, koma ojambula ambiri amakhulupirira zimenezo.
Kukonda Kosima Mbiri ya NATIGLa Wagner mu 1864, munthawi yadzidzidzi. Mnyamata wina wachinyamata wa ku Bavarian wachinyamata, wachikondi ndi ntchito ya Wagner (ndipo m'malingaliro a olemba mbiri ena - ku Richard mwiniwake), adamuyitanira ku Khothi Lamilandu, Mukulu wa Munich. Ndipo sikuti amangolipira ndi ngongole zokha, komanso kuwululidwa mowolowa manja ndalama kuti athe kupeza ndalama zothandizira ma projekiti.
Wagner akukuyitanani ku Orchestra a Harductor hans Percaves, wokwatiwa mosangalala wa ana awiri. Mkazi wake Kozimu, mwana wake wamkazi wa ku Ferenz, mnzake wakale wa wogner, amakhala mlembi wapadziko lonse. Ndipo, zoona, nyumbayo ndi wokondedwa. Ndidayamba pakati pa Richard ndipo kupita patsogolo kwa mbuzi kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi chinsinsi cha mwamuna wachinyengo.
Koma m'malo mwa nkhuku, mfumuyo inali ya nsanje inali mfumu, mfumuyo inakonzedwa, vutoli linasandulika kukhala lochititsa manyazi. Zinthuzi zidawonjezereka ndikuti Wogner adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama zochulukirapo za boma, ndipo chikhalidwe cha Katolika chidalamulira ku Bavaria. Adzalteteri adachotsedwa mu Switzerland.
Kusudzulana nthawi imeneyo kunali kovuta kotero kuti Ceta Von Von ikhoza kungopeza zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha. Kwa zaka zambiri, Kozima anabereka ana aakazi a Richard a ilold ndi Hava ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Siegfried (kubadwa kwa anyamatawa dzina lomweli). Adafa kuchokera ku matenda a mtima wa mitima yamvula, ndipo Ludwig mwadzidzidzi adasintha mkwiyo kuti achitire chifundo ndikufunsa wobgner kuti abwerere pabwalo.
Mu 1870, kozima ndi Richard adakwatirana. Kuchokera pamenepa, moyo wa muse umakhala wotumikira fanolo. Okwatirana limodzi akumanga bwalo la zisudzo ku Bayreuth ndikugwira ntchito yoyamba ya "mphete ya Nbelsung". Premiere anachitika mu 1876 kuyambira pa Ogasiti 13 mpaka 17, anasintha kwamuyaya kutumizidwa kwa azungu za zaluso za Opera.
Imfa
Mu 1882, Wagner pakukakamira madotolo amayenda ku venice, komwe amamwalira mu 1883 kuchokera ku vuto la mtima. M'mbuyomu ndi mwamuna wake mpaka mpweya womaliza wa Kozima amakumana ndi mavuto a thupi ku Bayreuth ndi maliro. Anachita zinthu bungwe lonse ku Bayreuth, kuti athe kukumbukira kwake mwamuna wake.
Kuphatikiza pa Chikondwerero cha Zagrial Wagner, chomwe chakhala chachipembedzo m'dziko la nyimbo, chipilala china chosangalatsa kwa neus. Neuschwanstein uyu ndi nyumba yabwino kwambiri m'mphepete mwa Bavaria, nyumba yachifumu ya Swan, yomangidwa ndi a Ludwig II Bavaria in Memory of the Brilider. Mkati mwa malowo umawonetsa kugwidwa ndi mfumu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a Wagner.
Nchito
- 1834 - "Fairy"
- 1836 - "Kuletsa Chikondi"
- 1840 - "Renza, komaliza kwa aschenov"
- 1840 - Faist (zobzala)
- 1841 - "Kuuluka Dutchman"
- 1845 - "Tangezer"
- 1848 - "Boangrin"
- 1854-1874 - "Nibelung mphete"
- 1859 - Tristan ndi Isalwe
- 1868 - "Nurembern Meystrenzinger"
- 1882 - "Parsifaal"